LKB1 regulates autophagy through AMPK/TOR signaling pathway to alleviate the damage caused by Vibrio alginolyticus infection.

LKB1 (liver kinase B1) is a key upstream kinase of AMPK and plays an important role in various cellular activities. While the function and mechanism of LKB1 have been widely reported in the study of tumor, there are few reports on its role in bacterial infectious diseases, especially in shrimp. In the present study, molecular characterization revealed that LvLKB1 has an open reading frame (ORF) of 1266 bp encoding 421 amino acids with a molecular weight of about 48 KDa, including the kinase region, N-terminal regulatory domain and C-terminal regulatory domain.

Effects of dietary Ginkgo biloba leaf extract on growth performance, immunity and environmental stress tolerance of Penaeus vannamei.

Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBE) has been extensively used in the treatment of diseases due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. In aquaculture, GBE is widely used as a feed additive, which is important to enhance the immunity of aquatic animals. The current study evaluated the effects of adding GBE to the diet of Penaeus vannamei (P.

MYC drives autophagy to adapt to stress in Penaeus vannamei.

MYC proto-oncogene (MYC), a first oncogenic nuclear transcription factor isolated from the human genome, belongs to the helix loop helix/leucine zipper protein family (bHLHzip). MYC plays an important part in the process of various physiological and biochemical of vertebrate, such as cell growth, proliferation, cycle, and autophagy. However, its molecular regulation mechanism and function in invertebrates are still unclear.

Transcriptome analysis of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) hepatopancreas challenged by Vibrio alginolyticus reveals lipid metabolic disturbance.

Vibrio alginolyticus is a devastating bacterial pathogen of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), which often causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome (AHPNS) and early mortality syndrome (EMS). Elucidation of molecular mechanisms of L. vannamei in responding to infection is essential for controlling the epidemic.

Integrative analysis of the miRNA-mRNA regulation network in hemocytes of Penaeus vannamei following Vibrio alginolyticus infection.

Penaeus vannamei is an important cultured shrimp that has high commercial value in the worldwide. However, the industry suffers heavy economic losses each year due to disease outbreaks caused by pathogenic bacteria. In the present study, after Vibrio alginolyticus infection, DNA damage in the hemocytes of the shrimp markedly increased, and autophagy and apoptosis increased significantly.

TBC domain family 7-like enhances the tolerance of Penaeus vannamei to ammonia nitrogen by the up-regulation of autophagy.

TBC domain family 7 (TBC1D7) is one of the subunits of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and an important regulator of autophagosome biogenesis. However, the function of TBC1D7 is not fully understood in crustaceans. In the present study, TBC1D7 was identified from Penaeus vannamei.

Ficus hirta Vahl. promotes antioxidant enzyme activity under ammonia stress by inhibiting miR-2765 expression in Penaeus vannamei.

Ficus hirta Vahl. has been reported to have hepatoprotective, antitumor, antibacterial functions, and is used to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Ammonia nitrogen is one of the most common environmental stress factors in aquaculture.

Pva-miR-252 participates in ammonia nitrogen-induced oxidative stress by modulating autophagy in Penaeus vannamei.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical post-transcriptional regulators, which play a crucial role in resistance to adverse environmental stress by regulating autophagy. However, the mechanism of miRNA involved in the autophagy regulation of shrimp under ammonia nitrogen stress is still limited. In the present study, ammonia nitrogen could induce hepatopancreas injury and oxidative stress of P.

Determining the function of LvSmad3 on Litopenaeus vannamei in response to acute low temperature stress.

Smad3 is a key mediator of the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway and plays an important role in TGF-β1-mediated transcriptional regulation. However, the function of Smad3 in crustaceans such as shrimp, is still poorly understood and needs to be further explored. We characterized Litopenaeus vannamei Smad3 (LvSmad3) and its biological functions were investigated in response low temperature stress.

Potential roles for microRNAs in facilitating physiological adaptation to low-temperature stress in Penaeus vannamei.

Water temperature is one of the most common physiological stressors in aquaculture. Previous studies demonstrate that organisms require miRNA activity for survival in various unfavourable environmental conditions. However, the detailed role of miRNA in response to low-temperature stress is still unclear.

miR-151 Affects Low-Temperature Tolerance of by Modulating Autophagy Under Low-Temperature Stress.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in many physiologic and pathologic processes, including autophagy. Autophagy is cellular in an emergency response mechanism of environment stress, but their complex molecular regulatory mechanism under low-temperature stress is largely unknown in shrimp, especially miRNA-mediated regulation of autophagy in low-temperature tolerance. In this article, a shrimp and miRNA pva-miR-151 cooperation in response to low-temperature stress has been reported.

A Litopenaeus vannamei p70S6K gene is involved in the antioxidative and apoptosis under low temperature.

p70S6K is involved in cellular response, such as tumor metastases, the immune response and tissue repair in vertebrates. The role of p70S6K in these physiological processes in crustaceans remains, however, unknown. In this study, the Lvp70S6K was identified, containing a 5' UTR of 294 bp, an ORF of 1494 bp ad a 3' UTR of 211 bp, encoding 497 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight of 70 kDa and an estimated isoelectric point of (pI) of 5.

Influence of potential inhalation carriers on stability of thymopentin in rat bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

In the present study, the stability of thymopentin (TP5) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in presence of potential excipients in inhalation formulation was investigated. The content of TP5 was determined using HPLC method. Commonly used bulking agent, dispersibility enhancers and absorption enhancers in inhalation were investigated with respect to the stability of TP5 in BALF.

A stable and practical etoposide-containing intravenous long-/medium-chain triglycerides-based lipid emulsion formulation: pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, toxicity, and antitumor efficacy.

Objectives: This work aimed to evaluate pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, toxicity, and antitumor activities of a highly stable long-/medium-chain triglycerides (LCT/MCT)-based etoposide parenteral emulsion (EPE) in comparison to etoposide parenteral solution (EPS).

Methods: Using high-pressure homogenization method, EPE was prepared and sterilized at 121°C for 10 min by autoclaving. The biological samples were analyzed using the UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method.

Enhancement by sodium caprate and sodium deoxycholate of the gastrointestinal absorption of berberine chloride in rats.

The aim of the investigation was to compare the effectiveness of two absorption enhancers, sodium caprate (C10) and sodium deoxycholate (SDC), in increasing the bioavailability of a poorly absorbed paracellar flux drug, berberine chloride, across the intestinal mucosae of rats in vivo, together with examination of their effects on mucosal damage. In addition, all four intestinal segments were collected after administration of the enhancers and sodium saline. The results of the bioavailability experiments showed the oral absorption of berberine chloride was poor and both C10 and SDC could significantly improve the very poor absorption of berberine chloride.