Spatial patterns of individual morphological deformation in schizophrenia: Putative cortical compensatory of unaffected sibling.

Background: Neuroimaging advancements have revealed morphological deformation across various indicators, illuminating the neuropathological origins of schizophrenia. However, consolidating the findings across indicators and assessing regional global deformation at individual-level poses a significant challenge.

Methods: We propose individual morphological deformation index (IMDI) as potential biomarker for schizophrenia leveraging a distance algorithm that incorporates three key indicators (cortical thickness, gyrification, and volume), and applied it for 199 schizophrenia patients, 218 healthy controls, and 47 unaffected siblings.

Aberrant controllability of functional connectome during working memory tasks in patients with schizophrenia and unaffected siblings.

Background: Working memory deficit, a key feature of schizophrenia, is a heritable trait shared with unaffected siblings. It can be attributed to dysregulation in transitions from one brain state to another.

Aims: Using network control theory, we evaluate if defective brain state transitions underlie working memory deficits in schizophrenia.

A connectome-based model of delusion in schizophrenia using functional connectivity under working memory task.

Delusion is an important feature of schizophrenia, which may stem from cognitive biases. Working memory (WM) is the core foundation of cognition, closely related to delusion. However, the knowledge of neural mechanisms underlying the relationship between WM and delusion in schizophrenia is poorly investigated.

The neural compensation phenomenon in schizophrenia with mild attention deficits during working memory task.

Background: Working memory (WM) and attention are essential cognitive processes, and their interplay is critical for efficient information processing. Schizophrenia often exhibits deficits in both WM and attention, contributing to function impairments. This study aims to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the relationship between WM impairments and attention deficits in schizophrenia.

Polygenic risk for schizophrenia and the language network: Putative compensatory reorganization in unaffected siblings.

Language-related symptoms, such as disorganized, impoverished speech and communicative behaviors, are one of the core features of schizophrenia. These features most strongly correlate with cognitive deficits and polygenic risk among various symptom dimensions of schizophrenia. Nevertheless, unaffected siblings with genetic high-risk fail to show consistent deficits in language network (LN), indicating that either (1) polygenic risk has no notable effect on LN and/or (2) siblings show compensatory changes in opposing direction to patients.

Cortical morphological heterogeneity of schizophrenia and its relationship with glutamatergic receptor variations.

Background: Recent genetic evidence implicates glutamatergic-receptor variations in schizophrenia. Glutamatergic excess during early life in people with schizophrenia may cause excitotoxicity and produce structural deficits in the brain. Cortical thickness and gyrification are reduced in schizophrenia, but only a subgroup of patients exhibits such structural deficits.

Disrupted intrinsic functional brain network in patients with late-life depression: Evidence from a multi-site dataset.

Background: Late-life depression (LLD) is a common and serious mental disorder, whose neural mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In this study, we aimed to characterize LLD-related changes in intrinsic functional brain networks using a large, multi-site sample.

Methods: Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, the edge-based functional connectivity (FC) as well as multiple topological brain network metrics at both global and nodal levels were compared between 206 LLD patients and 210 normal controls (NCs).

Treatment Effect of Long-Term Antipsychotics on Default-Mode Network Dysfunction in Drug-Naïve Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia: A Longitudinal Study.

The maintenance of antipsychotic treatment is an efficient way to prevent the relapse of schizophrenia (SCZ). Previous studies have identified beneficial effects of antipsychotics on brain structural and functional abnormalities during mostly the acute phase in SCZ, but seldom is known about the effects of long-term antipsychotics on the brain. The present study focused on the long-term antipsychotic effect on the default mode network (DMN) dysfunction in SCZ.

Multimetric structural covariance in first-episode major depressive disorder: a graph theoretical analysis.

Background: Abnormalities of cortical morphology have been consistently reported in major depressive disorder (MDD), with widespread focal alterations in cortical thickness, surface area and gyrification. However, it is unclear whether these distributed focal changes disrupt the system-level architecture (topology) of brain morphology in MDD. If present, such a topological disruption might explain the mechanisms that underlie altered cortical morphology in MDD.

The centrality of working memory networks in differentiating bipolar type I depression from unipolar depression: A task-fMRI study.

Objectives: Up to 70%-80% of patients with bipolar disorder are misdiagnosed as having major depressive disorder (MDD), leading to both delayed intervention and worsening disability. Differences in the cognitive neurophysiology may serve to distinguish between the depressive phase of type 1 bipolar disorder (BDD-I) from MDD, though this remains to be demonstrated. To this end, we investigate the discriminatory signal in the topological organization of the functional connectome during a working memory (WM) task in BDD-I and MDD, as a candidate identification approach.

Age-Related Decrease in Default-Mode Network Functional Connectivity Is Accelerated in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common psychiatric disorder which is associated with an accelerated biological aging. However, little is known whether such process would be reflected by a more rapid aging of the brain function. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that MDD would be characterized by accelerated aging of the brain's default-mode network (DMN) functions.

Decreased integration of the frontoparietal network during a working memory task in major depressive disorder.

Background: Working memory deficits are a common feature in major depressive disorder and are associated with poor functional outcomes. Intact working memory performance requires the recruitment of large-scale brain networks. However, it is unknown how the disrupted recruitment of distributed regions belonging to these large-scale networks at the whole-brain level brings about working memory impairment seen in major depressive disorder.

Drug-naïve first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Pharmacological treatment practices in inpatient units in Hunan Province, China.

Aim: This study describes antipsychotic prescription patterns for drug-naïve inpatients diagnosed with first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum (FES) disorders and factors associated with practices deviating from China's current guidelines.

Methods: All inpatients aged 7 to 45 years experiencing a first episode of schizophrenia-spectrum disorder with a duration of untreated illness of less than 18 months and admitted between 1 August 2016 and 1 August 2017 to one of eight psychiatric hospitals in Hunan were included. Demographics, clinical characteristics and prescriptions at discharge were collected from electronic medical records.

Abnormal Thalamocortical Circuit in Adolescents With Early-Onset Schizophrenia.

Objective: Thalamic circuit imbalance characterized by increased sensorimotor-thalamic connectivity and decreased prefrontal-thalamic connectivity has been consistently observed in adult-onset schizophrenia (AOS), although it is unclear whether this pattern is also a feature of early-onset schizophrenia (EOS). If this is the case, thalamic circuit imbalance can be considered as a core mechanistic defect in schizophrenia, unconfounded by the age of onset.

Method: A total of 116 adolescents with EOS (63 drug-naive EOS) and 55 matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited and underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans.

Psychological resilience negatively correlates with resting-state brain network flexibility in young healthy adults: a dynamic functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Background: Psychological resilience is an important personality trait whose decrease is associated with many common psychiatric disorders, but the neural mechanisms underlying it remain largely unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the neural correlates of psychological resilience in healthy adults by investigating its relationship with functional brain network flexibility, a fundamental dynamic feature of brain network defined by switching frequency of its modular community structures.

Methods: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were acquired from 41 healthy adults, whose psychological resilience was quantified by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC).