Isoquercitrin improves diabetes nephropathy by inhibiting the sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 pathway.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most severe kidney complications and the primary contributor to end-stage renal disease on a global scale. It exacerbates the morbidity, mortality, and financial burden for individuals with diabetes. Isoquercitrin, a natural compound found in various plants, has demonstrated potential as an antidiabetic agent.

The effect of metabolic factors on the association between hyperuricemia and chronic kidney disease: a retrospective cohort mediation analysis.

Background: Hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperhomocysteinemia are all established risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD), and their interplay could exacerbate CKD progression. This study aims to evaluate the potential mediation effects of hyperglycemia, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hyperhomocysteinemia on the association between hyperuricemia (HUA) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: We collected electronic medical record data from 2055 participants who underwent physical examinations at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University.

Sinensetin ameliorates high glucose-induced diabetic nephropathy via enhancing autophagy in vitro and in vivo.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) affects around 40% of people with diabetes, the final outcome of which is end-stage renal disease. The deficiency of autophagy and excessive oxidative stress have been found to participate in the pathogenesis of DN. Sinensetin (SIN) has been proven to have strong antioxidant capability.

Renoprotective Effect of Isoorientin in Diabetic Nephropathy via Activating Autophagy and Inhibiting the PI3K-AKT-TSC2-mTOR Pathway.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most serious complications of diabetes and the most common cause of death. The autophagy of podocytes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DN. Here, through screening the constituent compounds of practical and useful Chinese herbal formulas, we identified that isoorientin (ISO) strongly promoted the autophagy of podocytes and could effectively protect podocytes from high glucose (HG)-induced injury.

hUCMSCs carrying exenatide prevent T1DM by improving intestinal microflora composition and islet tissue damage repair.

Background: Exenatide is a stable analogue of glucagon-like peptide 1 that can reduce postprandial hyperglycemia and has been utilized as adjunctive therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The human umbilical cord is a rich source of MSCs, and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) also show potential to enhance insulin secretion. Here, we aimed to explore the effects of hUCMSCs carrying exenatide in T1DM and further identify the possible mechanisms involved.

Establishment and validation of a clinical model for predicting diabetic ketosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Diabetic ketosis (DK) is one of the leading causes of hospitalization among patients with diabetes. Failure to recognize DK symptoms may lead to complications, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, severe neurological morbidity, and death.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and validate a model to predict DK in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) based on both clinical and biochemical characteristics.

Association between serum free fatty acid levels and tophus in patients with gout: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To explore the relationship between serum free fatty acid (FFA) and tophus in gout patients, and to investigate whether FFA increases the risk of tophus deposition by lowering urine pH.

Methods: A total of 595 patients with gout aged 18 to 80 were enrolled between June 2018 and August 2021. The subjects were divided into four groups according to FFA.

Association of diabetes mellitus with gait and falls in community-dwelling older adults: Serial mediation of vision and cognition.

Background/objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with walking performance, but potential underlying mechanisms of this association remain unclear. The present study aims to disentangle the pathways linking DM to gait and falls through the serial mediation effect of vision and cognition among the older population.

Methods: Data were taken from wave 9 (2018-2019) of the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA), including 5496 participants aged 60 years and older.

Identification of Two Novel Mutations of Gene in Pedigrees with X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy and Review of the Literature.

Background: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is an inherited peroxisomal metabolism disorder, resulting from the loss-of-function mutation of ATP-binding cassette protein subfamily D1 () gene. The dysfunction of ALD protein, a peroxisomal ATP-binding cassette transporter, results in the excessive saturated very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) accumulation in organs including the brain, spine, and adrenal cortex. X-ALD is characterized as the childhood, adolescent, adult cerebral ALD, adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN), adrenal insufficiency, and asymptomatic phenotypes, exhibiting a high variety of clinical neurological manifestations with or without adrenocortical insufficiency.

Impaired glucose tolerance is associated with enhanced postprandial pancreatic polypeptide secretion.

Background: The purpose of this study is to compare serum pancreatic polypeptide (PP), insulin, C-peptide, and glucagon in different glucose tolerance stages; analyze the influencing factors of PP secretion; and further explore the role of PP in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus.

Methods: Data were collected from 100 subjects from hospital. According to the results of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the subjects were divided into a normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group, an impaired glucose regulation (IGR) group, and a newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) group.

The Negative Association Between NAFLD Severity and CKD in a Non-Diabetic Gouty Population.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) share common pathogenic mechanisms and risk factors. We aim to evaluate the association between NAFLD and CKD in a non-diabetic gouty population. The retrospective cross sectional study was performed on 1049 non-diabetic gouty participants, who were hospitalized between 2014 and 2020, across 4 districts in Shandong, China.

Analysis of Risk Factors of Bronchiolitis Obliterans in Children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Bronchiolitis.

Objective: To investigate the related risk factors for bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) in children with mycoplasma pneumonia (MP) bronchiolitis.

Method: The clinical data of 227 children with MP bronchiolitis who were admitted to the II Department of Respiratory of Children's Hospital of Hebei Province from January 2018 to June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the sequelae of BO, they were divided into 32 cases in the BO group and 195 cases in the non-BO group.

LncRNA ZFAS1 regulates the proliferation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation of high glucose-induced human mesangial cells via the miR-588/ROCK1 axis.

Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a critical and the most common microvascular complication and its pathogenesis is still faintly understood. Thus, this study was performed to examine the long non-coding RNA ZNFX1 Antisense Gene Protein 1 (lncRNA ZFAS1) biological function and mechanism of regulation in DN.

Method: Human glomerular mesangial cells (HGMC) were induced with high glucose (HG, 25 mM) to establish HG-induced cell viability, pro-inflammation observed in DN.

Hyperuricemia and the Risk of Heart Failure: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Implications.

The association between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been reported and studied in the past two decades. Xanthine oxidase (XO) induced uric acid (UA) serves as a risk factor and has the independent prognostic and functional impact of heart failure (HF), but whether it plays a positive role in the pathogenesis of HF has remained unclear. Growing evidence suggest the up-regulated XO avtivity and increased production of free oxygen radical (ROS) correspondingly are the core pathogenesis of HF with hyperuricemia, which results in a whole cluster of pathophysiologic cardiovascular effects such as oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, left ventricular (LV) dysfunction as well as insulin resistance (IR).

Analysis of Clinical Manifestations, Imaging Features, and Gene Mutation Characteristics of 6 Children with Cystic Fibrosis in China.

Objective: To explore the clinical manifestations, imaging features, and gene mutation characteristics of 6 children with cystic fibrosis (CF) so as to improve the understanding and diagnosis awareness of CF in children and reduce the missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis.

Methods: The clinical manifestations, imaging, and gene mutation data of six children with CF were collected and retrospectively analyzed.

Results: Among the 6 cases of CF, there were 4 males and 2 females.

Risk of having pulmonary tuberculosis in type 2 diabetes: A hospital-based matched case-control study.

Background And Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to nearly 3-fold higher risk of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), indicating an increasing challenge to public health in low-to-middle income countries. Till now, the risk factor is still uncertain. We carried out this study with the main purpose to identify the risk factors of having TB in DM patients.

HbA mutation causing false-normal HbA1c results determined by HPLC in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A case report.

Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a convenient measure of long-term blood glucose concentrations and it is an accepted diagnostic test for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present study reported on a female patient with T2DM, whose fasting blood glucose and glycated albumin levels were elevated, while the HbA1c levels were in the normal range, which was inconsistent with the patient's clinical diagnosis. In the subsequent analysis, genomic DNA was extracted from the patient's blood and the HbA genes were analyzed by Sanger sequencing.

Efficacy and safety of PEGylated exenatide injection (PB-119) in treatment-naive type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a Phase II randomised, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study.

Aims/hypothesis: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) such as exenatide are used as monotherapy and add-on therapy for maintaining glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The current study investigated the safety and efficacy of once-weekly PB-119, a PEGylated exenatide injection, in treatment-naive patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: In this Phase II, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, we randomly assigned treatment-naive Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to receive subcutaneous placebo or one of three subcutaneous doses of PB-119 (75, 150, and 200 μg) for 12 weeks.

MiR-223-3p and miR-22-3p inhibit monosodium urate-induced gouty inflammation by targeting NLRP3.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play a crucial role in inflammation regulation; however, their relationship with inflammation in acute gouty arthritis has not been fully elucidated. Herein, we conducted a study to explore the regulatory roles of miR-223-3p and miR-22-3p in gouty-associated inflammation.

Methods: In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to examine the molecular mechanisms of miRNA regulation in gouty inflammation.

Comorbidities and the risk of severe or fatal outcomes associated with coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Existing findings regarding the relationship between comorbidities and the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are inconsistent and insufficient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between different comorbidities and the severity of COVID-19.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify studies reporting the rates of comorbidities in COVID-19 patients with severe/fatal outcomes.

Lpl-C310R mutation is associated with impaired glucose tolerance and endoplasmic reticulum stress in skeletal muscle.

Primary Hypertriglyceridemia refers to a loss-of-function genetic defect which prevents the triglyceride (TG) in chylomicrons (CM) from lipolysis, leading to the accumulation of TG. The mutation of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene has been recognized as the main cause of primary hypertriglyceridemia. Recently, a new LPL gene mutation p.

Aging exacerbates impairments of cerebral blood flow autoregulation and cognition in diabetic rats.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a leading risk factor for aging-related dementia; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The present study, utilizing a non-obese T2DN diabetic model, demonstrates that the myogenic response of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and parenchymal arteriole (PA) and autoregulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the surface and deep cortex were impaired at both young and old ages. The impaired CBF autoregulation was more severe in old than young DM rats, and in the deep than the surface cortex.