World J Gastrointest Oncol
January 2025
In this editorial, we comment on the article by Mu , published in the recent issue of the . We pay special attention to the immune tolerance mechanism caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the role of antiviral therapy in treating HCC related to HBV infection. HBV infection leads to systemic innate immune tolerance by directly inhibiting pattern recognition receptor recognition and antiviral signaling pathways, as well as by inhibiting the immune functions of macrophages, natural killer cells and dendritic cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe focus on hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced cirrhosis, global differences, and the evolution of antiviral treatment strategies. Chronic HBV (CHB) infection affects more than 250 million people globally, leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this article was to synthesize the current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical consequences of HBV-induced cirrhosis, and explore differences in disease progression between geographic regions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this editorial, we comment on the article by Mei . Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe inflammatory subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with pathological features including steatosis, hepatocellular damage, and varying degrees of fibrosis. With the epidemic of metabolic diseases and obesity, the prevalence of NAFLD in China has increased, and it is now similar to that in developed countries; thus, NAFLD has become a major chronic liver disease in China.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the top five cancer-related causes of mortality globally. Acquired resistance has hindered the effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the main chemotherapeutic drug used to treat CRC. Sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) may be a cancer treatment target and involved in 5-FU resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurrent hemostatic materials have many shortcomings, such as biotoxicity or poor degradability, and do not effectively promote wound healing after hemostasis. To address these limitations, a hemostasis-promoting wound-healing hydrogel, polyglutamic acid/polyethyleneimine/montmorillonite (PPM), comprising polyglutamic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde-modified polyethyleneimine, and amino-modified montmorillonite (montmorillonite-NH) was constructed in this study. Due to the excellent water absorption abilities of γ-polyglutamic acid, the PPM and polyglutamic acid/polyethyleneimine hydrogels could rapidly absorb the blood and tissue fluid exuded from the wound to keep the wound clean and accelerate the blood coagulation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA bicyclic pyrone-type species on oxygen-doped carbon catalysts was identified as the active site for the oxygen reduction reaction in acidic solution. It has much higher activity than that of typical nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts (0.219 s site 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Emerging evidence suggests that metabolism plays important roles in the initiation and progression of colon cancer (CC) and the outcomes of CC patients. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) are key regulators of regulatory molecules linking to a wide variety of cancer cellular functions. This study aims to develop a metabolic lncRNA signature to help better predict prognosis for CC patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Opioid-tolerant patients are more likely to deviate from recommended treatments and to experience inadequate analgesia than opioid-naive ones. The aim of this study was to examine whether pharmacist-led management could help improve treatment adherence and quality of life.
Methods: Eligible patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to control group and intervention group.
Background: Recent studies have found that programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) might be involved in chemotherapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Arsenic sulfide (As S ) has been recognized to have antitumor activities and enhance the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapy drugs. In this study, we aimed to verify the relationship between PD-L1 and cisplatin (DDP) resistance and identify whether As S could reverse DDP resistance through targeting PD-L1 in NSCLC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Programmed cell death 1 or programmed cell death ligand 1 inhibitor (PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor) and docetaxel, as the standard second-line treatments of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, have limited effects. There are few studies on whether docetaxel combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor can increase the efficacy and make patients better benefit. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of docetaxel combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor for the second-line treatment of stage IV NSCLC patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Solid tumor hypoxic conditions prevent the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the formation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) induced by ionizing radiation, which ultimately contributes to radiotherapy (RT) resistance. Recently, there have been significant technical advances in nanomedicine to reduce hypoxia by facilitating in situ O production, which in turn serves as a "radiosensitizer" to increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to ionizing radiation. However, off-target damage to the tumor-surrounding healthy tissue by high-energy radiation is often unavoidable, and tumor cells that are further away from the focal point of ionizing radiation may avoid damage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo investigate the effects of dihydroartemisinin combined with fluconazole against and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Checkerboard microdilution assay and time-kill curve method were employed to evaluate the static and dynamic antifungal effects against . Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by a fluorescent probe.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: Candida albicans is a yeast that causes fungal infections with high mortality and is typically resistant to azole drugs. To overcome this resistance, we explored the combined use of oridonin (ORI) and three azole drugs, namely fluconazole (FLC), itraconazole (ITR) and voriconazole (VOR). Azole-resistant C.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Scholars believe that COVID-19 can be particularly lethal for patients with cancer. Some studies found that COVID-19 appears to be more lethal in patients with lung cancer than in other cancer patients. In order to take appropriate measures to balance a delay in lung cancer treatment against the risk for a potential COVID-19 exposure, we first need to know whether patients with lung cancer have special risks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAberrant sphingolipid metabolism has been implicated in chemoresistance, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Herein we revealed a previously unrecognized mechanism of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance contributed by high SphK2-upregulated dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) in colorectal cancer (CRC), which is evidenced from human CRC specimens, animal models, and cancer cell lines. TMA samples from randomly selected 60 CRC specimens firstly identified the clinical correlation between high SphK2 and increased DPD (p < 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid, has been shown to mediate cancer processes. Therefore, accurate qualitative and quantitative determination is essential. The current assay method is still cumbersome to be of practical use worldwide and the aim of this study was therefore to develop a fast, accurate, precise and efficient LC-MS/MS method for targeted analyses of S1P in serum samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among males and the second leading cause among females worldwide. Numerous studies have linked estrogen status to lung cancer outcome. However, there are studies with conflicting results about the effect of ERβ on survival of lung cancer.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe resistance mechanisms that limit the efficacy of retinoid therapy in cancer are poorly understood. Sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) is a highly conserved enzyme that is mainly located in the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum. Unlike well-studied sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) located in the cytosol, little has yet understood the functions of SphK2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh mobility group box 1 and toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88 signaling pathway have been indicated to have oncogenic effects in many cancers. However, the role of high mobility group box 1/toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88 signaling pathway in the development of gastric cancer remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that high mobility group box 1, toll-like receptor 4, and myeloid differentiation factor 88 were overexpressed in gastric cancer tumors compared with the adjacent non-tumor tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe activation of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis is associated with potential progression of cancer, such as invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance. However, the underlying mechanisms of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis and cancer progression have been poorly explored. We hypothesized that miRNAs might be critical downstream mediators of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis involved in cancer invasion and chemoresistance in CRC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMyricetin is a natural dietary flavonoid compound. We evaluated the efficacy of myricetin against intestinal tumorigenesis in adenomatous polyposis coli multiple intestinal neoplasia (APCMin/+) mice. Myricetin was given orally once a day for 12 consecutive weeks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Several staging systems have been developed to evaluate patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including the China Staging System (CS), the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system, and seventh edition; the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system, and Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) staging system. The optimal staging system for to evaluate patients in China with HCC has not been determined. This study was designed to determine the optimal staging system for predicting patient prognosis by comparing the performances of these four staging systems in a cohort of Chinese patients with HCC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDespite significant progress, advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains an incurable disease, and the overall efficacy of targeted therapy by Sorafenib remains moderate. We hypothesized that DCP (des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin), a prothrombin precursor produced in HCC, might be one of the reasons linked to the low efficacy of Sorafenib. We evaluated the efficacy of Sorafenib in HLE and SK-Hep cells, both of which are known DCP-negative HCC cell lines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTamoxifen (TAM) and fulvestrant (FUL) represent the major adjuvant therapy to estrogen receptor-alpha positive (ER(+)) breast cancer patients. However, endocrine resistance to TAM and FUL is a great impediment for successful treatment. We hypothesized that miR-21 might alter the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to TAM or FUL by regulating cell autophagy.
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