Development of a novel fluorescent probe for the Selective and sequential imaging of fluoride and hypochlorite.

Fluoride (F) are common in the environment and are beneficial in moderate amounts but can be harmful at high concentrations, leading to conditions such as fluorosis influenced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hypochlorite (ClO). This study introduces PZ-DT, a novel fluorescent probe with a phenothiazine core, designed for the sequential detection of F and ClO. PZ-DT emits orange-red fluorescence with a Stokes shift greater than 200 nm upon F detection, demonstrating excellent selectivity and sensitivity, boasting a quantum yield of 19.

Design, synthesis and antitumor activity of 4-indazolylpyrimidine derivatives as EGFR inhibitors.

To overcome T790M mutation, a novel series of 4-indazolypyrimidine derivatives were developed as novel EGFR inhibitors employing a scaffold hopping drug design strategy. The biological activities of the target compounds were evaluated against two tumor cell lines (A431 and NCI-H1975), normal cell 2BS and EGFR kinase. The results indicated that the majority of the compounds exhibited promising antitumor activity and low toxicity.

Lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-type 9 inhibitors.

High plasma lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels increase the cardiovascular risk in populations with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Apolipoprotein (a) [apo(a)], a unique protein component of Lp(a), plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Statins, the primary medication in managing ASCVD, lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) but concurrently elevate plasma Lp(a) levels, contributing to an increased residual cardiovascular risk.

FLAT: Fusing layer representations for more efficient transfer learning in NLP.

Parameter efficient transfer learning (PETL) methods provide an efficient alternative for fine-tuning. However, typical PETL methods inject the same structures to all Pre-trained Language Model (PLM) layers and only use the final hidden states for downstream tasks, regardless of the knowledge diversity across PLM layers. Additionally, the backpropagation path of existing PETL methods still passes through the frozen PLM during training, which is computational and memory inefficient.

Accessible New Non-Quantum Dot CsPbICl-Based Photocatalysts for Efficient Hole-Driven Photocatalytic Applications.

Efficient, low-cost photocatalysts with mild synthesis conditions and stable photocatalytic behavior have always been the focus in the field of photocatalysis. This study proves that non-quantum-dot CsPbICl-based materials, created by a simple method, can be successfully employed as new high-efficient photocatalysts. The results demonstrate that two-dimensional CsPbICl perovskite can achieve over three times higher photocatalytic performance compared to three-dimensional CsPbBr perovskite.

Air Pollution in Cardio-Oncology and Unraveling the Environmental Nexus: : State-of-the-Art Review.

Although recent advancements in cancer therapies have extended the lifespan of patients with cancer, they have also introduced new challenges, including chronic health issues such as cardiovascular disease arising from pre-existing risk factors or cancer therapies. Consequently, cardiovascular disease has become a leading cause of non-cancer-related death among cancer patients, driving the rapid evolution of the cardio-oncology field. Environmental factors, particularly air pollution, significantly contribute to deaths associated with cardiovascular disease and specific cancers, such as lung cancer.

Comparison of nitrification performance in SBR and SBBR with response to NaCl salinity shock: Microbial structure and functional genes.

Ammonia removal by nitrifiers at the extremely high salinity poses a great challenge for saline wastewater treatment. Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was conducted with a stepwise increase of salinity from 10 to 40 g-NaCl·L, while sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) with one-step salinity enhancement, their nitrification performance, microbial structure and interaction were evaluated. Both SBR and SBBR can achieve high-efficiency nitrification (98% ammonia removal) at 40 g-NaCl·L.

PCSK9 dysregulates cholesterol homeostasis and triglyceride metabolism in olanzapine-induced hepatic steatosis via both receptor-dependent and receptor-independent pathways.

Schizophrenia, affecting approximately 1% of the global population, is often treated with olanzapine. Despite its efficacy, olanzapine's prolonged use has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism and is involved in NAFLD pathogenesis via an unknown mechanism.

SMYD3 activates the TCA cycle to promote M1-M2 conversion in macrophages.

Background: SMYD3 refers to a histone lysine methyltransferase from the SMYD family, which acts as a gene transcriptional regulator chiefly through catalysis of the histone subunit 3 at lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3). Great progress has been made that epigenetic modification plays a pivotal role in regulating macrophage polarization. However, the effects of the histone lysine methyltransferase SMYD3 on macrophage polarization and phenotypic switching are unclear.

Design, Synthesis, and Cellular Imaging Application of a Fluorescent Probe Based on Fluoride Ion-Induced Cyclization of Phenothiazine Derivatives.

Fluoride is both necessary and potentially harmful in excessive amounts, making its detection crucial. Fluorescent probes provide a sensitive and selective means for this purpose. In this study, we developed and synthesized a fluorescent probe for LDT using phenothiazine derivatives and aryl vinyl nitrile.

Efficacy and Safety of Radiotherapy Combined with Pyrotinib in the Treatment of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer with Brain Metastases.

Purpose: To explore the efficacy and safety of pyrotinib combined with different radiotherapy modes in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer (BC) patients with brain metastasis (BM).

Patients And Methods: This study is a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with BM who underwent treatment with pyrotinib between November 2018 and April 2023. A total of 66 patients were administered radiotherapy in conjunction with pyrotinib (Group A), while 26 patients received pyrotinib as a standalone treatment (Group B).

Tryptophan metabolism regulates inflammatory macrophage polarization as a predictive factor for breast cancer immunotherapy.

Metabolic reprogramming plays a pivotal role in regulating macrophage polarization and function. However, the impact of macrophage tryptophan metabolism on polarization within the breast cancer microenvironment remains elusive. In this study, we used single-cell transcriptome analysis and found that macrophages had the highest tryptophan metabolic activity in breast cancer, melanoma, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC).

Expanding the applications of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced lung cancer beyond disease progression.

Background: Immunotherapy, particularly the utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), assumes a pivotal role in the comprehensive management of advanced lung cancer. There has been substantial deliberation regarding the appropriateness of extending ICIs treatment beyond the point of disease progression. This study delves into the potential benefits of sustained utilization of ICIs subsequent to disease progression in patients.

Circadian pattern subtyping unveiling distinct immune landscapes in breast cancer patients for better immunotherapy.

Background: While epidemiological studies have established a firm link between circadian disruption and tumorigenesis, the role and mechanism are not fully understood, complicating the design of therapeutic targets related to circadian rhythms (CR). Here, we aimed to explore the intertumoral heterogeneity of CR and elucidate its impact on the tumor microenvironment (TME), drug sensitivity, and immunotherapy.

Methods: Based on unsupervised clustering of 28 CR genes, two distinct CR subtypes (cluster-A and cluster-B) were identified in the TCGA cohort.

Lactate from glycolysis regulates inflammatory macrophage polarization in breast cancer.

Globally, breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women. Metabolic reprogramming and immune escape are two important mechanisms supporting the progression of breast cancer. Lactate in tumors mainly comes from glycolysis and glutaminolysis.

Restricted-magnesium-vapor-reduction of amorphous SiO/C precursors to polycrystalline Si/SiO/C hybrid anodes.

Considering the electrochemical activity/stability and preparation feasibility of silicon (Si) nanomaterials, we designed a restricted-magnesium-vapor-reduction to fabricate sustainable Si/SiO/C porous anodes with nanopores and polycrystalline structures.

The SMYD3-MTHFD1L-formate metabolic regulatory axis mediates mitophagy to inhibit M1 polarization in macrophages.

Background: SMYD3 (protein 3 containing SET and MYND structural domains) belongs to the SMYD methylesterase family and is a histone lysine methyltransferase that promotes gene transcription mainly by catalysing the trimethylation of lysine at position 4 of histone subunit 3 (H3K4me3). Studies have shown that SMYD3 plays a key role in tumour cell proliferation and differentiation; however, its role in macrophage polarization is unclear.

Methods: We screened the M1- and M2-polarized macrophage differential histone modifying enzyme using bioinformatics analysis.

Alterations in sorting and secretion of hepatic apoA5 induce hypertriglyceridemia due to short-term use of olanzapine.

Long-term use of olanzapine, an antipsychotic drug, induces hypertriglyceridemia, resulting in a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of short-term use of olanzapine on circulating triglyceride levels remain poorly understood. Here, the role of apolipoprotein A5 (apoA5), a regulator of triglyceride metabolism, was investigated in olanzapine-induced hypertriglyceridemia.

Case Report: A Mysterious Giant Thrombus in the Right Atrium in a Patient With Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

An isolated right atrial thrombus is a life-threatening entity that is extremely rare in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), which is characterized by a reduced left ventricular function and consequent left ventricular thrombosis. Here, we present the case of a mysterious isolated giant right atrial thrombus in a male patient with DCM. The presence of deep vein thrombosis prompted us to investigate for other underlying diseases for his right atrial thrombus.

Olanzapine causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via inhibiting the secretion of apolipoprotein A5.

Objectives: Long-term treatment of olanzapine, the most widely-prescribed second-generation antipsychotic, remarkably increases the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), whereas the mechanism for olanzapine-induced NAFLD remains unknown. Excessive hepatic fat accumulation is the basis for the pathogenesis of NAFLD, which results from the disturbance of TG metabolism in the liver. Apolipoprotein A5 (ApoA5) is a key regulator for TG metabolism in vivo that promotes TG accumulation in hepatocytes, thereby resulting in the development of NAFLD.

Advances of Synthesis Methods for Porous Silicon-Based Anode Materials.

Silicon (Si)-based anode materials have been the promising candidates to replace commercial graphite, however, there are challenges in the practical applications of Si-based anode materials, including large volume expansion during Li insertion/deinsertion and low intrinsic conductivity. To address these problems existed for applications, nanostructured silicon materials, especially Si-based materials with three-dimensional (3D) porous structures have received extensive attention due to their unique advantages in accommodating volume expansion, transportation of lithium-ions, and convenient processing. In this review, we mainly summarize different synthesis methods of porous Si-based materials, including template-etching methods and self-assembly methods.

Metformin Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis induced by olanzapine through inhibiting LXRα/PCSK9 pathway.

Studies have confirmed that olanzapine, the mainstay treatment for schizophrenia, triggers metabolic diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the etiology of olanzapine-induced NAFLD is poorly understood. Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is involved in NAFLD pathogenesis, and metformin can significantly decrease circulating PCSK9.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter protein-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists versus thiazolidinediones for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A network meta-analysis.

Aims: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disorders worldwide. Some hypoglycemic drugs can improve NAFLD. However, it is unclear which of these types of hypoglycemic drugs are more effective for NAFLD.

Progress of Binder Structures in Silicon-Based Anodes for Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Mini Review.

Silicon (Si) has been counted as the most promising anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries, owing to its high theoretical specific capacity, safety, and high natural abundance. However, the commercial application of silicon anodes is hindered by its huge volume expansions, poor conductivity, and low coulombic efficiency. For the anode manufacture, binders play an important role of binding silicon materials, current collectors, and conductive agents, and the binder structure can significantly affect the mechanical durability, adhesion, ionic/electronic conductivities, and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) stability of the silicon anodes.

H2O2 gel bleaching induces cytotoxicity and pain conduction in dental pulp stem cells via intracellular reactive oxygen species on enamel/dentin disc.

Background: Bleaching is widely accepted for improving the appearance of discolored teeth; however, patient compliance is affected by bleaching-related complications, especially bleaching sensitivity. This study aimed to investigate the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cytotoxicity and pain conduction activated by experimental tooth bleaching.

Methods: Dental pulp stem cells with or without N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), an ROS scavenger, were cultured on the dentin side of the enamel/dentin disc.