Age-related trends in trabecular bone scores and bone mineral density in Chinese men with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.

Patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) typically have an average or higher bone mineral density (BMD) but are at a significantly higher risk of fracture than patients without diabetes. Trabecular bone score (TBS) is a textural index derived from pixel gray-level variations in lumbar spine DXA image, which has been introduced as an indirect measure of bone quality. This study aimed to discuss the trends and annual rates of change in BMD and TBS with age in Chinese men with T2DM and men without diabetes mellitus.

Early identification of lung cancer patients with venous thromboembolism: development and validation of a risk prediction model.

Introduction: Venous thromboembolism(VTE) is a leading cause of death in patients with lung cancer. Furthermore, hospitalization of patients with advanced lung cancer for VTE treatment represents a major economic burden on the national public health resources. Therefore, we performed this prospective study to identify clinical biomarkers for the early identification of VTE in lung cancer patients.

Age-Related Changes in Trabecular Bone Score and Bone Mineral Density in Chinese Men: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Study.

Purpose: This study was designed to explore age-related changes in trabecular bone score (TBS) and bone mineral density (BMD) in Chinese men through cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.

Patients And Methods: We included adult men who had at least twice TBS and BMD examinations in our hospital between January 2013 and December 2020. All men were divided into an age subgroup per 10 years, comparing differences in baseline lumbar spine (LS) TBS and BMD at various parts between each age group and analyzing age-related changes in TBS and BMD during follow-up.

Advances in the Prediction and Risk Assessment of Lung Cancer-Associated Venous Thromboembolism.

According to the most recent data from the National Cancer Center, venous thromboembolism (VTE) has unsurprisingly become one of the most common complications in lung cancer. VTE not only interferes with the equilibrium of the clotting system but it also affects tumor progression and prognosis. For the identification of high-risk patients, many clinical risk assessment models have been developed and validated based on the risk factors found in previous studies.

Colorectal cancer prompted adipose tissue browning and cancer cachexia through transferring exosomal miR-146b-5p.

Cancer cachexia is a complex syndrome that is associated with thermogenic gene regulation. Currently, although some studies have reported the link between exosomes and cancer cachexia in a few types of cancer, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we tried to identify whether exosomes derived from colorectal cancer could affect lipolysis in vitro and in vivo.

Measurement of BAT activity by targeted molecular magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: The aim of this study was to measure brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity by targeted peptide (CKGGRAKDC-NH2)-coupled, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods: The peptide was conjugated with PEG-coated USPIO to obtain targeted probes. Male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into cold exposing and control group (n = 5 per group).

Long-term exercise-secreted extracellular vesicles promote browning of white adipocytes by suppressing miR-191a-5p.

Aims: The purpose of the study is to explore the mechanism of transdifferentiation from white adipose tissue (WAT) to Brown adipose tissue (BAT).

Materials And Method: In this study, we established a model of mouse obesity induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) before 30 days of forced exercise or sedentary mice. Then, we isolated extracellular vesicles (EVs) from plasma and identified them by transmission electron microscope, dynamic light scattering and western blot analysis.

Improvement of intestinal stem cells and barrier function via energy restriction in middle-aged C57BL/6 mice.

This study aimed to reveal the impact of energy restriction on the intestine via structural and molecular changes in terms of intestinal stem cell (ISC) function, ISC niche, intestinal epithelial barrier function, and intestinal immune function. Female C57BL/6J mice, aged 12 months, fed a commercial chow were used in this study. The ISC function, ISC niche, intestinal epithelial barrier function, and intestinal immune function were assessed.

Low muscle mass impairs fat utilization during light-intensity exercise in Chinese men.

Background: Age-related loss of the muscle mass is linked to obesity and diabetes because the muscle is the major site for fat oxidation which is influenced by exercise. We aimed to explore the association between fat oxidation rates (FORs) and exercise intensity during age-related muscle loss.

Methods: A total of 224 healthy Chinese men aged 23-92 years were recruited.

Impact of a high‑fat diet on intestinal stem cells and epithelial barrier function in middle‑aged female mice.

A high‑fat diet (HFD) or obesity‑promoting diet is closely associated with metabolic diseases and intestinal tumors, particularly in middle‑aged individuals (typically 45‑64 years old). The intestinal epithelium constitutes a barrier that separates the host from the food and microbiota in the gut, and thus, a dysfunctional epithelium is associated with a number of diseases. However, the changes caused to the function of intestinal epithelium in response to an HFD have not been well‑studied to date.

A High Efficient Method to Isolate Exosomes from Small Intestinal Epithelium.

The intestinal epithelium is an important receptor that is not only exposed to nutrients but also to pathogens, such as ingested toxins, bacterial flora, and their metabolites. The sensory information is communicated to extensive endocrine, neural, immune systems, and the exosomes acts as carriers of communication from cell-to-cell. Isolation of exosomes from small intestinal epithelium remains more complex to obtain as a source of exosomes, as it contains varying proportions of exosomes derived from many different cells.

MiR-27b-3p Inhibition Enhances Browning of Epididymal Fat in High-Fat Diet Induced Obese Mice.

Long-term dysregulation of energy balance is the key component of the obesity epidemic. Given the harm of central obesity and the discovery that beige cells appear within white adipose tissue (WAT), enhancing the energy-expending or "browning" ability of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has become of therapeutic interest. In this study, we focused on the regulating role of microRNA (miRNA)-27b-3p in mice epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) browning.

Age-associated changes of resting energy expenditure, body composition and fat distribution in Chinese Han males.

Age-related alterations in whole body composition, particularly, reduced fat free mass (FFM) and increased fat mass (FM), lead to a progressive decline in resting energy expenditure (REE). Similarly, regional body composition and fat distribution changes with age might also contribute to an overall lower REE. This study investigated the influence of age on REE, regional body composition and fat distribution, including subcutaneous fat (SF) and visceral fat (VF), in a Chinese Han population as well as their contributions to age-related changes in REE.

Targeted Molecular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Detects Brown Adipose Tissue with Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide.

The peptide (CKGGRAKDC-NH2) specifically targets the brown adipose tissue (BAT). Here we applied this peptide coupled with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO) nanoparticles to detect BAT in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The peptide was conjugated with PEG-coated USPIO nanoparticles to obtain targeted USPIO nanoprobes.

11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor attenuates high-fat diet induced cardiomyopathy.

Background: High-fat diet (HFD) induces cardiac hypertrophy; however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms are yet unclear. In the present study, we investigated the roles of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), an amplifier of local glucocorticoid activity, in the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were fed normal chow diet (NC) or HFD and examined the cardiac remolding and functional alteration by echocardiography and histology.

MiR-27b-3p Regulation in Browning of Human Visceral Adipose Related to Central Obesity.

Objective: Given the rising prevalence of central obesity and the discovery that beige cells appear within white adipose tissue, strategies to enhance these energy-expending adipocytes or "browning" within white adipose depots have become of therapeutic interest to combat obesity and its associated disorders. This study focused on, the role of microRNA (miRNA)-27b-3p in human visceral adipose tissue (VAT) browning.

Methods: Expression of miR-27b-3p and UCP1 in VAT and serum of humans was measured.

Opposing effects on cardiac function by calorie restriction in different-aged mice.

Calorie restriction (CR) increases average and maximum lifespan and exhibits an apparent beneficial impact on age-related diseases. Several studies have shown that CR initiated either in middle or old age could improve ischemic tolerance and rejuvenate the aging heart; however, the data are not uniform when initiated in young. The accurate time to initiate CR providing maximum benefits for cardiac remodeling and function during aging remains unclear.

Assessment of Fat distribution and Bone quality with Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) in Healthy Chinese Men.

Whether fat is beneficial or detrimental to bones is still controversial, which may be due to inequivalence of the fat mass. Our objective is to define the effect of body fat and its distribution on bone quality in healthy Chinese men. A total of 228 men, aged from 38 to 89 years, were recruited.

Determination of UCP1 expression in subcutaneous and perirenal adipose tissues of patients with hypertension.

The objective of this study is to determine the property of human perirenal adipose tissue (PAT) and assess the adipose property of PAT in hypertension. Ninety-four patients, including 64 normotensive patients (T-NP) and 30 hypertensive patients (HP), who underwent renal surgery were included. Expression analysis was performed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry in PAT and back subcutaneous adipose tissue (bSAT) depots.

Glucocorticoids transcriptionally regulate miR-27b expression promoting body fat accumulation via suppressing the browning of white adipose tissue.

Long-term glucocorticoid (GC) treatment induces central fat accumulation and metabolic dysfunction. We demonstrate that microRNA-27b (miR-27b) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of GC-induced central fat accumulation. Overexpression of miR-27b had the same effects as dexamethasone (DEX) treatment on the inhibition of brown adipose differentiation and the energy expenditure of primary adipocytes.

Expression profiling of PPARγ-regulated microRNAs in human subcutaneous and visceral adipogenesis in both genders.

Clinical evidence shows that visceral fat accumulation decreases whereas sc fat increases in patients treated with thiazolidinediones (TZDs), a type of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ agonist. To clarify the molecular mechanism of the differential effects of PPARγ agonists on sc and visceral adipose, we investigated expression profiling of PPARγ-regulated micro-RNAs (miRNAs) using miRNA microarray. The level of 182 miRNAs changed in human sc adipose treated with pioglitazone, whereas only 46 miRNAs changed in visceral adipose.

11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 selective inhibitor BVT.2733 protects osteoblasts against endogenous glucocorticoid induced dysfunction.

Pharmacologic glucocorticoids (GCs) inhibit osteoblast function and induce osteoporosis. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) may play a role in osteoporosis as it regulates GC action at a pre-receptor level by converting inactive GC to its active form. Further, 11β-HSD1 was found increasingly expressed in bone with age.

Essential roles of 11β-HSD1 in regulating brown adipocyte function.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) increases energy expenditure and is an attractive therapeutic target for obesity. 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), an amplifier of local glucocorticoid activity, has been shown to modulate white adipose tissue (WAT) metabolism and function. In this study, we investigated the roles of 11β-HSD1 in regulating BAT function.

BVT.2733, a selective 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor, attenuates obesity and inflammation in diet-induced obese mice.

Background: Inhibition of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) is being pursued as a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, there is an urgent need to determine the effect of 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, which suppresses glucocorticoid action, on adipose tissue inflammation. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of BVT.

Adipose tissue-targeted 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor protects against diet-induced obesity.

Current pharmacological treatments for obesity and metabolic syndrome have various limitations. Recently, adipose tissue 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) has been proposed as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome. Nevertheless, there is no adipose tissue-targeted 11β-HSD1 inhibitor available now.