[Expression and enzymatic characterization of a chitosanase with tolerance to a wide range of pH from ].

To screen and identify a chitosanase with high stability, we cloned the chitosanase gene from with a high protease yield from the barren saline-alkali soil and expressed this gene in . The expressed chitosanase of . (BA-CSN) was purified by nickel-affinity column chromatography.

Interplay of Food-Derived Bioactive Peptides with Gut Microbiota: Implications for Health and Disease Management.

Bioactive peptides (BPs) are protein fragments with beneficial effects on metabolism, physiology, and diseases. This review focuses on proteolytic BPs, which are produced by the action of gut microbiota on proteins in food and have demonstrated to influence the composition of gut microbes. And gut microbiota are candidate targets of BPs to alleviate oxidative stress, enhance immunity, and control diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cancer, and immune and neurodegenerative diseases.

Neutralizing antibodies reveal cryptic vulnerabilities and interdomain crosstalk in the porcine deltacoronavirus spike protein.

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging enteric pathogen that has recently been detected in humans. Despite this zoonotic concern, the antigenic structure of PDCoV remains unknown. The virus relies on its spike (S) protein for cell entry, making it a prime target for neutralizing antibodies.

Filamentous fungus-produced human monoclonal antibody provides protection against SARS-CoV-2 in hamster and non-human primate models.

Monoclonal antibodies are an increasingly important tool for prophylaxis and treatment of acute virus infections like SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, their use is often restricted due to the time required for development, variable yields and high production costs, as well as the need for adaptation to newly emerging virus variants. Here we use the genetically modified filamentous fungus expression system Thermothelomyces heterothallica (C1), which has a naturally high biosynthesis capacity for secretory enzymes and other proteins, to produce a human monoclonal IgG1 antibody (HuMab 87G7) that neutralises the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron.

Probiotic GUANKE effectively alleviates allergic rhinitis symptoms by modulating functions of various cytokines and chemokines.

Background: Currently, the prevalence of allergic rhinitis (AR) remains high and there is a great need to develop better and safer ways to alleviate AR symptoms. The GUANKE probiotic was reported as an immunomodulator through maintaining Th1/Th2 balance. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of GUANKE in AR subjects.

The association between constipation and stroke based on the NHANES and Mendelian randomization study.

Background: This study aimed to investigate putative causal effects between constipation and stroke using bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Methods: Based on the cross-sectional study, logistic regression models were developed to assess the association between constipation and stroke prevalence. Subsequently, genome-wide association studies statistics were employed to perform MR analysis between constipation and stroke, as well as its subtypes.

Drug repurposing screens identify Tubercidin as a potent antiviral agent against porcine nidovirus infections.

The emergence of new coronaviruses poses a significant threat to animal husbandry and human health. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is considered a re-emerging porcine enteric coronavirus, which causes fatal watery diarrhea in piglets. Currently, there are no effective drugs to combat PEDV.

Evaluating anti-viral effect of Ivermectin on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and analyzing the related genes and signaling pathway by RNA-seq in vitro.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) has catastrophic impacts on the global pig industry. However, there remains no effective drugs for PEDV infection. Ivermectin is an FDA-approved anthelmintic drug used to treat worm infections.

Modulating gastrointestinal microbiota to alleviate diarrhea in calves.

The calf stage is a critical period for the development of heifers. Newborn calves have low gastrointestinal barrier function and immunity before weaning, making them highly susceptible to infection by various intestinal pathogens. Diarrhea in calves poses a significant threat to the health of young ruminants and may cause serious economic losses to livestock farms.

A broad-spectrum macrocyclic peptide inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had great societal and health consequences. Despite the availability of vaccines, infection rates remain high due to immune evasive Omicron sublineages. Broad-spectrum antivirals are needed to safeguard against emerging variants and future pandemics.

Colonization and development of the gut microbiome in calves.

Colonization and development of the gut microbiome are crucial for the growth and health of calves. In this review, we summarized the colonization, beneficial nutrition, immune function of gut microbiota, function of the gut barrier, and the evolution of core microbiota in the gut of calves of different ages. Homeostasis of gut microbiome is beneficial for nutritional and immune system development of calves.

High-risk population of progressive hepatic fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients on antiviral therapy.

Background: Progressive hepatic fibrosis leads to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and decompensated cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to identify the high-risk population for progressive hepatic fibrosis and the incidence of HCC and decompensated cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with antiviral therapy.

Methods: The data came from a multicenter, center-randomized, double-blind clinical trial that analyzed only patients in the ETV-treated arm.

treatment as adjuvant for geographic tongue and fissured tongue with gastritis: case report.

Background: Geographic tongue and fissured tongue are both common oral mucous membrane diseases relatively. The treatment of this disease is typically causative therapy because of the unknown etiology, and other afflictions. Gastrointestinal disease is one of the factors that induce geographic tongue with a fissured tongue.

Avidity engineering of human heavy-chain-only antibodies mitigates neutralization resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have accrued mutations within the spike protein rendering most therapeutic monoclonal antibodies against COVID-19 ineffective. Hence there is an unmet need for broad-spectrum mAb treatments for COVID-19 that are more resistant to antigenically drifted SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here we describe the design of a biparatopic heavy-chain-only antibody consisting of six antigen binding sites recognizing two distinct epitopes in the spike protein NTD and RBD.

Effect of dietary biochanin A on lactation performance, antioxidant capacity, rumen fermentation and rumen microbiome of dairy goat.

Biochanin A (BCA), an isoflavone phytoestrogen, is a secondary metabolite produced mainly in leguminous plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of BCA on lactation performance, nitrogen metabolism, and the health of dairy goat. Thirty mid-lactation Saanen dairy goats were divided into three groups randomly: control, 2 g/d BCA group, and 6 g/d BCA group.

Polaritonic coherent perfect absorption based on self-hybridization of a quasi-bound state in the continuum and exciton.

Enhancement of light-matter interactions is of great importance for many nanophotonic devices, and one way to achieve it is to feed energy perfectly to the strongly coupled system. Here, we propose gap-perturbed dimerized gratings based on bulk WS for flexible control of the strong coupling or self-hybridization of a quasi-bound state in the continuum (quasi-BIC) and exciton. The simulation results show that when a gap perturbation is introduced into the system resulting in the Brillouin zone folding, BIC transforms into quasi-BIC whose quality factor (Q-factor) is related to the value of gap perturbation.

Identification of niclosamide as a novel antiviral agent against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection by targeting viral internalization.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an enteropathogenic coronavirus, has catastrophic impacts on the global pig industry. However, there remain no effective drugs against PEDV infection. In this study, we utilized a recombinant PEDV expressing renilla luciferase (PEDV-Rluc) to screen potential anti-PEDV agents from an FDA-approved drug library in Vero cells.

Quantification of Receptor Association, Dissociation, and NA-Dependent Motility of Influenza A Particles by Biolayer Interferometry.

We describe a method for real-time analysis and quantification of influenza A virus (IAV)-receptor interactions by biolayer interferometry (BLI). Biotinylated synthetic sialoglycans or sialoglycoproteins (biotinylated or Fc-tagged) were immobilized on the tip of biosensors (coated with streptavidin or protein A) that were subsequently dipped into IAV particle solutions in 96-well plates. Association and/or dissociation of IAV particles was recorded in consecutive steps in buffers of choice.

Planar liquid crystal optics for simultaneously surface displaying and diffraction-limited focusing.

Planar optical elements have attracted widespread attentions because of their precise light modulation. Liquid crystals (LCs) are well known for their applications in the current displaying field, and show great potential in planar optical elements with the development and innovation of LC micro-operation technology. However, previous researches on LC elements mainly involved only one type of optical manipulation, which inevitably limited the functional diversity.

The trispecific DARPin ensovibep inhibits diverse SARS-CoV-2 variants.

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with potential resistance to existing drugs emphasizes the need for new therapeutic modalities with broad variant activity. Here we show that ensovibep, a trispecific DARPin (designed ankyrin repeat protein) clinical candidate, can engage the three units of the spike protein trimer of SARS-CoV-2 and inhibit ACE2 binding with high potency, as revealed by cryo-electron microscopy analysis. The cooperative binding together with the complementarity of the three DARPin modules enable ensovibep to inhibit frequent SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron sublineages BA.

Varying Viral Replication and Disease Profiles of H2N2 Influenza in Ferrets Is Associated with Virus Isolate and Inoculation Route.

H2N2 influenza virus, the causative agent of the 1957 "Asian flu" pandemic, has disappeared from circulation. However, H2-influenza viruses are still circulating in avian reservoirs. Combined with the waning of H2N2-specific immunity in the human population, there is a risk of reintroduction of H2N2 influenza virus.