A cross-sectional study on exposure to secondhand smoke in indoor public places and attitudes of residents towards the smoke control ordinance in public places.

Introduction: Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is a serious public health problem. This study aims to collect data on tobacco control since the implementation of the new version of the Smoke Control Ordinance in Public Places of Hangzhou (the Ordinance), combined with questionnaire surveys to understand the SHS exposure situation in public places, relevant knowledge and attitudes of residents in Hangzhou.

Methods: We used data from a population-based tobacco control survey of 2746 adults aged 15-75 years conducted in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in March 2023.

Interactive effects of chronic ocean acidification and warming on the growth, survival, and physiological responses of adults of the temperate sea urchin Strongylocentrotusintermedius.

To investigate the interactive effects of chronic ocean acidification and warming (OAW) on the growth, survival, and physiological responses of sea urchins, adults of the temperate sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius were incubated separately/jointly in acidic (ΔpH = -0.5 units) and thermal (ΔT = +3.0 °C) seawater for 120 days under lab-controlled conditions based on the projected ocean pH and temperature for 2100 put forward by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Insulin resistance-related features are associated with cognitive decline: a cross-sectional study in adult patients with type 1 diabetes.

Background: To investigate the associations between insulin resistance (IR)-related features and cognitive function in type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: A total of 117 adult patients with T1D were recruited in this cross-sectional study. IR-related features include overweight/obesity/central obesity, hypertension, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and decreased estimated insulin sensitivity (eIS).

Panax notoginseng saponin R1 improves glucocorticoid-inhibited airway epithelium repair via glucocorticoid receptor β.

Background: Panax notoginseng saponin R1(PNS-R1), derived from Panax notoginseng roots, promotes wound repair, whereas glucocorticoids can inhibit the repair of airway epithelial damage in asthma.

Objective: This study investigated whether PNS-R1 counteracts the inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on the repair of airway epithelial damage in asthma.

Methods: In vivo, female C57BL/6 mice were sensitized, challenged with house dust mites (HDM), and treated with dexamethasone, PNS-R1, and/or adenovirus GRβ-shRNA.

Photoinduced Biomimetic Room-Temperature C-O Bond Cleavage over Mn Doped CdS.

Selective C-O bond cleavage is an efficient way for the biomass valorization to value-added chemicals, but is challenged to be operated at room temperature via conventional thermal catalysis. Herein, inspired from the DNA biosynthesis which involves a radical-mediated spin-center shift (SCS) C-O bond cleavage process, we report a biomimetic room-temperature C-O bond cleavage of vicinal diol (HOCHCH-OH). We construct a Mn doped CdS (Mn/CdS) as a photocatalyst to mimic the biologic SCS process.

Epidemiology and genetic diversity of norovirus GII genogroups among children in Hubei, China, 2017-2019.

Norovirus (NoV) is an important cause of viral acute gastroenteritis (AGE). To gain insights into the epidemiological characteristics and genetic diversity of NoV among children in Hubei, 1216 stool samples from children (≤ 5 years) obtained under AGE surveillance from January 2017 to December 2019 were analyzed. The results showed that NoV was responsible for 14.

Study on TFF1 and PALB2 gene variants associated with gastric carcinoma risk in the Chinese Han population.

Objective: Gastric carcinoma (GC) has received extensive attention due to its complex pathogenesis. Studies have shown that the expression of Trefoil factor 1 (TFF1) and Partner and localiser of BRCA2 (PALB2) genes promotes the occurrence of GC. Therefore, we investigated whether TFF1 and PALB2 gene polymorphisms are associated with GC risk in the Chinese Han population.

Cognitive function and neuroimaging characteristics in patients with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Aims: In this study, we used neuropsychological tests and neuroimaging to examine the cognitive functions and neuroimaging characteristics to explore the brain mechanism of cognitive deficits in patients with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Materials And Methods: A total of 30 patients with childhood-onset T1DM and 28 healthy controls (HC) participated in the study. Neuropsychological tests were used to assess intelligence quotient, memory, and executive function.

Modeling lung diseases using reversibly immortalized mouse pulmonary alveolar type 2 cells (imPAC2).

Background: A healthy alveolar epithelium is critical to the gas exchange function of the lungs. As the major cell type of alveolar epithelium, alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells play a critical role in maintaining pulmonary homeostasis by serving as alveolar progenitors during lung injury, inflammation, and repair. Dysregulation of AT2 cells may lead to the development of acute and chronic lung diseases and cancer.

Potassium Salt Coordination Induced Ion Migration Inhibition and Defect Passivation for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells.

The disordered distribution of trap states and ion migration limit the commercial application of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we apply an oxamic acid potassium salt (OAPS) as a bifunctional additive of perovskite film. The Lewis base group C=O of OAPS can interact with the uncoordinated Pb caused by the I site substitution by Pb and the dangling bonds of the perovskite, which is beneficial to reduce the nonradiative recombination loss.

Microvesicles Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Alveolar Type II Cell Proliferation and Attenuate Lung Inflammation in a Rat Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Although it is known that exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) alleviate hyperoxic lung injury of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in animal models, the role of microvesicles (MVs) derived from hUCMSCs in BPD is poorly defined. Furthermore, antenatal inflammation has been linked to high risk of BPD in preterm infants. The purpose of this study was to explore whether MVs derived from hUCMSCs can preserve lung structure and function in an antenatal lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced BPD rat model and to clarify the underlying mechanism.

Hypoxic preconditioning improves the survival and pro-angiogenic capacity of transplanted human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells via HIF-1α signaling in a rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a serious chronic respiratory disease that predominates in the neonatal period. Currently, efficacious and effective specific treatments are lacking. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation has emerged as a promising option for treating BPD.

Drastic decline in sera neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in Wuhan COVID-19 convalescents.

Global concern has been raised by the emergence and rapid transmission of the heavily mutated SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.

Enhanced Activation Energy Released by Coordination of Bifunctional Lewis Base d-Tryptophan for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

Perovskite defect passivation with molecule doping shows great potential in boosting the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, an efficient and low-cost bifunctional Lewis base additive d-tryptophan is introduced to control the crystallization and growth of perovskite grains and passivation defects. It is found that the additive doped in the solution precursors could retard crystal growth by increasing activation energy, resulting in improved crystallization of large grains with reduced grain boundaries, as well as inhibiting ion migration and PbI aggregation.

Sustained Attention Deficits in Adults With Juvenile-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether patients with juvenile-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) have poorer sustained attention than their counterparts with adult-onset T1DM, and whether there is a relationship between diabetes-related variables and sustained attention.

Methods: This study included 76 participants with juvenile-onset T1DM, 68 participants with adult-onset T1DM, and 85 healthy controls (HCs). All participants completed the Sustained Attention to Response Task, Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the Chinese version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.

Blockade of GITRL/GITR signaling pathway attenuates house dust mite-induced allergic asthma in mice through inhibition of MAPKs and NF-κB signaling.

GITRL/GITR signaling pathway plays an important role in allergy, inflammation, transplantation and autoimmunity. However, its role in asthma remains unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate changes in this pathway and observe the therapeutic effect of its blocking on asthma.

GITRL on dendritic cells aggravates house dust mite-induced airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness by modulating CD4 T cell differentiation.

Background: Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related protein ligand (GITRL) plays an important role in tumors, autoimmunity and inflammation. However, GITRL is not known to modulate the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. In this study, we investigated whether regulating GITRL expressed on dendritic cells (DCs) can prevent asthma and to elucidate its mechanism of action.

Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Alleviate Lung Injury in Rat Model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia by Affecting Cell Survival and Angiogenesis.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a serious chronic lung disease in premature newborns, with high morbidity and mortality rates. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation has developed into a promising approach to alleviate BPD. Small extracellular vesicles, which are an important therapeutic component of MSCs, have been reported to be effective in a mouse model of BPD.

Transformation of Microbial Negative Correlations into Positive Correlations by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Inoculation during Pomegranate Wine Fermentation.

The application of starter is a common practice to accelerate and steer the pomegranate wine fermentation process. However, the use of starter needs a better understanding of the effect of the interaction between the starter and native microorganisms during alcoholic fermentation. In this study, high-throughput sequencing combined with metabolite analysis was applied to analyze the effect of commercial inoculation on the native fungal community interaction and metabolism during pomegranate wine fermentation.

Panax notoginseng saponin R1 modulates TNF-α/NF-κB signaling and attenuates allergic airway inflammation in asthma.

Backgroud: Panax notoginseng saponin R1 (PNS-R1) is one of the most important chemical monomers derived from the panax notoginseng, and our previous study found that PNS-R1 reduced glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in asthmatic airway epithelial cells. Thus, in this study, we explored the effects of the PNS-R1 on inflammation of allergic asthma.

Methods: The asthmatic mice were administered 15 mg/kg PNS-R1 by intraperitoneal injection three days before sensitized to OVA.

Vitamin A deficiency exacerbates extrinsic atopic dermatitis development by potentiating type 2 helper T cell-type inflammation and mast cell activation.

Background: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) has been hypothesized to play a role in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (AD).

Objective: We sought to verify whether VAD can exacerbate AD development, and explore the possible pathophysiologic mechanism.

Methods: We detected serum vitamin A (VA) concentration in different phenotypes of AD infants (intrinsic AD, iAD and extrinsic AD, eAD), and established ovalbumin (OVA) percutaneous sensitized AD model and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) model on VAD and vitamin A supplementation (VAS) model in wild-type mice (C57BL/6) and established AD model on both normal VA (VAN) and VAD feeding mast cell deficiency mice (ckit ).