Trends in the incidence and burden of otitis media in children: a global analysis from 1990 to 2021.

Background: Otitis media (OM) is a prevalent and serious condition in childhood, but comprehensive global studies assessing its burden are lacking.

Methods: Using data from the 2021 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, we analyzed OM incidence cases and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in children aged 0-14 from 1990 to 2021. Trends were analyzed across regions, age groups, sexes, and socio-demographic index (SDI) using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC).

The Global Burden of Migraine: A 30-Year Trend Review and Future Projections by Age, Sex, Country, and Region.

Introduction: Migraine is a prevalent neurological disorder causing significant disability worldwide. Despite extensive research on specific populations, comprehensive analyses of global trends are remains limited.

Methods: We extracted incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) data for migraine from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 database.

Restoring Colistin Sensitivity in Multidrug-Resistant Pathogenic Using Cinacalcet Hydrochloride.

Restoring colistin's efficacy is crucial in addressing the resistance crisis of colistin. This study utilized a high-throughput screening method to identify 43 compounds from 800 FDA-approved drugs that exhibited significant antibacterial effects when combined with colistin. Among these, cinacalcet hydrochloride (CH) was selected for its potential synergistic effect with colistin against multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, including -positive strains.

Quantitative detection of mpox antigen using time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatography.

Recently, concern has been raised about the spread of human mpox virus, and the demand for rapid detection reagents for mpox virus has increased. This study aims to establish a time-resolved fluorescence immunochromatography (TRFICO) method for qualitative/quantitative detection of mpox virus. A double-antibody sandwich TRFICO method was optimized and established using mpox recombinant fusion antigen and its paired monoclonal antibody.

Differential selection of yield and quality traits has shaped genomic signatures of cowpea domestication and improvement.

Cowpeas (tropical legumes) are important in ensuring food and nutritional security in developing countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Herein, we report two high-quality genome assemblies of grain and vegetable cowpeas and we re-sequenced 344 accessions to characterize the genomic variations landscape. We identified 39 loci for ten important agronomic traits and more than 541 potential loci that underwent selection during cowpea domestication and improvement.

Discovery of Salifungin as a Repurposed Antibiotic against Methicillin-Resistant with Limited Resistance Development.

Exploring novel antimicrobial drugs and strategies has become essential to the fight MRSA-associated infections. Herein, we found that membrane-disrupted repurposed antibiotic salifungin had excellent bactericidal activity against MRSA, with limited development of drug resistance. Furthermore, adding salifungin effectively decreased the minimum inhibitory concentrations of clinical antibiotics against .

Inhibition of CISD1 attenuates cisplatin-induced hearing loss in mice via the PI3K and MAPK pathways.

Cisplatin is an effective chemotherapeutic drug for different cancers, but it also causes severe and permanent hearing loss. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in cochlear hair cells (HCs) have been shown to be important in the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced hearing loss (CIHL). CDGSH iron sulfur domain 1 (CISD1, also known as mitoNEET) plays a critical role in mitochondrial oxidative capacity and cellular bioenergetics.

Development of a time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay kit for detecting canine coronavirus and parvovirus through double labeling.

Objective: Canine enteric coronavirus (CCV) and canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) are the main pathogens responsible for acute gastroenteritis in dogs, and both single and mixed infections are common. This study aimed to establish a double-labeling time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA) to test and distinguish CCV and CPV-2 diseases.

Methods: A sandwich double-labeling TRFIA method was established and optimized using europium(III) (Eu)/samarium(III) (Sm) chelates.

EvfG is a multi-function protein located in the Type VI secretion system for ExPEC.

The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) functions as a protein transport nanoweapon in several stages of bacterial life. Even though bacterial competition is the primary function of T6SS, different bacteria exhibit significant variations. Particularly in Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), research into T6SS remains relatively limited.

Evaluation of aphid resistance on different rose cultivars and transcriptome analysis in response to aphid infestation.

Background: The rose is one of the most important ornamental flowers in the world for its aesthetic beauty but can be attacked by many pests such as aphids. Aphid infestation causes tremendous damage on plant tissues leading to harmed petals and leaves. Rose cultivars express different levels of resistance to aphid infestation yet the information remains unclear.

Analysis of differences in microorganisms and aroma profiles between normal and off-flavor pit mud in Chinese strong-flavor Baijiu.

The unique cellar fermentation process of Chinese strong-flavor Baijiu is the reason for its characteristic cellar aroma flavor. The types, abundance, community structure and metabolic activity of microorganisms in the pit mud directly affect the microbial balance in the white spirit production environment, promoting the formation of typical aromas and influencing the quality of CFSB. During the production process, the production of off-flavor in the cellar may occur.

Simultaneous Detection of Prolactin and Growth Hormone Using a Dual-label Time-resolved Fluorescence Immunoassay.

Prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) are two important hormones secreted by the pituitary gland, and their abnormal levels are often related to disease status. This study aimed to establish a new dual-label time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA) to quantitatively measure PRL and GH levels in serum. A sandwich TRFIA was optimized and established: anti-PRL/GH antibodies immobilized on 96-well plates captured PRL/GH and then banded together with anti-PRL/GH paired antibodies labeled with europium(III) (Eu)/samarium(III) (Sm) chelates.

Antibacterial efficacy and mechanism of Cyprinus carpio chemokine-derived L-10 against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli infections.

Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance has raised concerns regarding untreatable infections and poses a growing threat to public health. Rational design of new AMPs is an ideal solution to this threat.

Methods: In this study, we designed, modified, and synthesised an excellent AMP, L-10, based on the original sequence of the Cyprinus carpio chemokine.

Development of a fluorescence immunochromatography method for quantitative measurement of matrix metalloproteinase-9.

Objective: Abnormal serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels are closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases. This study aimed to establish a fluorescence immunochromatography (FIC) method using the lanthanide fluorescent element europium(III) (Eu) for the quantitative measurement of MMP-9 in serum.

Design & Methods: The FIC method for quantifying MMP-9 was optimized and established, and the FIC test strips (FICTS) were assembled and subsequently evaluated for sensitivity, specificity and precision.

Systemic neutrophils are triggered by respiratory Bacillus Calmette- Guérin and mediate pulmonary mycobacterial clearance in synergy with the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1.

Tuberculosis remains a threat to public health. The only approved vaccine, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), is administered intradermally and provides limited protection, and its effect on innate immunity via the respiratory route has not been fully elucidated. A mouse model with genetically depleted TREM1 and seven-color flow cytometry staining were used to characterize the comprehensive immune response induced by respiratory BCG, through evaluating organ bacterial loads, lung histopathology, and lung immunohistochemistry.

Repurposing an Antioxidant to Kill by Targeting the 50S Subunit of the Ribosome.

Tuberculosis and drug-resistant TB remain serious threats to global public health. It is urgent to develop novel anti-TB drugs in order to control it. In addition to redesigning and developing new anti-TB drugs, drug repurposing is also an innovative way to develop antibacterial drugs.

Aristolochia mimics stink bugs to repel vertebrate herbivores via TRPA1 activation.

Mimicry is the phenomenon in which one species (the mimic) closely resembles another (the model), enhancing its own fitness by deceiving a third party into interacting with it as if it were the model. In plants, mimicry is used primarily to gain fitness by withholding rewards from mutualists or deterring herbivores cost-effectively. While extensive work has been documented on putative defence mimicry, limited investigation has been conducted in the field of chemical mimicry.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Lipoxygenase Genes in Rose ().

Lipoxygenases (LOX) play pivotal roles in plant resistance to stresses. However, no study has been conducted on gene identification at the whole genome scale in rose (). In this study, a total of 17 RcLOX members were identified in the rose genome.

Canagliflozin Inhibited the Activity of Hemolysin and Reduced the Inflammatory Response Caused by .

Highly virulent () infections can cause Streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSLS) in pigs and humans, in which an excessive inflammatory response causes severe damage. Hemolysin (SLY) is a major virulence factor of serotype 2 that produces pores in the target cell membrane, leading to cytoplasmic K efflux and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, ultimately causing STSLS. The critical aspect of hemolysin in the pathogenesis of type 2 makes it an attractive target for the development of innovative anti-virulence drugs.

Determination of serum CA724 levels using fluorescence immunochromatography.

Background: Carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724) is a sensitive and specific indicator for multiple malignant tumors. The aim of this study was to establish a Eu-time resolved fluorescence immunochromatography (Eu-TRFICO) method for quantitative detection of CA724 in serum.

Methods: Eu-TRFICO strips were optimized and assembled.

Simultaneously Enhanced Thermostability and Catalytic Activity of Xylanase from L2001 by Rigidifying Flexible Regions in Loop Regions of the N-Terminus.

The GH11 xylanase XynA from L2001 has favorable hydrolytic properties. However, its poor thermal stability hinders its widespread application in industry. In this study, mutants Mut1 and Mut2 were constructed by rationally combining the mutations YHDGYF, AP/SP, and GP.

Effectors of the Type VI Secretion System Have the Potential to Be Modified into Antimicrobial Peptides.

The use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, and there is an urgent need to find alternative treatments to alleviate this pressure. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a protein delivery system present in bacterial cells that secretes effectors that participate in bacterial virulence. Given the potential for the transformation of these effectors into antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), we designed T6SS effectors into AMPs that have a membrane-disrupting effect.

d-Band Center of Rare Earth Oxides Determines Biotransformation-Induced Cell Membrane Damage.

Biotransformation of rare earth oxide (REO) nanoparticles on biological membranes may trigger a series of adverse health effects in biosystems. However, the physicochemical mechanism of the complicated biotransformation behavior remains elusive. By investigating the distinctly different biotransformation behavior of two typical REOs (GdO and CeO) on erythrocyte membranes, we demonstrate that dephosphorylation by stripping phosphate from phospholipids correlates highly with the membrane destructive effects of REOs.

Genome-wide association analysis reveals the optimal genomic regions for pod size in bean.

The snap bean is the most commonly grown vegetable legume worldwide, and its pod size is both an important yield and appearance quality trait. However, the improvement of pod size in snap beans grown in China has been largely hindered by a lack of information on the specific genes that determine pod size. In this study, we identified 88 snap bean accessions and evaluated their pod size traits.