β-Hydroxybutyrate Alleviates Low Glucose-Induced Apoptosis via Modulation of ROS-Mediated p38 MAPK Signaling.

Hypoglycemia has emerged as a prominent complication in anti-diabetic drug therapy or negative energy balance of animals, which causes brain damage, cognitive impairment, and even death. Brain injury induced by hypoglycemia is closely related to oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The intracellular accumulation of ROS leads to neuronal damage, even death.

Neuroinflammation Induction and Alteration of Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Mice Following Developmental Exposure to Gossypol.

Background: Neurogenesis in the neonatal period involves the proliferation and differentiation of neuronal stem/progenitor cells and the establishment of synaptic connections. This process plays a critical role in determining the normal development and maturation of the brain throughout life. Exposure to certain physical or chemical factors during the perinatal period can lead to many neuropathological defects that cause high cognitive dysfunction and are accompanied by abnormal hippocampal neurogenesis and plasticity.