Improved survival associated with acetate-free haemodialysis in elderly: a registry-based study.

Background: Acetate-free dialysis (AFD) improves haemodynamic stability during dialysis, compared with standard haemodialysis (HD) with a small amount of acetic acid. Using the national REIN registry, we classified 15 160 incident patients who started HD from 2008 to 2010 into three exposure categories according to the type of dialysate used in their dialysis unit: standard dialysate only (reference), both standard and AFD (mixed unit) or HCl dialysate only (100% HCl unit).

Methods: Cox survival analysis was adjusted for 15 baseline comorbidities, laboratory data and haemodiafiltration (HDF).

Parents' behavior in response to infant crying: abusive head trauma education.

Abusive head trauma (AHT) is still too common, and probably underestimated. It is the leading cause of death from child abuse. Crying is thought to contribute to the act of shaking.