Morus alba L. alleviates influenza viral pneumonia. Evidences of its mechanism of action.

Background: Viral pneumonia is an infection of the lungs caused by numerous different viruses, which can lead to severe respiratory distress and even life-threatening conditions. In the absence of specific treatments for viral pneumonia, natural traditional medicines offer an alternative in terms of innovative drug therapies. Morus alba L.

Sedative and hypnotic effects of icariin through the GABAergic system pathway.

Background: Icariin (ICA) is a bioactive monomer derived from Epimedium. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sedative-hypnotic effect of ICA and to investigate its mechanism.

Methods: C57BL/6J mice were injected intraperitoneally with a suspension of PCPA (300 mg/kg) for two consecutive days to establish an insomnia model.

Prediction of risk of blood transfusion in patients with cirrhosis.

Background: Blood transfusion is usually required for cirrhotic patients with bleeding which is related to high risk of mortality. Identifying cirrhotic patients at high risk of bleeding and needing blood transfusions would benefit these patients, yet this remains an unmet need.

Objectives: This study aims to enhance blood transfusion management for patients with cirrhosis by developing a predictive model to assess the risk of transfusion.

Cardiac phenotypes and cardiovascular risk in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic coronary artery disease: A Chinese retrospective cohort study.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) are at very high risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), but further risk stratification remains challenging.

Aims: This study aimed to use cluster analysis to identify cardiac phenotypes associated with cardiovascular risk in T2DM and chronic CAD populations.

Methods: Cluster analysis was performed on 12 echocardiographic variables, including aortic and pulmonary artery diameters, atrial and ventricular dimensions, interventricular septum and posterior wall thicknesses, ejection fraction, and blood flow velocities in 1633 Chinese individuals.

The role of activated partial thrombin time in mediating the impact of poorly glycemic control on diabetic peripheral neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aim: This study aims to investigate the role of activated partial thrombin time (APTT) as a potential mediator in the relationship between suboptimal glycemic control and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: A total of 183 T2DM patients were enrolled in this study. Comprehensive clinical data, including coagulation parameters and nerve conduction velocity, were collected and compared between patients with and without DPN.

Analyzing gene-based apoptotic biomarkers in insomnia using bioinformatics.

Insomnia is increasingly common and poses significant health risks. The aims of this study are to identify apoptosis-related genes and potential biomarkers for insomnia and to find new therapeutic targets. Insomnia gene expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and differentially expressed genes in normal and insomnia samples were identified by limma rapid differential analysis, and then the major modular genes with clinical relevance to insomnia were analyzed using the Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis, and intersections were obtained with the differentially expressed genes as well as with apoptotic gene databases.

Maternal neonicotinoid pesticide exposure impairs glucose metabolism by deteriorating brown fat thermogenesis.

Background: Neonicotinoids (NEOs) are well-designed highly selective pesticides that target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. However, their extensive use, accumulation, and biomagnification pose significant risks to humans. Increasing evidence has suggested that NEOs may affect glucose homeostasis, but little research has linked NEOs exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which is the most common disease in pregnancy.

The mechanism of different orexin/hypocretin neuronal projections in wakefulness and sleep.

Since the discovery of orexin/hypocretin, numerous studies have accumulated evidence demonstrating its key role in various aspects of neuromodulation, including addiction, motivation, and arousal. This paper focuses on the projection of orexin neurons to specific target brain regions through distinct neural pathways to regulate sleep and arousal. We provide a detailed discussion of the projection mechanisms of orexin neurons to downstream neurons, particularly emphasizing their activation of monoaminergic and cholinergic neurons associated with arousal.

GABA and its receptors' mechanisms in the treatment of insomnia.

Insomnia has now become a major health problem of global concern, with about 1/3 of the population suffering from sleep problems, a proportion that is still rising year by year. Most of the therapeutic drugs for insomnia currently used in clinical practice are not developed in a targeted manner, but are discovered by chance, and have unavoidable side effects such as addiction. Finding a safer and more effective therapeutic drug has become an urgent need for current research.

Role of coagulation indices in assessinghypertensive disorders in pregnancy and predicting delivery outcomes.

Objectives: To investigate the role of coagulation indices in assessing the severity of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) and their predictive value for delivery outcomes.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 54 pregnant women with HDP who delivered at Zhoushan Hospital between June 2013 and June 2023. A control group of 42 healthy pregnant women from the same period was also included.

Assessing the diagnostic utility of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio as a potential biomarker for diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

Background And Aims: Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) both have microcirculation dysfunction. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) is a biomarker for DN. We aimed to explore the links between DPN and UACR in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Mosaic and mixed HIV-1 glycoprotein nanoparticles elicit antibody responses to broadly neutralizing epitopes.

An effective human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) vaccine will most likely have to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to overcome the sequence diversity of the envelope glycoprotein (Env). So far, stabilized versions of Env, such as SOSIP trimers, have been able to induce neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses, but those responses are mainly strain-specific. Here we attempted to broaden NAb responses by using a multivalent vaccine and applying a number of design improvements.

Interleukin-5: an indicator of mild cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus - a comprehensive investigation ranging from bioinformatics analysis to clinical research.

Purpose: Neuroinflammation constitutes an underlying mechanism for cognitive impairment. Here, we endeavor to scrutinize the potential contribution of interleukin-5 (IL-5) towards mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to assess its diagnostic value for MCI in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: RNA-seq was used to explore the potential neuroinflammation factors in the hippocampus of diabetic mice with cognitive decline.

Chemosensory protein 22 in Riptortus pedestris is involved in the recognition of three soybean volatiles.

Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae), a common agricultural pest, is the major causative agent of "soybean staygreen." However, the interactions between chemosensory proteins (CSPs) in R. pedestris and host plant volatiles have yet to be comprehensively studied.

Inhibitory effects of resveratrol on platelet activation and thrombosis in colon cancer through regulation of the MAPK and cGMP/VASP pathways.

Thrombosis is the primary cause of death in patients with cancer. Resveratrol inhibits platelet activation, a crucial pathophysiological basis of thrombosis, in healthy individuals. However, its effects and mechanisms of action in patients with colon cancer remain unknown.

Abscisic acid-mediated autoregulation of the MYB41-BRAHMA module enhances drought tolerance in Arabidopsis.

Drought stress poses a substantial challenge to plant growth and agricultural productivity worldwide. Upon water depletion, plants activate an abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, leading to stomatal closure to reduce water loss. The MYB family of transcription factors plays diverse roles in growth, development, stress responses, and biosynthesis, yet their involvement in stomatal regulation remains unclear.

Clinical diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of neurodyspepsia syndrome using intelligent medicine.

Against the backdrop of rapid social economy and scientific and technological development, intelligent medical technology expanded based on the Internet plays a crucial role in the innovation and development of the modern medical industry. Intelligent medical technology has completely changed the fixed medical methods of the past, and it can solve the isolated defects between various unit systems, greatly improving the overall informatization level of hospitals. This article analyzed the clinical diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of neurodyspepsia syndrome (NDS) in intelligent medicine.

Microglial SCAP deficiency protects against diabetes-associated cognitive impairment through inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation.

Hyperglycemia-induced pathological microglial responses and subsequent neuronal damage are notable characteristics of diabetes-associated cognitive impairment (DACI). Cholesterol accumulation in the brain is a prevalent consequence of diabetes mellitus (DM), exacerbating pathological microglial responses. Regarding disordered glucose and lipid metabolism, the Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein (SREBP) cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), a cholesterol sensor, exhibits increased expression and abnormal translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, amplifying the inflammatory response.

Functions and mechanisms of adenosine and its receptors in sleep regulation.

Sleep is a natural and recurring state of life. Long-term insomnia can lead to physical and mental fatigue, inattention, memory loss, anxiety, depression and other symptoms, imposing immense public health and economic burden worldwide. The sleep and awakening regulation system is composed of many nerve nuclei and neurotransmitters in the brain, and it forms a neural network that interacts and restricts each other to regulate the occurrence and maintenance of sleep-wake.

Deficiency of TOP1MT enhances glycolysis through the stimulation of PDK4 expression in gastric cancer.

Background: Abnormal glucose metabolism is one of the determinants of maintaining malignant characteristics of cancer. Targeting cancer metabolism is regarded as a new strategy for cancer treatment. Our previous studies have found that TOP1MT is a crucial gene that inhibits glycolysis and cell metastasis of gastric cancer (GC) cells, but the mechanism of its regulation of glycolysis remains unclear.

Identification of C1q/TNF-related protein 4 as a novel appetite-regulating peptide that reduces food intake in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii).

Emerging findings point to a role for C1q/TNF-related protein 4 (CTRP4) in feeding in mammals. However, it remains unknown whether CTRP4 regulates feeding in fish. This study aimed to determine the feeding regulation function of CTRP4 in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii).