Mitigation of irreversible membrane biofouling by CNTs-PVDF conductive composite membrane.

Biofouling has been one of the major challenges impacting the long-term stable operation of ultrafiltration processes. Irreversible biofouling is considerably more harmful than reversible biofouling. Conductive membrane, as a new technology to effectively mitigate membrane fouling, lack research of controlling irreversible biofouling.

Development of a Ferritin-Based Nanoparticle Vaccine against Classical Swine Fever.

The occurrence of classical swine fever (CSF) poses a significant threat to the global swine industry. Developing an effective and safe vaccine is crucial for preventing and controlling CSF. Here, we constructed self-assembled ferritin nanoparticles fused with the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) E2 protein and a derived B cell epitope (Fe-E2B) using a baculovirus expression system (BVES), demonstrating enhanced immunogenicity.

Dynamics of Elementary Steps on Metal Surfaces at High Coverages: The Prevalence and Kinetic Competence of Contiguous Bare-Atom Ensembles.

The rate of elementary steps on densely-covered surfaces depends sensitively on repulsive interactions within dense adlayers, situations ubiquitous in practice and with kinetic consequences seldom captured by Langmuirian treatments of surface catalysis. This study develops an ensemble-based method that assesses how such repulsion influences the prevalence and kinetic competence of bare-atom ensembles of different size. Chemisorbed CO (CO*) is used as an example because it forms dense adlayers on metal nanoparticles during CO hydrogenation (CO-H) and other reactions, leading to significant repulsion that weakens the binding of CO* and kinetically-relevant transition states (TS).

IDO1 promotes CSFV replication by mediating tryptophan metabolism to inhibit NF-κB signaling.

Tryptophan metabolism plays a crucial role in facilitating various cellular processes essential for maintaining normal cellular function. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) catalyzes the conversion of tryptophan (Trp) into kynurenine (Kyn), thereby initiating the degradation of Trp. The resulting Kyn metabolites have been implicated in the modulation of immune responses.

Plasma metabonomics of classical swine fever virus-infected pigs.

Classical swine fever (CSF) is an infectious disease caused by Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), which is characterized by depression, high fever, extensive skin bleeding, leukopenia, anorexia, alternating constipation, and diarrhea. Hemorrhagic infarction of the spleen is the main characteristic pathological change following CSFV infection. Large-scale outbreaks of CSF are rare in China and are mainly distributed regionally.

CSFV restricts necroptosis to sustain infection by inducing autophagy/mitophagy-targeted degradation of RIPK3.

CSFV infection in pigs causes persistent high fever, hemorrhagic necrotizing multi-organ inflammation, and high mortality, which seriously threatens the global swine industry. Cell death is an essential immune response of the host against pathogen invasion, and lymphopenia is the most typical clinical feature in the acute phase of CSFV infection, which affects the initial host antiviral immunity. As an "old" virus, CSFV has evolved mechanisms to evade host immune response after a long genetic evolution.

Role of OGDH in Atophagy-IRF3-IFN-β pathway during classical swine fever virus infection.

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a severe infectious disease caused by the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) that poses significant challenges to the swine industry. α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH), the first rate-limiting enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, catalyzes α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) to succinyl-CoA, playing a crucial role in glycometabolism. Our previous studies showed that CSFV disrupts the TCA cycle, resulting in α-KG accumulation.

Immunogenicity and Immunoprotection of PCV2 Virus-like Particles Incorporating Dominant T and B Cell Antigenic Epitopes Paired with CD154 Molecules in Piglets and Mice.

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is capable of causing porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD) and is one of the major threats to the global pig industry. The nucleocapsid protein Cap encoded by the PCV2 ORF2 gene is an ideal antigen for the development of PCV2 subunit vaccines, and its N-terminal nuclear localization sequence (NLS) structural domain is essential for the formation of self-assembling VLPs. In the present study, we systematically expressed and characterized full-length PCV2 Cap proteins fused to dominant T and B cell antigenic epitopes and porcine-derived CD154 molecules using baculovirus and found that the Cap proteins fusing epitopes were still capable of forming virus-like particles (VLPs).

On the Redox Mechanism of Low-Temperature NH -SCR over Cu-CHA: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Reduction Half Cycle.

Cu-CHA is the state-of-the-art catalyst for the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NOx in vehicle applications. Although extensively studied, diverse mechanistic proposals still stand in terms of the nature of active Cu-ions and reaction pathways in SCR working conditions. Herein we address the redox mechanism underlying Low-Temperature (LT) SCR on Cu-CHA by an integration of chemical-trapping techniques, transient-response methods, operando UV/Vis-NIR spectroscopy with modelling tools based on transient kinetic analysis and density functional theory calculations.

Structure and crystal phase transition effect of Sn doping on anatase TiO for dichloromethane decomposition.

Efficient removal of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) has received great attention because of the considerable harm that they cause to the environment and to human health. Developing novel catalysts and exploring the catalytic activation and deconstruction mechanism of CVOCs molecule are always the focus in this field. Here, a set of Sn doped TiO catalysts were investigated for the decomposition of dichloromethane (DCM).