Research on the Prediction Method of Braking Rotation Angle for Remote-Controlled Excavator.

To calculate, analyze, and predict the rotation angle during the deceleration and braking process of large remote-controlled excavators, this article established a spatial coordinate system based on a simplified model of a hydraulic excavator's upper structure. Using the D-H parameter method, a mathematical model of the working device's center of gravity and its rotational inertia was established. Based on the characteristics of the excavator's hydraulic system and the relationship between brake torque variations, a prediction model was developed to forecast the stopping position (brake rotary angle) of the excavator's bucket after braking.

[Effect of electroacupuncture of "Hegu" (LI4) and "Zusanli" (ST36) on intestinal sensitivity and motility in irritable bowel syndrome rats].

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of "Hegu"(LI4) and "Zusanli"(ST36)on changes of intestinal sensitivity and colonic motility and expression of colonic 5-hydroxytryptamine 3A receptor (5-HTR) in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) rats, so as to reveal its mechanism underlying improvement of IBS.

Methods: A total of 40 neonatal Wistar rats were randomly and equally divided into normal control, model, LI4 and ST36 groups (＝10). The IBS model was induced by mother-infant separation, acetic acid enema and colorectal distension (CRD).

Spinal subpial delivery of AAV9 enables widespread gene silencing and blocks motoneuron degeneration in ALS.

Gene silencing with virally delivered shRNA represents a promising approach for treatment of inherited neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study we develop a subpial technique, which we show in adult animals successfully delivers adeno-associated virus (AAV) throughout the cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal cord, as well as brain motor centers. One-time injection at cervical and lumbar levels just before disease onset in mice expressing a familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-causing mutant SOD1 produces long-term suppression of motoneuron disease, including near-complete preservation of spinal α-motoneurons and muscle innervation.

‑Diketonate-Iron(III) Complex: A Versatile Fluorine-19 MRI Signal Enhancement Agent.

Fluorine-19 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gained considerable momentum as a promising imaging modality for in vivo tracking of cellular therapies and as a diagnostic for inflammatory disease. To further the utility of this technique, we increase imaging probe sensitivity by merging paramagnetic metal chelates with aqueous perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanoemulsions. We prepared a highly fluorinated ferric tris(-diketonate) chelate (MW = 1265.

Effect of Electroacupuncture at Different Acupoints on the Expression of NMDA Receptors in ACC and Colon in IBS Rats.

Objective: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at different acupoints on the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA receptor ) and behaviors in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) rats.

Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control group (blank group, n=10) and model preparation group (n=50); experimental rat model of IBS was established by the "neonatal maternal separation and acetic acid enema" combined with "colorectal distension stimulation" method. A total of 50 IBS rats were randomly assigned to five groups of 10 each: model group, Yintang (GV29) group, Neiguan (PC6) group, Tianshu (ST25) group, and Zusanli (ST36) group.

Fluorous-Soluble Metal Chelate for Sensitive Fluorine-19 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Nanoemulsion Probes.

Fluorine-19 MRI is an emerging cellular imaging approach, enabling lucid, quantitative "hot-spot" imaging with no background signal. The utility of F-MRI to detect inflammation and cell therapy products in vivo could be expanded by improving the intrinsic sensitivity of the probe by molecular design. We describe a metal chelate based on a salicylidene-tris(aminomethyl)ethane core, with solubility in perfluorocarbon (PFC) oils, and a potent accelerator of the F longitudinal relaxation time ( T).

[Comparison of effects of electroacupuncture at "Dachangshu" (BL 25) or "Tianshu" (ST 25) on visceral sensitivity, c-kit and TRPV1 of irritable bowel syndrome rats].

Objective: To compare the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at "Dachangshu" (BL 25) or "Tianshu" (ST 25) for visceral sensitivity, gene expression product c-kit of colonic Cajal interstitial cells (ICC) and capsaicin receptor 1 (TRPV1) of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) rats, so as to investigate the effect and mechanism differences of EA at the back point and the front point of large intestine for IBS rats.

Methods: Forty-two Wistar neonatal rats were randomly divided into a blank group (9 rats) and a model group (33 rats). IBS model was established with mother and child separation, acetic acid enema in young rats and colorectal dilatation method.

[Effect of Electroacupuncture at "Yintang" (GV 29) and "Tianshu" (ST 25) on the Ethology and the Expression of TRPV 1 Receptor in Colon of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Rats].

Objective: To observe the ethology and expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1(TRPV 1) in colon of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) rats treated by electroacupuncture (EA) at "Yintang" (GV 29) and "Tianshu" (ST 25), so as to explore the different effectiveness of different acupoints and its related mechanism underlying improvement of the symptoms of somatopsychic illness.

Methods: Thirty-two neonatal Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, Yintang (GV 29) group, and Tianshu (ST 25) group (=8 in each group). IBS model was established by neonatal maternal separation and acetic acid enema combined with colon and rectum expansion stimulation.

Invasive Breast Cancer Preferably and Predominantly Occurs at the Interface Between Fibroglandular and Adipose Tissue.

Background: Increasing evidence suggests adipocyte involvement in malignant breast tumor invasive front or margin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the location of invasive breast tumors in relation to fibroglandular and adipose tissue by dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI).

Patients And Methods: Pretreatment breast DCE-MRI images of 294 patients with biopsy-proven invasive breast cancer from 2008 to 2014 were studied.

Association between breast cancer, breast density, and body adiposity evaluated by MRI.

Objective: Despite the lack of reliable methods with which to measure breast density from 2D mammograms, numerous studies have demonstrated a positive association between breast cancer and breast density. The goal of this study was to study the association between breast cancer and body adiposity, as well as breast density quantitatively assessed from 3D MRI breast images.

Methods: Breast density was calculated from 3D T1-weighted MRI images.

Imaging transplanted stem cells in real time using an MRI dual-contrast method.

Stem cell therapies are currently being investigated for the repair of brain injuries. Although exogenous stem cell labelling with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) prior to transplantation provides a means to noninvasively monitor stem cell transplantation by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), monitoring cell death is still a challenge. Here, we investigate the feasibility of using an MRI dual-contrast technique to detect cell delivery, cell migration and cell death after stem cell transplantation.

Noninvasive Imaging of Liposomal Delivery of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles to Orthotopic Human Breast Tumor in Mice.

Purpose: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used for diagnostic imaging in preclinical studies and in clinical settings. Considering the intrinsic low sensitivity and poor specificity of standard MRI contrast agents, the enhanced delivery of MRI tracers into tumors is an important challenge to be addressed. This study was intended to investigate whether delivery of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) can be enhanced by liposomal SPION formulations for either "passive" delivery into tumor via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect or "active" targeted delivery to tumor endothelium via the receptors for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFRs).

[Effect of acupuncture at different time points on kidney function and oxygen free radical metabolism in rats with simulated weightlessness].

Objective: To explore the effects of pre-acupuncture and immediate acupuncture on kidney function and oxygen free radical metabolism in rats with simulated weightlessness.

Methods: Twenty male clean-grade Wister rats were randomly divided into a normal control group, a model group, a pre-acupuncture group and an immediate acupuncture group, 5 rats in each one. The rats in the normal control group did not receive any treatment but free activities for 4 weeks.

Magnetic resonance imaging contrast of iron oxide nanoparticles developed for hyperthermia is dominated by iron content.

Purpose: Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs) are used as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hyperthermia for cancer treatment. The relationship between MRI signal intensity and cellular iron concentration for many new formulations, particularly MNPs having magnetic properties designed for heating in hyperthermia, is lacking. In this study, we examine the correlation between MRI T2 relaxation time and iron content in cancer cells loaded with various MNP formulations.

Heterogeneity of tumor vasculature and antiangiogenic intervention: insights from MR angiography and DCE-MRI.

Purpose: Solid tumor vasculature is highly heterogeneous, which presents challenges to antiangiogenic intervention as well as the evaluation of its therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the spatial tumor vascular changes due to bevacizumab/paclitaxel therapy using a combination approach of MR angiography and DCE-MRI method.

Experimental Design: Tumor vasculature of MCF-7 breast tumor mouse xenografts was studied by a combination of MR angiography and DCE-MRI with albumin-Gd-DTPA.

Bioorthogonal, two-component delivery systems based on antibody and drug-loaded nanocarriers for enhanced internalization of nanotherapeutics.

Nanocarriers play an important role in targeted cancer chemotherapy. The optimal nanocarrier delivery system should provide efficient and highly specific recognition of the target cells and rapid internalization of the therapeutic cargo to reduce systemic toxicity as well as to increase the cytotoxicity to cancer cells. To this end, we developed a two-step, two-component targeted delivery system based on antibody and drug-loaded nanocarrier that uses bioorthogonal click reactions for specific internalization of nanotherapeutics.

Water exchange-minimizing DCE-MRI protocol to detect changes in tumor vascular parameters: effect of bevacizumab/paclitaxel combination therapy.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess changes in the tumor microvasculature induced by combination antiangiogenic therapy in MCF-7 breast tumor mouse models, using a noninvasive DCE-MRI method that minimizes the effect of water exchange.

Materials And Methods: 3D quantitative DCE-MRI images were acquired with a heavily T1-weighted saturation recovery gradient echo sequence with a recovery delay of 20 ms. Tumor vascular volume (VV) and vascular permeability-surface area product (PS) were obtained through a linear regression of the albumin-Gd-DTPA-enhanced dynamic image intensity on MCF-7 breast tumor mouse models treated with combination bevacizumab/paclitaxel therapy.

Effect of electro-acupuncture at different acupoints on neuropeptide and somatostatin in rat brain with irritable bowel syndrome.

Objective: To compare the regulatory effects of electro-acupuncture (EA) at acupoints Zusanli (ST36) and Hegu (LI4) on the visceral hyper-sensitivity in the rat model of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and to explore the acting targets and specialty of acupoints.

Methods: Except 8 rats of the normal control group, the rest 32 rats were prepared to set up the IBS models. IBS animal model was prepared by enema with acetic acid.

Biocompatible blood pool MRI contrast agents based on hyaluronan.

Biocompatible gadolinium blood pool contrast agents based on a biopolymer, hyaluronan, were investigated for magnetic resonance angiography application. Hyaluronan, a non-sulfated linear glucosaminoglycan composed of 2000-25,000 repeating disaccharide subunits of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine with molecular weight up to 20 MDa, is a major component of the extracellular matrix. Two gadolinium contrast agents based on 16 and 74 kDa hyaluronan were synthesized, both with R(1) relaxivity around 5 mM(-1)  s(-1) per gadolinium at 9.

[Massage manipulation of supplementing marrow and kneading tendon in treating 30 children with spastic cerebral palsy].

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of massage with manipulation of supplementing marrow and kneading tendon (SMKT) on spastic cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods: A total of 60 children with CP were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group equally. All were treated with rehabilitation training, but massage with SMKT was carried out additionally for those in the treatment group, five times every week and 3 months as a therapeutic course.

PAMAM dendrimer-based contrast agents for MR imaging of Her-2/neu receptors by a three-step pretargeting approach.

Pretargeting of receptors is a useful approach in molecular imaging and therapy to reduce background noise or toxicity and enhance selectivity. In this study a three-step pretargeting approach that includes a biotinylated antibody, avidin/streptavidin, and a biotinylated imaging agent is described. A PAMAM dendrimer generation 4 (G4D)-based MRI T(1) agent biotin-G4D-DTPA-Gd (bG4D-Gd) and its sister compound with remaining free surface amine groups blocked by succinic anhydride to reduce positive charges (bG4D-Gd-SA) were synthesized.

Controlled internalization of Her-2/ neu receptors by cross-linking for targeted delivery.

Receptor mediated internalization is a crucial step for targeted intracellular delivery of therapeutic and imaging agents. It was recently demonstrated that trastuzumab, an FDA approved humanized monoclonal antibody against Her-2/ neu tyrosine kinase receptor, did not induce endocytosis of the internalization resistant Her-2/ neu receptor. Here we report that accelerated internalization of trastuzumab can be induced by cross-linking the cell membrane bound antibody-receptor complex with an avidin/streptavidin-biotin system.