Human adenovirus (HAdV) is an important pathogen causing pediatric acute respiratory illness (ARI) before COVID-19 pandemic. Since January 2023, China has reported ARI outbreaks attributed to Mycoplasma pneumoniae and other respiratory viruses. In this study, a total of 276 737 pediatric patients with ARI were enrolled from January 2023 to April 2024.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The rapid transmission and high pathogenicity of respiratory viruses significantly impact the health of both children and adults. Extracting and detecting their nucleic acid is crucial for disease prevention and treatment strategies. However, current extraction methods are laborious and time-consuming and show significant variations in nucleic acid content and purity among different kits, affecting detection sensitivity and efficiency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRe-emerging human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV55) has become a significant threat to public health due to its widespread circulation and the association with severe pneumonia, but an effective anti-HAdV55 agent remains unavailable. Herein, we report the generation of macaque-derived, human-like monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) protecting against HAdV55 infection with high potency. Using fluorophore-labelled HAdV55 virions as probes, we isolated specific memory B cells from rhesus macaques () that were immunized twice with an experimental vaccine based on E1-, E3-deleted, replication-incompetent HAdV55.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHAdV-3, -7, and -55 are the predominant types causing acute respiratory disease outbreaks and can lead to severe and fatal pneumonia in children and adults. In recent years, emerging or re-emerging strains of HAdV-7 and HAdV-55 have caused multiple outbreaks globally in both civilian and military populations, drawing increased attention. Clinical studies have reported that HAdV-7 and HAdV-55 cause more severe pneumonia than HAdV-3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNew SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to prevail worldwide, and effective vaccines are needed to prevent an epidemic. mRNA vaccines are gradually being applied to the prevention and control of infectious diseases with significant safety and effectiveness. The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is the main target of mRNA vaccine design, but the impact of the signal peptide (SP), transmembrane region (TM), and cytoplasmic tail (CT) on mRNA vaccine remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao
September 2023
This study aimed to develop a portable, accurate and easy-to-operate scheme for rapid detection of respiratory virus nucleic acid. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the effect of extraction-free respiratory virus treatment reagent (RTU) on viral nucleic acid treatment and the effect of ultra-fast fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument (FQ-8A) on nucleic acid amplification, respectively. RTU and FQ-8A were combined to develop a rapid detection scheme for respiratory virus nucleic acid, and the positive detection rate was judged by value using a fluorescence quantitative PCR instrument, and the accuracy of the scheme in clinical samples detection was investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEmerg Microbes Infect
December 2023
Coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) has one of the highest proportions of fatal outcomes of other enterovirus serotypes. However, the pathogenesis of severe respiratory disease caused by CVB4 infection remains unclear. In this study, 3 of 42 (7.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman adenoviruses (HAdVs) can cause acute hepatitis in immunocompromised patients. However, it is unclear whether HAdVs are contributors to hepatitis in immunocompetent children. In this study, the liver function test (LFT) results were retrospectively analyzed among children hospitalized (age < 14 years) between January 2016 and October 2019 for acute respiratory infection caused by adenoviruses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman adenoviruses (HAdVs) can cause acute hepatitis in immunocompromised patients. However, it is unclear whether HAdVs are contributors to hepatitis in immunocompetent children. In this study, the liver function test (LFT) results were retrospectively analyzed among children hospitalized (age <14 years) between January 2016 and October 2019 for acute respiratory infection caused by adenoviruses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused millions of cases of infections, leading to a global health emergency. The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein plays the most important role in viral infection, and S1 subunit and its receptor-binding domain (RBD) are widely considered the most attractive vaccine targets. The RBD is highly immunogenic and its linear epitopes are important for vaccine development and therapy, but linear epitopes on the RBD have rarely been reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common virus causing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. To guide the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of RSV, we aimed to analyze the epidemiology of RSV in hospitalized children with CAP.
Methods: A total of 9,837 hospitalized children (≤14 years old) with CAP from January 2010 to December 2019 were reviewed.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most important virus that causes lower respiratory tract disease in children; efficient viral identification is an important component of disease prevention and treatment. Here, we developed and evaluated a ready-to-use (RTU) nucleic acid extraction-free direct reagent for identification of RSV (RTU-Direct test) in clinical samples. The limit of detection (LOD) of the RSV RTU-Direct test was consistent with the LOD of the standard test using extracted nucleic acids.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has a significant global social and economic impact, and the emergence of new and more destructive mutant strains highlights the need for accurate virus detection. Here, 90 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that exclusively reacted with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid protein (NP) were generated. These MAbs did not cross-react with NPs of common human coronaviruses (HCoVs, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman adenovirus type 21 (HAdV-21) is an important pathogen associated with acute respiratory infection (ARI), but it was rarely reported and characterized so far. In this study, 151 of 1,704 (8.9%) pediatric patients (≤14 years old) hospitalized with ARI in Guangzhou, China in 2019 were positive for HAdV which was the third most frequently detected pathogen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants and young children and mediates substantial morbidity and mortality in the elderly and immunocompromised globally. The development of a safe and effective RSV vaccine and an optimized neutralizing antibody (NAb) with strong virus-neutralizing activity is appealing. To gain some detailed knowledge of the humoral immune response to RSV subgroup A (RSV-A) and RSV-B, we investigated the seroprevalence of pre-existing NAbs by using the microneutralization assay in healthy adult from Guangzhou, southern China.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDuring 2018-2019, a severe human adenovirus (HAdV) infection outbreak occurred in southern China. Here, we screened 18 respiratory pathogens in 1704 children (≤ 14 years old) hospitalized with acute respiratory illness in Guangzhou, China, in 2019. In total, 151 patients had positive HAdV test results; 34.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still raging worldwide. Efficient, fast and low-cost severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid detection methods are urgently needed.
Methods: A rapid PCR temperature change mode was explored by moving the reaction tube between the independent temperature modules with large temperature differences and a portable ultra-fast real-time PCR instrument were developed.
HCoV-OC43 is one of the mildly pathogenic coronaviruses with high infection rates in common population. Here, 43 HCoV-OC43 related cases with pneumonia were reported, corresponding genomes of HCoV-OC43 were obtained. Phylogenetic analyses based on complete genome, orf1ab and spike genes revealed that two novel genotypes of HCoV-OC43 have emerged in China.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Studies have confirmed that real-time PCR detection of DNA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is more valuable than blood samples in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). The latest guidelines recommend the use of serum samples for antibody testing for chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). However, research on CPA diagnosed by real-time PCR testing of BALF has been limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCoxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) is recognized as a major enterovirus type that can cause severe hand, foot, and mouth disease and spread widely among children. Vaccines and antiviral drugs may be developed more effectively based on a stable and easy-to-operate CVA6 mouse infection model. In this study, a wild CVA6-W strain was sub-cultured in newborn mice of different ages (in days), for adaptation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe emergency SARS-CoV-2, a member of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoV), is still greatly harming the health of mankind. SARS-CoV-2-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), which can identify SARS-CoV-2 from common human coronaviruses, are considered to extensively apply to developing rapid and reliable antigen assays. In this study we generated a rabbit MAb (RAb) detecting SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP), which has cross-reaction with SARS-CoV-1 NP, but not with NPs of MERS and common human CoVs (OC43, NL63, 229E, and HKU1).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEmerg Microbes Infect
December 2021
Human adenovirus (HAdV) species B can cause severe acute respiratory diseases. However, the researches to combat this infection have been hampered by the lack of an animal model permissive to the virus. Here, we report and HAdV species B infections of tree shrews, the closest relative of primates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAfter the first outbreak in China in 2006, human adenovirus type 55 (HAdV-B55) has become a common pathogen causing life threatening pneumonia in northern China. However, HAdV-B55 infection has been rarely reported in southern China. Here, we collected throat swabs from 3,192 hospitalized children with acute respiratory disease (ARD) from May 2017 to April 2019 in Guangzhou, southern China, tested them for HAdV-B55 infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman adenoviruses (HAdVs) commonly cause many diseases such as respiratory diseases, gastroenteritis, cystitis worldwide. HAdV-3, -7, -4 and emergent HAdV-55 and HAdV-14 are the most important types causing severe respiratory diseases. There is no effective drug available for clinical treatment, and no vaccine available for the general population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe assessment of neutralization activity is an important step in the evaluation of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). The traditional methods for measuring the antibody neutralization of human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV-3) are the microneutralization (MN) assay, which has insufficient sensitivity, and the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), which is not suitable for high-throughput screening. Herein, we describe the development of a flow cytometry-based neutralization (FCN) assay for measuring the neutralization of sera, cell culture supernatants, and chimeric antibodies against HAdV-3 on the basis of a recombinant HAdV-3 (rHAdV-3) construct expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP).
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