The role and mechanism of TLR4-siRNA in the impairment of learning and memory in young mice induced by isoflurane.

Background: Isoflurane can significantly induce inflammation in children without surgical stress. The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is closely related to noninfectious inflammation in the brain.

Objectives: To investigate the role of TLR4-small interfering RNA (siRNA) in learning and memory impairment in young mice induced by isoflurane.

Sevoflurane-Induced miR-211-5p Promotes Neuronal Apoptosis by Inhibiting Efemp2.

Sevoflurane exposure can result in serious neurological side effects including neuronal apoptosis and cognitive impairment. Although the microRNA miR-211-5p is profoundly upregulated following sevoflurane exposure in neonatal rodent models, the impact of miR-211-5p on neuronal apoptosis and cognitive impairment postsevoflurane exposure has not yet been elucidated. Here, we found that sevoflurane upregulated miR-211-5p and downregulated EGF-Containing Fibulin Extracellular Matrix Protein 2 (Efemp2, Fibulin-4) levels in vitro and in vivo.