The complete chloroplast genome of (Bunge) Fisch. & C. A. Mey. 1836 (Asteraceae) and its phylogenetic analysis.

, widely distributed in China, has a 152,467 bp chloroplast genome with a large single-copy (LSC) region of 83,473 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,594 bp, a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs) of 25,194 bp in length. The GC content is 36.46%.

PVN-mPFC OT projections modulate pup-directed pup care or attacking in virgin mandarin voles.

Many species of animals exhibit caregiving or aggression toward conspecific offspring. The neural mechanisms underlying the infanticide and pup care remain poorly understood. Here, using monogamous mandarin voles (), we found that more oxytocin (OT) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were activated during pup caring than infanticide.

Impact of ultrasonic and heat treatments on the physicochemical properties and rennet-induced coagulation characteristics of milk from various species.

This study investigates the effects of heat and ultrasonic treatments on the physicochemical parameters and rennet-induced coagulation properties of milk from a variety of species, including cow, goat, buffalo, and donkey. Milk samples were subjected to heat treatments at different temperatures (65 °C, 80 °C, 90 °C, 100 °C) and ultrasonic treatment at varying power levels (200 W, 400 W, 600 W, 800 W, 1000 W). The results revealed that changes in turbidity, particle size, zeta potential, secondary structure, and surface hydrophobicity were altered by both ultrasonic and heat treatments, as well as the kind of milk.

Distinct medial amygdala oxytocin receptor neurons projections respectively control consolation or aggression in male mandarin voles.

The individuals often show consolation to distressed companions or show aggression to the intruders. The circuit mechanisms underlying switching between consolation and aggression remain unclear. In the present study, using male mandarin voles, we identified that two distinct subtypes of oxytocin receptor (OXTR) neurons in the medial amygdala (MeA) projecting to the anterior insula (AI) and ventrolateral aspect of ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHvl) response differently to stressed siblings or unfamiliar intruders using c-Fos or calcium recording.

Testosterone in Puberty Regulates Emotional Contagion and Consolation via the Vasopressin System in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex of C57BL/6J Mice.

Introduction: Empathy is the ability of an individual to present and respond to the emotions of others and is thought to originate from parental behavior. Testosterone could promote aggression and inhibit biparental behavior and vasopressin (AVP) could promote aggression. Given levels of aggression and parental care are closely associated with levels of empathy, we hypothesized that testosterone may influence empathetic behavior via the AVP system.

The complete chloroplast genome of (Linnaeus) C. Presl 1753 (Blechnaceae).

(Linnaeus) C. Presl (1753) is a fern used both as food and medicine. It is found primarily in southern China and Southeast Asia, thriving in warm, humid shrublands or sparse forest.

Exploring the diversity and potential functional characteristics of microbiota associated with different compartments of .

Introduction: Symbiotic microbial have a significant impact on the growth and metabolism of medicinal plants. is a very functionally rich medicinal herb; however, its microbial composition and diversity have been poorly studied.

Methods: In the present study, the core microbiomes associated with the rhizospheric soil, roots, stems, leaves, and fruits of from six geographic locations were analyzed by a macro-genomics approach.

Comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes of Pulsatilla species reveals evolutionary and taxonomic status of newly discovered endangered species Pulsatilla saxatilis.

Background: Pulsatilla saxatilis, a new species of the genus Pulsatilla has been discovered. The morphological information of this species has been well described, but its chloroplast genome characteristics and comparison with species of the same genus remain to be reported.

Results: Our results showed that the total length of chloroplast (cp.

The complete chloroplast genome of ex Labiat. Gen. 1834 (Lamiaceae) and its phylogenetic analysis.

Bunge ex Bentham, Labiat. Gen is a perennial herb with much-branched stems native to Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Gansu, N Shaanxi. It can be used clinically as a hemostatic agent.

Effects of paternal deprivation on empathetic behavior and the involvement of oxytocin receptors in the anterior cingulate cortex.

Paternal deprivation (PD) impairs social cognition and sociality and increases levels of anxiety-like behavior. However, whether PD affects the levels of empathy in offspring and its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. The present study found that PD increased anxiety-like behavior in mandarin voles (Microtus mandarinus), impaired sociality, reduced the ability of emotional contagion, and the level of consolation behavior.

The complete chloroplast genome of f. D. K. Zang (Ranunculaceae, Miller).

f. D. K.

The complete chloroplast genome of var. (Bunge) Hand.-Mazz. (Malvaceae).

var. (Bunge) Hand.-Mazz.

Involvement of Serotonergic Projections from the Dorsal Raphe to the Medial Preoptic Area in the Regulation of the Pup-Directed Paternal Response of Male Mandarin Voles.

Male mammals display different paternal responses to pups, either attacking or killing the young offspring, or contrastingly, caring for them. The neural circuit mechanism underlying the between-individual variation in the pup-directed responsiveness of male mammals remains unclear. Monogamous mandarin voles were used to complete the present study.

The effect of plant compartment and geographical location on shaping microbiome of Pulsatilla chinensis.

The plant-associated microbiome has an effect on plant growth. Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Regel is an important Chinese medicinal plant.

Oxytocin treatments or activation of the paraventricular nucleus-the shell of nucleus accumbens pathway reduce adverse effects of chronic social defeat stress on emotional and social behaviors in Mandarin voles.

Chronic social stress can cause psychological disease. Although oxytocin (OT) has been showed to modulate effects of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) on emotional and social behaviors, however, how OT circuits mediate effects of CSDS on emotional and social abnormalities remains unclear. Here, we found that repeated intraperitoneal OT administration in the process of CSDS buffered adverse effects of CSDS on emotional and social behaviors in mandarin voles (Microtus mandarinus) of both sexes except no effect on depression-like behavior of males.

The burdock database: a multi-omic database for Arctium lappa, a food and medicinal plant.

Background: Burdock is a biennial herb of Asteraceae found in Northern Europe, Eurasia, Siberia, and China. Its mature dry fruits, called Niu Bang Zi, are recorded in various traditional Chinese medicine books. With the development of sequencing technology, the mitochondrial, chloroplast, and nuclear genomes, transcriptome, and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) fingerprints of burdock have all been reported.

Refined revealing the chain path of multiple ecosystem services under diverse environmental factor gradients.

A fragile karst ecosystem presents ecosystem services affected by the environment and interactions between ecosystem services. However, the ecosystem in the karst area is characterized by low environmental capacity and low resistance to force disturbance. Current research mainly focuses on the trade-off/synergy of ecosystem services in the karst area yet it lacks inductive analysis of the multiple chain path among ecosystem services.

TEMPO mediated oxidative annulation of aryl methyl ketones with amines/ammonium acetate for imidazole synthesis.

A facile synthesis of 1-imidazoles by direct oxidative annulation of aryl methyl ketones and primary amines has been developed in the presence of TEMPO under weakly acidic conditions. By replacing amines with ammonium acetate, 2-imidazole skeletons were achieved for the first time from ketones. Substrates containing various functional groups, such as alkyl, aryl, naphthyl, halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), nitro, trifluoromethyl, sulfonyl ester, furyl, thienyl, and pyridyl groups, were readily transformed into the desired products.

Oxidation of active cysteines mediates protein aggregation of S10R, the cataract-associated mutant of mouse GammaB-crystallin.

The Ser10 to Arg mutation in mouse γB-crystallin (MGB) has been associated with protein aggregation, dense nuclear opacity, and the degeneration of fiber cells in the lens core. Overexpression of the gap junction protein, connexin 46 (Cx46), was found to suppress the nuclear opacity and restore normal cell-cell contact. However, the molecular basis for the protein aggregation and related downstream effects were not evident from these studies.

Involvement of DR→mPFC 5-HTergic neural projections in changes of social exploration behaviors caused by adult chronic social isolation in mice.

Social contacts play an important role in the development and survival of social animals. Social isolation (SI) at adolescence often induces abnormalities in many kinds of behaviors. This study assessed whether five weeks of continuous SI at adulthood could alter social behaviors and whether dorsal raphe nucleus (DR) to medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) 5-HT neural projections were involved in this alteration in C57BL/6J adult male mice.

Involvement of the dopamine system in paternal behavior induced by repeated pup exposure in virgin male ICR mice.

Like mothers, fathers play a vital role in the development of the brain and behavior of offspring in mammals with biparental care. Unlike mothers, fathers do not experience the physiological processes of pregnancy, parturition, or lactation before their first contact with offspring. Whether pup exposure can induce the onset of paternal behavior and the underlying neural mechanisms remains unclear.

CRF-CRFR1 system within the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex are involved in consolation deficits under acute restraint stress in mandarin voles.

Consolation is a complex empathic behavior that has recently been observed in some socially living rodents. Despite the growing body of literature suggesting that stress affects some simple form of empathy, the relationship between stress and consolation remains largely understudied. Using monogamous mandarin voles, we found that an acute restraint stress exposure significantly reduced consolation-like behaviors and induced anxiety-like behaviors.

Paraventricular Nucleus Oxytocin Subsystems Promote Active Paternal Behaviors in Mandarin Voles.

Paternal care plays a critical role in the development of brain and behaviors in offspring in monogamous species. However, the neurobiological mechanisms, especially the neuronal circuity, underlying paternal care is largely unknown. Using socially monogamous male mandarin voles () with high levels of paternal care, we found that paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) to ventral tegmental area (VTA) or nucleus accumbens (NAc) oxytocin (OT) neurons are activated during paternal care.