Characteristics of volatile organic compounds under different operating conditions in a petrochemical industrial zone and their effects on ozone formation.

The petrochemical industry is one of the major sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions. Current research on VOC pollution characteristics in petrochemical industrial areas predominantly focuses on normal operating conditions, overlooking VOC pollution during overhaul. This study comparatively analyzes the pollution characteristics of VOCs, the potential sensitivity of O formation, and the pollution sources during normal production (PI), partial instrument overhaul (PII), and large-scale instrument overhaul (PIII) at a typical petrochemical industrial enterprise A (PEA) in Northwest China.

Effects of valley topography on ozone pollution in the Lanzhou valley: A numerical case study.

Valley topography is recognized for its role in constraining pollutant dispersion, which frequently results in elevated pollutant concentrations within valley regions. However, the specific mechanisms by which valley topography influences daytime ozone (O) production, nighttime O depletion, and diurnal variations in O concentrations remain inadequately understood. This study employs the online WRF-Chem air quality model to conduct sensitivity analyses, examining the effects of valley topography on summer O concentrations in Lanzhou, a valley city in western China.

p38 Signaling Mediates Naringin-Induced Osteogenic Differentiation of Porcine Metanephric Mesenchymal Cells.

Objective: To explore the potential of metanephric mesenchymal cells (MMCs) for osteogenesis and naringin's ability to enhance this process and its molecular mechanism.

Methods: Porcine MMCs at 70 days of gestation were used as tool cells, cultured in osteogenic induction medium, identified by immunocytochemistry staining. Osteogenic potential of porcine MMCs and naringin's ability to enhance this process was tested by detecting changes in cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN), and the formation of mineralized nodules, and the application of the p38 signaling pathway inhibitor SB203580 vitiated the osteogenesis-promoting effect of naringin.

Characterization of summertime single aerosol particles in Chengdu (China): Interannual evolution and impact of COVID-19 lockdown.

To investigate the interannual evolution of air pollution in summer and the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on local pollution in Chengdu, China, single aerosol particles were continuously measured in three summer periods: the regular period in 2020 (RP2020); the regular period in 2022 (RP2022); and the lockdown period in 2022 (LP2022). It was found that, from RP2020 to RP2022, the mass concentrations of PM, PM, SO and NO decreased by 25.6 %, 24.

East Asian summer rainfall stimulated by subseasonal Indian monsoonal heating.

The responses of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) to the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) have been the subject of extensive investigation. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether the ISM can serve as a predictor for the EASM. Here, on the basis of both observations and a large-ensemble climate model experiment, we show that the subseasonal variability of abnormal diabatic heating over India enhances precipitation over central East China, the Korean Peninsula, and southern Japan in June.

Updating and evaluating the NH gas-phase chemical mechanism of MOZART-4 in the WRF-Chem model.

The accuracy of determining atmospheric chemical mechanisms is a key factor in air pollution prediction, pollution-cause analysis and the development of control schemes based on air quality model simulations. However, the reaction of NH and OH to generate NH and its subsequent reactions are often ignored in the MOZART-4 chemical mechanism. To solve this problem, the gas-phase chemical mechanism of NH was updated in this study.

The evolution of the initial manifestations and renal involvement of chinese patients with classical and late-onset Fabry disease at different sexes and ages.

Background: Fabry disease is a rare hereditary disease involving multiple organs, and there are few reports on how the initial manifestations and renal involvement of these patients with classical and late-onset phenotype evolve with sexes and ages. To improve clinicians' understanding of Fabry disease and avoid misdiagnoses by discussing the initial manifestations, first medical specialties visited and renal involvement development in patients.

Methods: This study collected relevant data from 311 Chinese Fabry disease patients (200 males, 111 females) and descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the evolution of the initial manifestations and renal involvement of patients with classical and late-onset phenotype at different sexes and ages.

Remote sensing identification of green plastic cover in urban built-up areas.

Urban renewal can transform areas that are not adapted to modern urban life, allowing them to redevelop and flourish; however, the renewal process generates many new construction sites, producing environmentally harmful construction dust. The widespread use of urban green plastic cover (GPC) at construction sites and the development of high-resolution satellites have made it possible to extract the spatial distribution of construction sites and provide a basis for environmental protection authorities to protect against dust sources. Existing GPC extraction methods based on remote sensing images are either difficult to obtain the exact boundary of GPC or cannot provide corresponding algorithms according to different application scenarios.

Characteristics of volatile organic compounds and secondary organic aerosol pollution in different functional areas of petrochemical industrial cities in Northwest China.

The aim of this study was to better understand the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) pollution in different functional areas of petrochemical industrial cities. In Lanzhou, a typical petrochemical industrial city in Northwest China, with the use of an Integrated Atmospheric Mobile Monitoring Vehicle (IAMMV), various real-time online monitoring instruments, including a VOC monitoring instrument (TH-300B) and single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS), were used in combination. These instruments were employed to determine PM, VOCs and other factors at monitoring sites in Xigu (XG) and Chengguan (CG) districts in September 2020 and 2021, respectively.

Effects of chemical boundary conditions on simulated O concentrations in China and their chemical mechanisms.

Chemical boundary conditions (BCs) are important inputs for regional chemical transport models. In this study, we use the brute-force method (BFM), process analysis (PA) and response surface model (RSM) to quantify the effects of BCs on simulated O concentrations in different regions of China by the weather research and forecasting with chemistry (WRF-Chem) model. We combine the model with an integrated gas-phase reaction rate (IRR) tool to further analyze the changes in the O chemical mechanisms.

Genetic diagnosis and treatment of hereditary renal tubular disease with hypokalemia and alkalosis.

Renal tubules play an important role in maintaining water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Renal tubule dysfunction can cause electrolyte disorders and acid-base imbalance. Clinically, hypokalemic renal tubular disease is the most common tubule disorder.

Chemical reactivity of volatile organic compounds and their effects on ozone formation in a petrochemical industrial area of Lanzhou, Western China.

Measurements of ozone (O) and its precursors were performed in the summer of 2019 in Lanzhou, a petrochemical industrial city, to better understand the reactivity of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and their effects on O production. During the campaign, the daily maximum 8-hour average (MDA8) O, NO, and total VOC (TVOC) concentrations reached 72.2 ± 19.

[Improved Performance of PMF Source Apportionment for Volatile Organic Compounds Based on Classification of VOCs' Aging Degree in Air Mass].

VOCs are the key precursors of ozone and secondary organic aerosols. The results of source apportionment for VOCs are very important for the coordinated control of ozone and second organic particulate matter. However, VOCs do not fully meet the assumption of the receptor model because the VOCs released from each source are relatively unstable in the transmission process for their reactivity.

[Exploring Characteristics and Causes of Summer Ozone Pollution Based on Process Analysis in Wuhai].

In recent years, summer O pollution has become more severe in Wuhai, where the terrain is complex and industrial parks are densely distributed. However, the characteristics and formation mechanisms of this pollution have not yet been investigated and remain unclear. Analyzing the variation and formation mechanisms of O is crucial to the prevention and control of air pollution in this region.

Ambient PM and Related Health Impacts of Spontaneous Combustion of Coal and Coal Gangue.

Coal and coal gangue spontaneous combustion (CGSC) occurs globally, causing significant environmental pollution. However, its emissions are poorly quantified and are overlooked in global or regional air pollutant emission inventories in previous studies, resulting in the underestimation of its impacts on climate, environment, and public health. This study quantified the emissions of various air pollutants originating from CGSC in Wuhai, a city in China, investigated emission characteristics, and estimated the contribution of CGSC emissions to fine particulate matter (PM) air pollution and related health impacts on a regional scale.

[Establishment of a High-resolution Anthropogenic Emission Inventory and Its Evaluation Using the WRF-Chem Model for Lanzhou].

City-scale high-resolution anthropogenic emission inventories are an important tool for ambient air quality forecasting and early warning, the analysis of underlying causes, and policy making. At present, city-scale anthropogenic emissions inventories for use in air quality models are scarce for West China. By studying the literature on emission inventories, this paper establishes a city-scale anthropogenic emission inventory for Lanzhou (HEI-LZ16) as the basis for an air quality model.

[Nonlinear Response Characteristics and Control Scheme for Ozone and Its Precursors Based on Orthogonal Experimental Methods].

There is a highly nonlinear relationship between ozone concentrations and its precursor emissions in different regions and at different times, which makes developing effective prevention and control measures difficult. An orthogonal experimental method was introduced to assess the influence of ozone precursors and their interactions on ozone formation, clarify the sensitivity of ozone generation, and propose an optimal control scheme. Based on the WRF-Chem air quality model and an emission inventory of air pollutants in Wuhai City in 2018, this study used an ozone pollution event in the Haibowan urban area (August 17 to 20 2018) to investigate the nonlinear response of ozone formation to its precursors.

The optimal anti-phospholipase A2 receptor cutoff for the diagnosis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a single-center retrospective study.

Background/aims: Anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) autoantibody is the main biomarker of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). We aimed to find a new cutoff value of anti-PLA2R for patients with IMN and to explore the relevance between this antibody and baseline clinical parameters.

Methods: A total of 670 subjects including 374 IMN cases and 296 non-IMN controls were included between January 2017 and January 2020.

Retrospective study: clinicopathological features and prognosis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy with seronegative anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody.

Background: To discuss the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) who are serum-negative for the anti-PLA2R antibody.

Method: Overall, 229 IMN patients were retrospectively collected in this study and classified into anti-PLA2R antibody-negative (PLA2R-, 59 cases) and antibody-positive (PLA2R+, 170 cases) groups. The clinical and pathological features of the PLA2R- group were analyzed; 162 patients in both groups were followed up, and the PLA2R antigen was detected in renal biopsies from the PLA2R- group.

Clinical and pathological features of idiopathic membranous nephropathy with focal segmental sclerosis.

Background: The goal of this study was to investigate the clinical and pathological features and prognosis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) with focal segmental lesions.

Methods: In our hospital, 305 patients with nephrotic syndrome confirmed as IMN by renal biopsy were divided into a non-focal segmental lesion group (FSGS- group) and a focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) group (FSGS+ group) and retrospectively analyzed. In all, 180 patients were followed for periods ranging from 6 months to 2 years.

[Inventory and Spatiotemporal Distribution of Ammonia Emission from Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in Lanzhou City].

After obtaining data on the activity of agriculture and animal husbandry by field investigation and from statistical data, an inventory of ammonia emission from agriculture and animal husbandry in Lanzhou was established based on literature investigation to determine the emission factors. The emission factor related to the application of nitrogen fertilizer was calculated using the NARSES model. The spatiotemporal distribution of the amount of ammonia emission was also analyzed.

[Formation Potential of Ozone and Secondary Organic Aerosol of VOCs from Fossil Fuel Combustion in Lanzhou City].

With the rapid development of China's industry and the acceleration of urbanization, the massive use of fossil fuels has increased the concentration of air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the cities. However, there is little research on the environmental impact of volatile organic compounds from fossil fuel combustion emissions. In this paper, ozone formation potential(OFP)and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAFP) of VOCs from fossil fuel combustion in Lanzhou city were calculated.

[Emissions Inventory of Smoldering Chinese Kangs and Their Contribution to PM Pollution in Lanzhou City].

Considering regional differences in economic development, the activity level of smoldering Chinese kangs was confirmed by surveys in typical areas in Lanzhou City. An emissions inventory of smoldering Chinese kangs in Lanzhou City in 2016 was established using the emissions factor approach. The emissions amounts of SO, NO, NH, CO, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), PM, PM, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) were 340.

Characterization of the expression and activity of carboxylesterases 1 and 2 from the beagle dog, cynomolgus monkey, and human.

The carboxylesterases (CESs) are a family of serine hydrolases that hydrolyze compounds containing an ester, amide, or thioester. In humans, two dominant forms, CES1 and CES2, are highly expressed in organs of first-pass metabolism and play an important role in xenobiotic metabolism. The current study was conducted to better understand species-related differences in substrate selectivity and tissue expression of these enzymes.