Plant Architecture Optimizes the Trait-Based Description and Classification of Vegetation.

Trait-based approaches offer valuable perspectives for vegetation classification, but functional traits struggle to capture resource allocation among competing plants, showing limitations across scales. This study aimed to introduce plant architecture to enhance trait-based vegetation classification. Based on a forest transect survey along China's eastern coast from 2021 to 2023, data from 32 plots of coastal dwarf forests (CDF), characterized primarily by reduced plant height, and normal noncoastal dwarf forests (NCDF) were obtained.

Three New Species and Five New Host Records from with Anti-Phytopathogenic Potential from Cover Crops and .

Cover crops, typically planted during off-seasons and requiring less agronomic manipulation, may provide abundant fungal resources. Certain species of could serve as potential agents for controlling plant diseases and developing bioorganic fertilizers. Eight species from five genera of were identified from healthy and , two major cover crops, through multigene phylogenetic analysis, morphological identification, and pairwise homoplasy index testing.

The Study of Speech Acoustic Characteristics of Elderly Individuals with Presbyphagia in Ningbo, China.

The feasibility of using acoustic parameters to predict presbyphagia has been preliminarily confirmed. Considering that age and gender can influence the results of acoustic parameters, this study aimed to further explore the specific effects of age and gender on acoustic parameter analysis of the elderly population over 60 years old with presbyphagia. A total of 45 participants were enrolled and divided into three groups (60-69 years old, 70-79 years old, and 80-89 years old).

Acoustic Analysis of Mandarin-Speaking Transgender Women.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the speech characteristics and assess the potential risk of voice fatigue and voice disorders in Chinese transgender women (TW).

Methods: A case-control study was conducted involving TW recruited in Shanghai, China. The participants included 15 TW, 20 cisgender men (CISM), and 20 cisgender women (CISW).

The atypical Dof transcriptional factor OsDes1 contributes to stay-green, grain yield, and disease resistance in rice.

The regulation of leaf senescence and disease resistance plays a crucial role in determining rice grain yield and quality, which are important to meet the ever-increasing food demands of the world. Here, we identified an atypical Dof transcriptional factor OsDes1 that contributes to the stay-green phenotype, grain yield, and disease resistance in rice. The expression level of is positively associated with stay-green in natural variations of rice, suggesting that would be alternatively used in breeding programs.

Machine learning-enhanced predictive modeling for arbitrary deterministic lateral displacement design and test.

The separation of biological particles like cells and macromolecules from liquid samples is vital in clinical medicine, supporting liquid biopsies and diagnostics. Deterministic Lateral Displacement (DLD) is prominent for sorting particles in microfluidics by size. However, the design, fabrication, and testing of DLDs are complex and time-consuming.

CmERF1 acts as a positive regulator of fruits and leaves growth in melon (Cucumis melo L.).

Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is an important horticultural and economic crop. ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 (ERF1) plays an important role in regulating plant development, and the resistance to multiple biotic and abiotic stresses.

Editorial for the Special Issue on Advanced Interconnect and Packaging, 2nd Edition.

Interconnect and packaging technologies are crucial aspects of modern electronics, and they are essential to achieve high performance, miniaturization and low power consumption of electronic equipment [...

First telomere-to-telomere gapless assembly of the rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae.

Rice blast caused by Pyricularia oryzae (syn., Magnaporthe oryzae) was one of the most destructive diseases of rice throughout the world. Genome assembly was fundamental to genetic variation identification and critically impacted the understanding of its ability to overcome host resistance.

The Molecular Genetics and Genomics of Plant-Pathogen Interactions.

Plants have evolved an intricate immune system to protect themselves from potential pathogens [...

MicroRNA Profiling Revealed the Mechanism of Enhanced Cold Resistance by Grafting in Melon ( L.).

Grafting is widely used to improve the resistance to abiotic stresses in cucurbit plants, but the effect and molecular mechanism of grafting on cold stress are still unknown in melon. In this study, phenotypic characteristics, physiological indexes, small-RNA sequencing and expression analyses were performed on grafted plants with pumpkin rootstock (PG) and self-grafted plants (SG) to explore the mechanism of changed cold tolerance by grafting in melon. Compared with SG plants, the cold tolerance was obviously enhanced, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly decreased and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; peroxidase, POD) were significantly increased in PG plants.

Speech Acoustic Parameters for Predicting Presbyphagia: A Preliminary Study in the Elderly Shanghainese Population.

Purpose: Age is a high-risk factor for dysphagia. Speech and swallowing share the same anatomical and neurophysiological basis. Their functions are closely related; hence, speech assessment can predict the risk of dysphagia.

The Hidden Truths of Fungal Virulence and Adaptation on Hosts: Unraveling the Conditional Dispensability of Minichromosomes in the Hemibiotrophic Pathogens.

spp. are ascomycete fungi and cause anthracnose disease in numerous crops of economic significance. The genomes of these fungi are distributed among ten core chromosomes and two to three minichromosomes.

The effects of different rootstocks on aroma components, activities and genes expression of aroma-related enzymes in oriental melon fruit.

Grafting is widely applied in the cultivation of melon. In this study, 'Qinmi No.1' ( L.

Modifying Effect and Mechanism of Polymer Powder on the Properties of Asphalt Binder for Engineering Application.

For achieving the better modifying effect of polyurethane on asphalt pavement materials, the PUA powder modifier was prepared with fine grinding at the glass transition temperature, and polyurethane-modified asphalt (PUA-MA) with different dosages of modifier was prepared. The impact of the PUA on the physical properties of asphalt binder was studied. The modifying mechanism of PUA on asphalt was explored by investigating the thermal performance and chemical composition of asphalt (thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry test, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy).

A gln-tRNA-based CRISPR/Cas9 knockout system enables the functional characterization of genes in the genetically recalcitrant brassica anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum.

Colletotrichum higginsianum causes anthracnose disease in brassicas. The availability of the C. higginsianum genome has paved the way for the genome-wide exploration of genes associated with virulence/pathogenicity.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of vocal fatigue index (VFI) to Chinese language.

Objectives: This study aimed to translate the Vocal Fatigue Index (VFI) into Simplified Chinese and test its reliability and validity in mainland China.

Methods: The original English version of the VFI was translated and adapted to a Simplified Chinese version (VFI -SC). Fifty-four participants with voice disorders and 21 healthy controls completed the VFI-SC.

The GRAS protein OsDLA involves in brassinosteroid signalling and positively regulates blast resistance by forming a module with GSK2 and OsWRKY53 in rice.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) play a crucial role in shaping the architecture of rice (Oryza sativa) plants. However, the regulatory mechanism of BR signalling in rice immunity remains largely unexplored. Here we identify a rice mutant dla, which exhibits decreased leaf angles and is insensitive to 24-epiBL (a highly active synthetic BR), resembling the BR-deficient phenotype.

Computed Tomography-Guided Percutaneous Stylomastoid Foramen Puncture and Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation for Treatment of Hemifacial Spasm via Mandibular Angle Approach.

Background: Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterized by progressive, paroxysmal, and involuntary convulsions on one side of the face. We have conducted in-depth exploration on the puncture approach through the mandibular angle, which is an important supplement to the first 2 approaches (i.e.

An ERAD-related ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme boosts broad-spectrum disease resistance and yield in rice.

Rice is a staple crop for over half of the global population. However, blast disease caused by Magnaporthe orzae can result in more than a 30% loss in rice yield in epidemic years. Although some major resistance genes bolstering blast resistance have been identified in rice, their stacking in elite cultivars usually leads to yield penalties.

CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of large chromosomal segments identifies a minichromosome modulating the Colletotrichum graminicola virulence on maize.

Colletotrichum graminicola causes anthracnose on maize, an economically significant disease worldwide. To decipher how the pathogen controls its virulence/pathogenicity on maize at the minichromosomal level, we sequenced the genome and transcriptome of the C. graminicola strain T1-3-3.

Phosphorylation and ubiquitination of OsWRKY31 are integral to OsMKK10-2-mediated defense responses in rice.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) cascades play vital roles in plant innate immunity, growth, and development. Here, we report that the rice (Oryza sativa) transcription factor gene OsWRKY31 is a key component in a MPK signaling pathway involved in plant disease resistance in rice. We found that the activation of OsMKK10-2 enhances resistance against the rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae and suppresses growth through an increase in jasmonic acid and salicylic acid accumulation and a decrease of indole-3-acetic acid levels.

Magnaporthe oryzae endoplasmic reticulum membrane complex regulates the biogenesis of membrane proteins for pathogenicity.

In eukaryotes, the majority of newly synthesized integral membrane proteins are inserted into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane before transferred to their functional sites. The conserved ER membrane complex (EMC) takes part in the insertion process for tail-anchored membrane proteins. However, the function of EMC in phytopathogenic fungi has not been characterized.