Rapid and In-situ Active Sites Regeneration for OER Activity Recovery and Greatly Prolonged Water-Splitting Performance.

Inspired by the continuous regeneration of enzymes in living organisms that enables sustained long-term enzymatic reactions, we propose an active site regeneration strategy to rapidly and in-situ recover the catalytic activity of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for the electrode through switching anode solution, to substantially prolong the service life of the electrolytic cell. The OER activity of anodic NiFe(S)/NM catalyst synthesized by coating S-doped NiFe-LDH on nickel mesh (NM) exhibited excellent initial activity, then experienced gradual active site and activity losses due to the nanosheet detachment from NMs after a long-term OER process. Attractively, such a damaged catalyst and its active sites can be effectively regenerated by in-situ redox reaction followed by electrochemical oxidation through switching the anode into the different solutions, resulting in the full recovery of the OER activity to its initial value.

SOCS1: A potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for aggressive gliomas and a new target for immunotherapy.

Gliomas, the most common and deadly cancers of the central nervous system, present a unique immunological barrier that severely undermines the effectiveness of immunotherapies. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), belonging to the SOCS protein family and playing a pivotal role in various cancer treatment strategies and is abundant in high-grade gliomas. This study conducted a comparative analysis of SOCS1 and glioma immune checkpoints.

Activating Lattice Oxygen by Electrochemical De-Lithiation for Efficient Benzyl Alcohol Oxidation.

Electrocatalytic benzyl alcohol oxidation reaction (EBOR) is a feasible way to produce high-value-added benzaldehyde and benzoic acid. However, the performance of catalyst usually suffers from the high energy barrier for the O─O bonding step resulting in sluggish process. Herein, lattice oxygen activation strategy is proposed by the electrochemical de-lithiation of LiNiO to catalyze the EBOR through direct O─O bonding to significantly enhance the EBOR performance.

Body adiposity index and other indexes of body composition in predicting cardiovascular disease in the Chinese population: A Cohort study.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of four obesity indicators, including waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), body adiposity index (BAI), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) on prediction for incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Chinese Han population.

Methods: We analyzed data from a prospective population cohort of 3598 participants aged 35 to 74 years from Jiangsu China. The logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between four obesity indicators and CVD risk.

CTSD is the key therapeutic target of Jinshui Liujun decoction in treating chronic bronchitis.

This study used network pharmacology, bioinformatics, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate the pharmacological mechanism of Jinshui Liujun decoction in treating chronic bronchitis. The network pharmacology constructed and analysed the drug-disease targets network. Microarray data analysis revealed CTSD as a key therapeutic target gene.

Construction of an electron-transfer channel Cu-O-Ni to inhibit the overoxidation of Ni for durable methanol oxidation at industrial current density.

The electrocatalytic methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) is a viable approach for realizing high value-added formate transformation from biomass byproducts. However, usually it is restricted by the excess adsorption of intermediates (CO) and overoxidation of catalysts, which results in low product selectivity and inactivation of the active sites. Herein, a novel Cu-O-Ni electron-transfer channel was constructed by loading NiCuO on nickel foam (NF) to inhibit the overoxidation of Ni and enhance the formate selectivity of the MOR.

Haplotype analysis on association between C-reactive protein gene and susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chinese Han population : CRP gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: We aimed to evaluate the impact of C-reactive protein (CRP) gene polymorphism, additional gene-gene interaction, and haplotypes on susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods: SNPstats online software ( https://www.snpstats.

Activation of feedforward wiring in adult hippocampal neurons by the basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor Ascl4.

Although evidence indicates that the adult brain retains a considerable capacity for circuit formation, adult wiring has not been broadly considered and remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigate wiring activation in adult neurons. We show that the basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factor Ascl4 can induce wiring in different types of hippocampal neurons of adult mice.

Gephyrin phosphorylation facilitates sexually dimorphic development and function of parvalbumin interneurons in the mouse hippocampus.

The precise function of specialized GABAergic interneuron subtypes is required to provide appropriate synaptic inhibition for regulating principal neuron excitability and synchronization within brain circuits. Of these, parvalbumin-type (PV neuron) dysfunction is a feature of several sex-biased psychiatric and brain disorders, although, the underlying developmental mechanisms are unclear. While the transcriptional action of sex hormones generates sexual dimorphism during brain development, whether kinase signaling contributes to sex differences in PV neuron function remains unexplored.

Controlled Construction of Core-Shell Structured Prussian Blue Analogues towards Enhanced Oxygen Reduction.

Metal-organic frameworks-based electrocatalysts have been developed as highly desirable and promising candidates for catalyzing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which, however, usually need to be prepared at elevated temperatures and may suffer from the framework collapse in water environments, largely preventing its industrial application. Herein, this work demonstrates a facile low-temperature ion exchange method to synthesize Mn and Fe co-loaded Prussian blue analogues possessing core-shell structured frameworks and favorable water-tolerance. Among the catalysts prepared, the optimal HMPB-2.

Adsorption Site Regulations of [W-O]-Doped CoP Boosting the Hydrazine Oxidation-Coupled Hydrogen Evolution at Elevated Current Density.

Hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) assisted hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) offers a feasible path for low power consumption to hydrogen production. Unfortunately however, the total electrooxidation of hydrazine in anode and the dissociation kinetics of water in cathode are critically depend on the interaction between the reaction intermediates and surface of catalysts, which are still challenging due to the totally different catalytic mechanisms. Herein, the [W-O] group with strong adsorption capacity is introduced into CoP nanoflakes to fabricate bifunctional catalyst, which possesses excellent catalytic performances towards both HER (185.

Consistent functional abnormalities in patients with postpartum depression.

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common public health concern. A wide range of functional abnormalities in various brain regions have been reported in fMRI studies on PPD, however, a consistent functional changing pattern is still lacking. Herein, we obtained functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) data from 52 patients with PPD and 24 healthy postpartum women (HPW).

Commissural dentate granule cell projections and their rapid formation in the adult brain.

Dentate granule cells (GCs) have been characterized as unilaterally projecting neurons within each hippocampus. Here, we describe a unique class, the commissural GCs, which atypically project to the contralateral hippocampus in mice. Although commissural GCs are rare in the healthy brain, their number and contralateral axon density rapidly increase in a rodent model of temporal lobe epilepsies.

controls target specification of mossy fiber sprouting.

Circuit formation is a defining characteristic of the developing brain. However, multiple lines of evidence suggest that circuit formation can also take place in adults, the mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the epilepsy-associated mossy fiber (MF) sprouting in the adult hippocampus and asked which cell surface molecules define its target specificity.

Circuit formation in the adult brain.

Neurons in the mammalian central nervous system display an enormous capacity for circuit formation during development but not later in life. In principle, new circuits could be also formed in adult brain, but the absence of the developmental milieu and the presence of growth inhibition and hundreds of working circuits are generally viewed as unsupportive for such a process. Here, we bring together evidence from different areas of neuroscience-such as neurological disorders, adult-brain neurogenesis, innate behaviours, cell grafting, and in vivo cell reprogramming-which demonstrates robust circuit formation in adult brain.

Recurrent rewiring of the adult hippocampal mossy fiber system by a single transcriptional regulator, Id2.

Circuit formation in the central nervous system has been historically studied during development, after which cell-autonomous and nonautonomous wiring factors inactivate. In principle, balanced reactivation of such factors could enable further wiring in adults, but their relative contributions may be circuit dependent and are largely unknown. Here, we investigated hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting to gain insight into wiring mechanisms in mature circuits.

Transcriptional and morphological profiling of parvalbumin interneuron subpopulations in the mouse hippocampus.

The diversity reflected by >100 different neural cell types fundamentally contributes to brain function and a central idea is that neuronal identity can be inferred from genetic information. Recent large-scale transcriptomic assays seem to confirm this hypothesis, but a lack of morphological information has limited the identification of several known cell types. In this study, we used single-cell RNA-seq in morphologically identified parvalbumin interneurons (PV-INs), and studied their transcriptomic states in the morphological, physiological, and developmental domains.

Interaction of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption with obesity on cardiovascular disease in a Chinese cohort.

Objective: We aimed to detect the synergistic effect between alcohol drinking, smoking and obesity on incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a Chinese population- based cohort.

Methods: We performed this study based on a prospective cohort based on a Chinese population in Jiangsu, China. Logistic regression was employed to detect the interaction of smoking, drinking with obesity on susceptibility to CVD, and calculate the odds ratio (OR) of CVD and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).

Single-cell RNA-Seq characterization of anatomically identified OLM interneurons in different transgenic mouse lines.

Inhibitory GABAergic interneurons create different brain activity patterns that correlate with behavioural states. In this characterizing study, we used single-cell RNA-Seq to analyse anatomically- and electrophysiologically identified hippocampal oriens-lacunosum moleculare (OLM) interneurons. OLMs express somatostatin (Sst), generate feedback inhibition and play important roles in theta oscillations and fear encoding.

Single-Cell RNA-Seq Reveals Developmental Origins and Ontogenetic Stability of Neurexin Alternative Splicing Profiles.

Neurexins are key synaptic organizers that are expressed in thousands of alternatively spliced isoforms. Because transsynaptic neurexin interactions with different postsynaptic molecules are largely isoform dependent, a cell type-level census of different neurexin isoforms could predict molecular interactions relating to synapse identity and function. Using single-cell transcriptomics to study the origin of neurexin diversity in multiple murine mature and embryonic cell types, we have discovered shared neurexin expression patterns in developmentally related cells.

The Serum BDNF Level Offers Minimum Predictive Value for Motor Function Recovery After Stroke.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in neuroplasticity and neurogenesis following ischemic and non-ischemic brain injury. The predictive value of BDNF for short-term outcome after stroke is controversial. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship among serum BDNF level, fractional anisotropy (FA), and functional outcome during post-acute stroke rehabilitation.

Protocadherin-αC2 is required for diffuse projections of serotonergic axons.

Serotonergic axons extend diffuse projections throughout various brain areas, and serotonergic system disruption causes neuropsychiatric diseases. Loss of the cytoplasmic region of protocadherin-α (Pcdh-α) family proteins, products of the diverse clustered Pcdh genes, causes unbalanced distributions (densification and sparsification) of serotonergic axons in various target regions. However, which Pcdh-α member(s) are responsible for the phenotype is unknown.