Raman time-delay in attosecond transient absorption of strong-field created krypton vacancy.

Strong field ionization injects a transient vacancy in the atom which is entangled to the outgoing photoelectron. When the electron is finally detached, the ion is populated at different excited states with part of coherence information lost. The preserved coherence of matter after interacting with intense short pulses has important consequences on the subsequent nonequilibrium evolution and energy relaxation.

Physiological and Biochemical Analysis Revealing the Key Factors Influencing 2-Phenylethanol and Benzyl Alcohol Production in Crabapple Flowers.

Floral scent (FS) plays a crucial role in the ecological functions and industrial applications of plants. However, the physiological and metabolic mechanisms underlying FS formation remain inadequately explored. Our investigation focused on elucidating the differential formation mechanisms of 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) and benzyl alcohol (BA) by examining seven related enzyme concentrations and the content of soluble sugar, soluble proteins, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), as well as the C/N ratio.

Fast phase retrieval for broadband attosecond pulse characterization.

Efficient characterization method for broadband attosecond pulses has become more and more essential, since attosecond pulses with bandwidth spanning few-hundreds electron-volts have been generated. Here we propose a fast phase retrieval algorithm for broadband attosecond pulse characterization with an omega oscillation filtering technique. We introduce a new error function to improve the accuracy of the retrieved phases.