Effects of three pro-nuclei (3PN) incidence on laboratory and clinical outcomes after early rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection (rescue-ICSI): an analysis of a 5-year period.

Objectives: We aimed to explore the effect of three pro-nuclei (3PN) incidence on laboratory and clinical outcomes after early rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection (rescue-ICSI).

Methods: This study included 509 early rescue-ICSI cycles from February 2014 to February 2019. The patients were divided into 3PN = 0% (394 cycles) and 3PN > 0% (115 cycles) group.

Unusual diffusion in a quasi-two-dimensional granular gas.

We have studied diffusion in a quasi-two-dimensional granular gas composed of plastic balls confined in a vertically vibrating thin box. The horizontal motion of the balls in the box is found to follow the Langevin equation with the top and bottom of the box acting on the balls with a viscous drag like that in a fluid. Surprisingly, we find that both the granular temperature and the diffusion constant increase with the number of balls (N) in the box for small N .