Use of common cardiovascular disease drugs and risk of dementia: A case-control study in Swedish national register data.

Introduction: Cardiovascular drug use may help prevent dementia; however, current evidence is mixed. Using a case-control design, we investigated the association between duration and combination of multiple cardiovascular drug classes and incident dementia.

Methods: From the Swedish national registers, we included 88,065 incident dementia cases aged ≥ 70 at diagnosis between 2011 and 2016 and 880,650 age- and sex-matched controls.

Food Insecurity, Vision Impairment, and Longitudinal Risk of Frailty and Falls in The National Health and Aging Trends Study.

Background: Both food insecurity (FI) and vision impairment (VI), which are linked, have been independently associated with frailty and falls.

Objectives: Understand how FI and VI may together contribute to frailty and fall risk could improve insight into these growing public health challenges.

Design, Setting, Participants, Measurements: This study included 5,963 participants aged 65 and older enrolled in the National Health and Aging Trends Study.

Financial and numerical abilities: patterns of dissociation in neurological and psychiatric diseases.

The present work investigates whether financial abilities can be associated with numerical abilities and with general cognitive abilities. We compared performance on numerical and financial tests, and on tests routinely used to measure general cognitive performance, in healthy controls and in a group of people with heterogeneous pathological conditions including mild cognitive impairment, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and schizophrenia. Patients showed lower performances in both numerical and financial abilities compared to controls.

Influence of stress resilience in adolescence on long-term risk of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis among men: A prospective register-based cohort study in Sweden.

Background: Although stress is considered to be a negative factor for psoriasis, no convincing scientific evidence of this association exists, largely because of difficulties in measuring stress. Stress resilience is the ability to cope with and adapt to stressful events. Stress resilience can be measured in a standardized way and used as a marker for chronic stress.

Behavioral and dysexecutive variant of Alzheimer's disease: Insights from structural and molecular imaging studies.

Frontal variant Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifests with either behavioral or dysexecutive syndromes. Recent efforts to gain a deeper understanding of this phenotype have led to a re-conceptualization of frontal AD. Behavioral (bAD) and dysexecutive (dAD) phenotypes could be considered subtypes, as suggested by both clinical and neuroimaging studies.

Characterizing the Individuals Who Regain or Maintain Walking Ability after a Hip Fracture: Insights Into Physical Resilience.

Objectives: Maintaining walking ability is key to healthy aging. Hip fractures often lead to declined walking ability. This study investigated characteristics of individuals who regained walking ability after a hip fracture, an expression of physical resilience.

A short length of hospital stay is not associated with risk of readmission among hip fracture patients - a Swedish national register-based cohort study.

Background: Hospital length of stay (LoS) after a hip fracture likely mirrors health status; however, a too short hospitalization might increase the risk of readmission. In this national register-based study, we investigated the association between LoS after a hip fracture and the risk of readmissions.

Methods: 73,551 patients with a first hip fracture between 2012 and 2019 were followed for 4 months after discharge.

Population frailty trends by education and income levels over a period of 30 years: findings from Swedish registry data.

Background: Frailty is an age-related health condition affecting an estimated 18% of older adults in Europe and past evidence has shown a relationship between socioeconomic factors and frailty. We examined population frailty trends and the association between frailty and 5-year mortality by education tertiles and income quartiles at ages 75, 85 and 95 in Swedish registry data.

Methods: All Swedish residents born in 1895-1945 and in the Total Population Register from 1990 to 2020 were included.

Risk of All-Cause Dementia, Alzheimer Disease, and Vascular Dementia in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Longitudinal Register-Based Study.

Background And Objectives: Now more than two-thirds of cancer survivors are aged 65 years or older, but evidence about their long-term health is thin. Cancer and its treatments have been linked to accelerated aging, so there is a concern that aging cancer survivors have an increased risk of age-related diseases, including dementia.

Methods: We examined the risk of dementia among 5-year breast cancer survivors using a matched cohort study design.

Subjective Sleep Quality as it Relates to Cognitive and Physical Function in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Patients.

Sleep quality and its association with cognition has been widely studied in some neurodegenerative diseases, but less is known about this association in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). In adult SMA (n = 21) patients and age-matched controls (n = 23), we assessed subjectively measured sleep quality and daytime somnolence. Cognition was assessed with a multi-domain neuropsychological battery.

Time trends in atrial fibrillation-related stroke during 2001-2020 in Sweden: a nationwide, observational study.

Background: Great efforts have been made to improve stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Meanwhile, incidence of AF is increasing, which may affect the share of AF-related stroke on all strokes. We aimed to examine the temporal trends in the incidence of AF-related ischemic stroke between 2001 and 2020, if it varied by use of novel oral anticoagulant drugs (NOAC), and if the relative risk of ischemic stroke associated with AF changed over time.

Association of common infections with cognitive performance in the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area study follow-up.

Introduction: Growing evidence suggests that some common infections are causally associated with cognitive impairment; however, less is known about the burden of multiple infections.

Methods: We investigated the cross-sectional association of positive antibody tests for herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), varicella zoster virus (VZV), and Toxoplasma gondii (TOX) with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and delayed verbal recall performance in 575 adults aged 41-97 from the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study.

Results: In multivariable-adjusted zero-inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression models, positive antibody tests for CMV (p = .

Food Insufficiency, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Status, and 9-Year Trajectory of Cognitive Function in Older Adults: The Longitudinal National Health and Aging Trends Study, 2012-2020.

Background: Despite findings from cross-sectional studies, how food insecurity experience/Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) status relates to cognitive decline over time has not been fully understood.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations between food insecurity/SNAP status and cognitive function in older adults (≥65 y).

Methods: Longitudinal data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study 2012-2020 were analyzed (n = 4578, median follow-up years = 5 y).

Translation and Validation of the Self-Assessment Psoriasis Area Severity Index.

Background: The self-assessment psoriasis area severity index (SAPASI) is a patient-administered psoriasis assessment tool for which we present a validated translation from English to Swedish.

Methods: Validity was evaluated in this single-centre study using the psoriasis area severity index (PASI) as the standard. Test-retest reliability was assessed using repeated SAPASI measurements.

Frailty Among Breast Cancer Survivors: Evidence From Swedish Population Data.

Incidence and survival of breast cancer, the most common cancer among women, have been increasing, leaving survivors at risk of aging-related health conditions. In this matched cohort study, we examined frailty risk with the Hospital Frailty Risk Score among breast cancer survivors (n = 34,900) and age-matched comparison subjects (n = 290,063). Women born in 1935-1975, registered in the Swedish Total Population Register (1991-2015), were eligible for inclusion.

How both positive and burdensome caregiver experiences are associated with care recipient cognitive performance: Evidence from the National Health and Aging Trends Study and National Study of Caregiving.

Introduction: Being an informal caregiver to a person with chronic disease, including persons living with dementia (PLWD), is a big role to take on and many caregivers experience both substantial burden and emotional reward related to caregiving. Care recipient factors (e.g.

The pollutome-connectome axis: a putative mechanism to explain pollution effects on neurodegeneration.

The study of pollutant effects is extremely important to address the epochal challenges we are facing, where world populations are increasingly moving from rural to urban centers, revolutionizing our world into an urban world. These transformations will exacerbate pollution, thus highlighting the necessity to unravel its effect on human health. Epidemiological studies have reported that pollution increases the risk of neurological diseases, with growing evidence on the risk of neurodegenerative disorders.

Positive Aspects of Caregiving Are Associated With Lower Risk of Frailty and Sleep Disruption in the National Study of Caregiving.

Background And Objectives: Older adult caregivers have compounded risk for adverse health outcomes; however, evidence investigating the association between caregiving and frailty has been limited. In the National Study of Caregiving (NSOC), we examined the cross-sectional association between caregiving experiences and frailty and sleep disruption.

Research Design And Methods: We included 621 caregivers aged 65 and older from the 2011 NSOC round.

Trends in Frailty Between 1990 and 2020 in Sweden Among 75-, 85-, and 95-Year-Old Women and Men: A Nationwide Study from Sweden.

Background: Aging is the primary risk factor for frailty, which is defined as an inability to respond to acute or chronic stressors. Individuals are living longer with greater multimorbidity, but there is a paucity of evidence examining frailty across birth cohorts and ages.

Methods: We investigated frailty prevalence and its association with mortality at ages 75, 85, and 95 in the 1895-1945 birth cohorts in Sweden with data from population registries.

Lipid levels in midlife and risk of atrial fibrillation over 3 decades-Experience from the Swedish AMORIS cohort: A cohort study.

Background: The role of cholesterol levels in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF) is still controversial. In addition, whether and to what extent apolipoproteins are associated with the risk of AF is rarely studied. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between blood lipid levels in midlife and subsequent risk of new-onset AF.

Cognitive profiles and clinical factors in type III spinal muscular atrophy: a preliminary study.

Cognitive abilities are often affected in progressive neurodegenerative disorders, but there is a lack of understanding about whether spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients experience cognitive deficits and, if so, whether they are associated with clinical factors. A sample of 22 type III SMA patients and 22 healthy controls completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, including tests in memory, executive function, language, visuospatial, and global cognitive functioning. Clinical severity was assessed using the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale, the Revised Upper Limb Module and the Six Minute Walk Test.

Unravelling reasons for variability in the OECD 306 marine biodegradation test.

The recommended test for assessing if a chemical can be biodegraded in the marine environment is performed according to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Marine biodegradation test guideline (OECD 306). However, this test is known to generate highly variable test results when comparing interlaboratory test results for the same compound. One reason can be the relatively low bacterial content compared to the inoculum used for OECD readily biodegradation tests (OECD 301).

Questionnaire and tools: clinical powerful instrument in acromegaly diagnosis and management.

Purpose: Acromegaly is a rare chronic disease characterized by systemic comorbidity and reduced quality of life. Although achieving biochemical control has always been the primary goal of acromegaly therapy, recent evidence has shown that the traditional assessment does not adequately capture the complexity of symptoms and patients' perception. These findings result in the need to improve a fast decision-making process of the clinician, who should not only take into account biochemical-instrumental criteria, but also patients' symptoms.