Composition of the isopropanol-soluble portion and fast pyrolysis product distribution of the insoluble part from Pakistani lignite.

Pakistani lignite (PLC) was thermally dissolved at 300 °C using isopropanol (IPA) to obtain a soluble portion (SP) and insoluble portion (ISP). Proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) results were compared to explore the influence of the thermal dissolution process on the pyrolysis for PLC and ISP. Results showed that the thermal dissolution process mainly dissolved some light components of low-rank coal, and more phenols, aldehydes, esters and ethers were found in the SP, indicating that low-carbon alcohols can break the ether bridge bond in coal and generate oxygen-containing organic compounds (OCOCs).

Composition Distribution of the Thermal Soluble Organics from Naomaohu Lignite and Structural Characteristics of the Corresponding Insoluble Portions.

With cyclohexane (CH), benzene (BE), and ethyl acetate (EA) as solvents, Naomaohu lignite (NL, a typical oil-rich, low-rank coal) from Hami, Xinjiang, was thermally dissolved (TD) to obtain three types of soluble organics (NL, NL, and NL) and the corresponding insoluble portions (NL, NL, and NL). Ultimate analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were used to characterize NL and its soluble and insoluble portions. Results showed that, compared with NL, the C element in NL, NL, and NL increased, while the O element decreased significantly, indicating that thermal dissolution is a carbon enrichment process and an effective deoxidation method.

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of the Phytic Acid Content in Fuzzy Cottonseed Based on Machine Learning Algorithms.

Cottonseed is rich in oil and protein. However, its antinutritional factor content, of phytic acid (PA), has limited its utilization. Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, combined with chemometrics, is an efficient and eco-friendly analytical technique for crop quality analysis.

Characteristics of the Blockage from Air Nozzle Guide Duct in Circulating the Fluidized-Bed Coal Gasifier and Its Formation Mechanism.

Blockage is often generated in the air nozzle guide duct in a circulating fluidized-bed coal gasifier (CFBG), especially with Zhundong sub-bituminous coal (ZSBC) as the raw material. A typical example is found in one CFBG sample from Xinjiang Yihua Chemical Industry Co, Ltd. The serious blockage can be observed obviously.

Effect of Solvent Treatment on the Composition and Structure of Santanghu Long Flame Coal and Its Rapid Pyrolysis Products.

Easily soluble organic components in Santanghu long flame coal (SLFC) from Hami (Xinjiang, China) were separated by CS and acetone mixed solvent (/ = 1:1) under ultrasonic condition, and the extract residue was stratified by carbon tetrachloride to obtain the light raffinate component (SLFC-L). The effect of solvent treatment on the composition and structure of the coal and its rapid pyrolysis products was analyzed. Solvent treatment can reduce the moisture content in coal from 9.

Effect of Kaolin on the Thermal Conversion Performance of Zhundong Sub-bituminous Coal.

In order to investigate how kaolin affects the structure and thermal conversion performance of Zhundong sub-bituminous coal (ZSBC), this study focused on analyzing the pyrolysis, combustion, and gasification of both ZSBC and a mixture of kaolin and Zhundong sub-bituminous coal (ZSBC-K) using the TG-DTG technique. The findings demonstrated that the addition of kaolin enhanced the pyrolysis and combustion performance of ZSBC-K. To explain the above phenomena, the composition and structure of char from ZSBC and ZSBC-K were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (Raman), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Investigation on the Composition and Extraction Mechanism of the Soluble Species from Oily Sludge by Solvent Extraction.

Oily sludge (OS) was extracted with petroleum ether (PE), methanol, carbon disulfide (CDS), acetone, and isometric CDS/acetone mixture (IMCDSAM), respectively, to obtain soluble species (E-E) and extraction residues (R-R). The soluble species were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and the extraction residues were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results showed that the extract yield of the soluble species from OS using CDS and IMCDSAM as the solvent was 61.

Copyrolysis and Cocombustion Performance of Karamay Oily Sludge and Zhundong Subbituminous Coal.

Karamay oily sludge (KOS), Zhundong subbituminous coal (ZSBC), and their equal mass mixture ( ) were selected as the research samples, and composition characteristics and pyrolysis performance of KOS, ZSBC, and its mixture were investigated by means of various analytical methods. Results showed that yields of fixed carbon and volatile matter from ZSBC are higher than those from KOS, and the content of moisture in ZSBC is also higher; most of the components in KOS are inorganic minerals, with the ash yield of 71.4%, and the fixed carbon yield of nearly 0.

Pyrolysis Kinetic Analysis of Sequential Extract Residues from Hefeng Subbituminous Coal Based on the Coats-Redfern Method.

Sequential extract residues (R , = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) were obtained from Hefeng acid-washing coal (HF) by petroleum ether, carbon disulfide, methanol, acetone, and isometric carbon disulfide/acetone mixture, sequentially. Pyrolysis behavior of the residues was determined using thermogravimetry analysis. The Coats-Redfern method with different reaction orders was used to analyze the pyrolysis kinetic of each sample, and the kinetic parameters, including correlation coefficient ( ), activation energy (), and pre-exponential factor (), were calculated.

Analysis of Pyrolysis Performance and Molecular Structure of Five Kinds of Low-Rank Coals in Xinjiang Based on the TG-DTG Method.

Taking five coal samples (FCSs) in Xinjiang as the research object, characterizations such as proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTG) were carried out. The Coats-Redfern model was used to simulate pyrolysis kinetics of FCSs under different reaction orders (ROs). The results showed that except for HSBC, the of the other four coal samples are all higher than 0.

Functional Group Characteristics and Pyrolysis/Combustion Performance of Karamay OS Based on FT-IR and TG-DTG Analyses.

Proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis characterization were carried out on oily sludge (OS) samples OS1-OS5, from Karamay, Xinjiang, China. The Coast-Redfern model (CRm) was used to simulate the pyrolysis and combustion kinetics of oily samples. The results showed that the peak area percentage of benzene ring trisubstitution of OS5, in the range of 700-900 cm, is close to 75%, corresponding to its high volatile content.

Effect of the Nickel Source on the Structure, Performance, and Carbon Deposition of the Ni/AlO Catalyst for CO-CH Reforming.

Ni/AlO catalysts were prepared with Ni(NO)·6HO, NiSO·6HO, NiCl·6HO, and NiCHO·4HO as nickel sources by the solution combustion method. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, H temperature-programmed hydrogenation, TG-DTG, TPH, and transmission electron microscopy methods, and the effect of the nickel source on performance of the Ni/AlO catalyst was investigated via the CO-CH reforming experiment. Results showed that Ni dispersion, Ni size, and the metal-support interaction between active component Ni and the support were influenced significantly by anion in nickel sources, resulting in that the performance of each catalyst was different.

Effects of Promoters on the Structure, Performance, and Carbon Deposition of Ni-AlO Catalysts for CO-CH Reforming.

Modified Ni-AlO catalysts with Ca, Co, and Ce species as promoters were prepared by the combustion method, and the structure, morphology, reduction characteristic, and CO-CH reforming of the catalysts were discussed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), H-temperature-programmed reduction (H-TPR), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping, NH-temperature-programmed desorption (NH-TPD), N adsorption-desorption, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTG), and temperature-programmed hydrogenation (TPH) methods. The crystal size of Ni on Ca-Ni-AlO was 16.97 nm, and the active component and additive were distributed well in the catalyst.

Influence of Ni Precursors on the Structure, Performance, and Carbon Deposition of Ni-AlO Catalysts for CO Methanation.

Three Ni-AlO catalysts were prepared, in planetary ball-milling machine, by the mechanochemical method with Al(NO)·9HO as the aluminum precursor, (NH)CO as the precipitant, and Ni(NO)·6HO, NiCl·6HO, and Ni(CHCOO)·4HO as nickel precursors (the corresponding catalysts were labeled as Ni-NO, Ni-Cl, and Ni-Ac). The prepared catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed reduction (H-TPR), and N adsorption-desorption technologies, and CO methanation performance evaluation was carried out for the catalysts. Results showed that the catalyst with Ni(NO)·6HO as the precursor presented good Ni dispersibility and a small Ni grain size of 6.

Effect of Ca Promoter on the Structure, Performance, and Carbon Deposition of Ni-AlO Catalyst for CO-CH Reforming.

Ni-AlO catalyst with different Ca abundance for CO-CH reforming was prepared by the solution combustion method. By some mature characterization methods, such as XRD, H-TPR, EDX mapping, TEM, TPH and TG-DTG technologies, and the reforming experiment, the effect of Ca content on the structure, reforming performance, and carbon deposition of Ni-AlO catalyst was investigated. Results showed that the grain size of active component Ni on the 4 wt % Ca-modified catalyst (Ni-Ca-4) was small (13.

Sequential thermal dissolution of two low-rank coals and characterization of their structures by high-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Rationale: Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/TOF-MS) were used to separate and reveal the molecular characteristics of organic matter in low-rank coals.

Methods: Six soluble portions (SPs) were obtained by sequential thermal dissolution (TD) of two low-rank coals in the order of cyclohexane, acetone and methanol solvents at 300°C. Organic matter with different molecular characteristics were enriched in eachTD extract, which was further separated and analyzed by GC/MS and HPLC/TOF-MS using an electrospray ionization source in positive mode to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the structural composition of coals.

Effects of a forming process on the properties and structure of RANEY®-Ni catalysts for the hydrogenation of 1,4-butenediol.

Three commercial Ni-Al alloys formed by a vacuum atomization method (NAV), atmospheric atomization method (NAA) and high-temperature melting method (NAH) were leached by 10 wt% NaOH solution to prepare three RANEY®-Ni catalysts (RNAV, RNAA and RNAH, correspondingly). The effects of a forming process on the structure of Ni-Al alloys and the corresponding RANEY®-Ni catalysts were investigated XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, NH-TPD, N adsorption-desorption and EDX-mapping studies. Also, the as-prepared RANEY®-Ni catalysts were evaluated the hydrogenation of 1,4-butenediol (BED) to produce 1,4-butanediol (BDO).

Effects of calcination temperatures on the structure-activity relationship of Ni-La/AlO catalysts for syngas methanation.

A series of Ni-La/AlO catalysts for the syngas methanation reaction were prepared by a mechanochemical method and characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTA), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), N adsorption-desorption, H temperature-programmed reduction (H-TPR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The calcination temperatures (350-700 °C) had significant impacts on the crystallite sizes and interactions between NiO and AlO. The catalyst calcined at 400 °C (cat-400) showed a 12.