Taeniasis impacts human gut microbiome composition and function.

Human taeniasis, caused by Taenia tapeworms, is a global parasitic disease with significant implications for public health and food safety. These tapeworms can grow to considerable sizes and potentially impact the microecology of the host gut. Despite their importance, the effects of Taenia infection on host gut microbiota haven't been thoroughly investigated.

A genome assembly for Orinus kokonorica provides insights into the origin, adaptive evolution and further diversification of two closely related grass genera.

Ancient whole-genome duplication (WGD) or polyploidization is prevalent in plants and has played a crucial role in plant adaptation. However, the underlying genomic basis of ecological adaptation and subsequent diversification after WGD are still poorly understood in most plants. Here, we report a chromosome-scale genome assembly for the genus Orinus (Orinus kokonorica as representative) and preform comparative genomics with its closely related genus Cleistogenes (Cleistogenes songorica as representative), both belonging to a newly named subtribe Orininae of the grass subfamily Chloridoideae.

Subgenomic Stability of Progenitor Genomes During Repeated Allotetraploid Origins of the Same Grass Brachypodium hybridum.

Both homeologous exchanges and homeologous expression bias are generally found in most allopolyploid species. Whether homeologous exchanges and homeologous expression bias differ between repeated allopolyploid speciation events from the same progenitor species remains unknown. Here, we detected a third independent and recent allotetraploid origin for the model grass Brachypodium hybridum.

Scattered differentiation of unlinked loci across the genome underlines ecological divergence of the selfing grass .

Ecological divergence without geographic isolation, as an early speciation process that may lead finally to reproductive isolation through natural selection, remains a captivating topic in evolutionary biology. However, the pattern of genetic divergence underlying this process across the genome may vary between species and mating systems. Here, we present evidence that an annual and highly selfing grass model species, has undergone sympatric ecological divergence without geographic isolation.

Interaction between tissue-dwelling helminth and the gut microbiota drives mucosal immunoregulation.

Tissue-dwelling helminths affect billions of people around the world. They are potent manipulators of the host immune system, prominently by promoting regulatory T cells (Tregs) and are generally associated with a modified host gut microbiome. However, the role of the gut microbiota in the immunomodulatory processes for these non-intestinal parasites is still unclear.

Genomes and demographic histories of the endangered Bretschneidera sinensis (Akaniaceae).

Background: Bretschneidera sinensis is an endangered relic tree species in the Akaniaceae family and is sporadically distributed in eastern Asia. As opposed to its current narrow and rare distribution, the fossil pollen of B. sinensis has been found to be frequent and widespread in the Northern Hemisphere during the Late Miocene.

Measurement of the Cobb angle by 3D ultrasound: a valuable additional method for the prenatal evaluation of congenital scoliosis.

Background: This study aimed to measure the Cobb angle of the fetal spine using three-dimensional ultrasound (3D-US) and to assess the relationship between the Cobb angle and the prognosis of congenital scoliosis.

Methods: From March 2015 to June 2019, 77 pregnant women whose fetuses had suspected spinal skeletal dysplasia consented to undergo 3D-US examinations, and 54 fetuses were selected for the analysis group. The study protocol was approved by the review board of the Institutional Ethics Committee for Fetal Medicine.

Multi-omics reveal differentiation and maintenance of dimorphic flowers in an alpine plant on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Dimorphic flowers growing on a single individual plant play a critical role in extreme adaption and reproductive assurance in plants and have high ecological and evolutionary significance. However, the omics bases underlying such a differentiation and maintenance remain largely unknown. We aimed to investigate this through genomic, transcriptome and metabolomic analyses of dimorphic flowers in an alpine biennial, Sinoswertia tetraptera (Gentianaceae).

The Chloranthus sessilifolius genome provides insight into early diversification of angiosperms.

Most extant angiosperms belong to Mesangiospermae, which comprises eudicots, monocots, magnoliids, Chloranthales and Ceratophyllales. However, phylogenetic relationships between these five lineages remain unclear. Here, we report the high-quality genome of a member of the Chloranthales lineage (Chloranthus sessilifolius).

Environmental sound classification using temporal-frequency attention based convolutional neural network.

Environmental sound classification is one of the important issues in the audio recognition field. Compared with structured sounds such as speech and music, the time-frequency structure of environmental sounds is more complicated. In order to learn time and frequency features from Log-Mel spectrogram more effectively, a temporal-frequency attention based convolutional neural network model (TFCNN) is proposed in this paper.

The genome sequence provides insights into salt tolerance of Achnatherum splendens (Gramineae), a constructive species of alkaline grassland.

Achnatherum splendens Trin. (Gramineae) is a constructive species of the arid grassland ecosystem in Northwest China and is a major forage grass. It has good tolerance of salt and drought stress in alkaline habitats.

A chromosome-level genome assembly for the tertiary relict plant Tetracentron sinense oliv. (trochodendraceae).

Tetracentron sinense and Trochodendron aralioides are two Tertiary relict species of large trees in the family Trochodendraceae with narrow distributions on the mainland and islands of eastern Asia. They belong to the order Trochodendrales, which is one of the four early-diverged eudicot lineages. These two relict species provide a good system in which to examine genomic changes that occurred as they survived during repeated climatic oscillations in the Quaternary.

Ultrasonic Elastography Research Based on a Multicenter Study: Adding Strain Ratio after 5-Point Scoring Evaluation or Not.

Background: This study aimed to confirm whether strain ratio should be added after evaluation of lesions with 5-point elasticity scoring for differentiating benign and malignant breast lesions on ultrasonographic elastography(UE).

Materials And Methods: From June 2010 to March 2012, 1080 consecutive female patients with breast lesions were recruited into a multicenter retrospective study, which involved 8 centers across China. Each institutional ethic review board approved the study, and all the patients gave written informed consent.