MRI Tumor Regression Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Alone without Radiation for Rectal Adenocarcinoma.

Background Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) is gaining acceptance for the management of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) in patients without negative prognostic factors. However, the value of MRI in evaluating tumor response after NCT remains unclear. Purpose To investigate the accuracy of MRI in assessing pathologic complete response in participants with LARC who underwent surgery after NCT without radiation.

Do treated rectal tumors appear differently on MRI after chemotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy?

Purpose: Increasing studies have focused on neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in rectal cancer. However, few studies explored the differences in radiographic variation between patients treated with NCT and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT).

Methods: Stage II/III rectal cancer patients from March 2016 to December 2019 meeting the criteria treated with NCRT or NCT were included.

Comparison of laparoscopic lateral lymph node dissection for rectal cancer with and without routine resection of the visceral branches of internal iliac artery.

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the safety and feasibility of the modified lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) with routine resection of the visceral branches of internal iliac vessels (IIVs) for mid-low-lying rectal cancer.

Materials And Method: Consecutive patients undergoing LLND for rectal cancer were divided into the routine visceral branches of the IIVs resection group (RVR group) and the NRVR group (without routine resection). The main outcomes were postoperative complications and the number of lateral lymph nodes harvested.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CAPOX) alone for low- and intermediate-risk stage II/III rectal cancer: Long-term follow-up of a prospective single-arm study.

Background: Stratified treatment has been recommended for rectal cancer. Our previous multicenter randomized trial showed that low-/intermediate-risk rectal cancer patients did not benefit much from neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. In our phase II study, we found that stage II/III rectal cancer patients with low-/intermediate risks can be managed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone and achieve a good response.

Transcriptome profiling of intact bowel wall reveals that PDE1A and SEMA3D are possible markers with roles in enteric smooth muscle apoptosis, proliferative disorders, and dysautonomia in Crohn's disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex and multifactorial inflammatory condition, comprising Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). While numerous studies have explored the immune response in IBD through transcriptional profiling of the enteric mucosa, the subtle distinctions in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis remain insufficiently understood. The intact bowel wall specimens from IBD surgical patients were divided based on their inflammatory status into inflamed Crohn's disease (iCD), inflamed ulcerative colitis (iUC) and non-inflamed (niBD) groups for RNA sequencing.

Closure of pelvic peritoneum with bladder peritoneum flap reconstruction after laparoscopic extralevator abdominoperineal excision: A prospective stage II study.

Background: Extralevator abdominoperineal resection (ELAPE) has increased perineal wound complications due to the extended resection area. Closure of the pelvic peritoneum (CPP) may exclude the abdominal content from descending into the pelvic cavity and reduce the incidence of perineal complications after ELAPE. We have previously introduced bladder peritoneum flap reconstruction (BLAPER) as a novel method for patients in whom traditional CPP is not possible.

Predicting Rectal Cancer Response to Total Neoadjuvant Treatment Using an Artificial Intelligence Model Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical Data.

Purpose: To develop a model for predicting response to total neoadjuvant treatment (TNT) for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) based on baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical data using artificial intelligence methods.

Methods: Baseline MRI and clinical data were curated from patients with LARC and analyzed using logistic regression (LR) and deep learning (DL) methods to predict TNT response retrospectively. We defined two groups of response to TNT as pathological complete response (pCR) versus non-pCR (Group 1), and high sensitivity [tumor regression grade (TRG) 0 and TRG 1] versus moderate sensitivity (TRG 2 or patients with TRG 3 and a reduction in tumor volume of at least 20% compared to baseline) versus low sensitivity (TRG 3 and a reduction in tumor volume <20% compared to baseline) (Group 2).

Where is the optimal plane to mobilize the anterior rectal wall in female patients undergoing total mesorectal excision?

Background: Since Heald proposed the total mesorectal excision (TME) procedure, the prognosis of patients with rectal cancer has been significantly improved. But Heald did not specifically describe the anterior surgical plane in female patients. And the surgical plane for mobilizing the anterior rectal wall during TME surgery in female patients remains controversial.

Total neoadjuvant therapy versus chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: Bayesian network meta-analysis.

Background: Total neoadjuvant therapy is a promising treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer, utilizing either short-course radiotherapy or long-course chemoradiotherapy, but their relative efficacy remains unclear. The aim of this Bayesian network meta-analysis was to investigate clinical outcomes amongst patients receiving total neoadjuvant therapy with short-course radiotherapy or long-course chemoradiotherapy, and those receiving long-course chemoradiotherapy alone.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed.

The same parastomal hernia repairs rate in the different approaches to colostomy.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the parastomal hernia repairs rate in the different approaches to colostomy and investigate the risk factors for parastomal hernia formation in patients with permanent colostomies.

Methods: Consecutive rectal cancer patients who underwent abdominoperineal resection from June 2014 to July 2020 in West China Hospital were divided into two groups according to their surgical approach for permanent colostomies. The impact of different approaches to colostomy on parastomal hernia repairs was determined by comparing a group of patients receiving an extraperitoneal route to colostomy with a group receiving transperitoneal.

Immunotherapy with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Promising Individualized Treatment Strategy.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the high incident and lethal malignant tumors, and most of the patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. The treatment of CRC mainly includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and molecular targeted therapy. Despite these approaches have increased overall survival (OS) of CRC patients, the prognosis of advanced CRC remains poor.

Association of MicroRNA-652 Expression with Radiation Response of Colorectal Cancer: A Study from Rectal Cancer Patients in a Swedish Trial of Preoperative Radiotherapy.

Background: Radiotherapy is a standard adjuvant therapy in patients with progressive rectal cancer, but many patients are resistant to radiotherapy, leading to poor prognosis. Our study identified value on radiotherapy response and outcome in rectal cancer patients.

Methods: expression was determined by qPCR in primary rectal cancer from 48 patients with and 53 patients without radiotherapy.

Methylene blue can increase the number of lymph nodes harvested in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.

Aim: The lymph node (LN) status plays an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC), which depends on adequate LN harvest. In some studies, methylene blue has been used to increase the number of LNs harvested in vitro. The purpose was to evaluate the effect of methylene blue staining on LN harvest during radical resection of CRC.

Day-case loop ileostomy reversal based on the community hospital joined enhanced recovery after surgery (CHJ-ERAS) program in China: Safe and feasible.

Background: This study was performed to determine the feasibility of Day-case loop ileostomy reversal (DLIR) in China based on the community hospital joined enhanced recovery after surgery (CHJ-ERAS) program.

Method: Patients who underwent loop ileostomy were enrolled in the CHJ-ERAS program for DLIR after rigorous evaluation. The primary outcome was the results of short-term follow-ups.

Surgical Intervention Could Relieve Obstruction-Related Symptoms of Refractory Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome: Long-Term Follow-up Results.

Purpose: Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is one of the rare causes of chronic duodenal obstruction. The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcomes of surgical management of refractory SMAS (Re-SMAS) in our institution during the last decade.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive patients diagnosed as Re-SMAS and underwent surgical intervention were retrospectively enrolled.

Pathological response and safety of FOLFOXIRI for neoadjuvant treatment of high-risk relapsed locally advanced colon cancer: study protocol for a single-arm, open-label phase II trial.

Introduction: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has been demonstrated effective in several tumours, but its benefit has not yet been elucidated in colorectal cancer, especially locally advanced colorectal cancer (LACRC).

Methods And Analysis: This is a single-arm, open-label, prospective phase II exploratory clinical trial. Patients with LACRC will receive four cycles of NAC with 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin and irinotecan (FOLFOXIRI), followed by operation and then adjuvant chemotherapy with capecitabine and oxaliplatin for two to five cycles or single-agent capecitabine for five cycles, or observation.

The effect of BMI on long-term outcome in patients with rectal cancer and establishment of a nomogram prediction model.

Background: The effects of body mass index (BMI) in patients with rectal cancer have been poorly studied and are still controversial. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of BMI on the long-term outcome in patients with rectal cancer after radical surgery.

Materials And Methods: Between April 2012 and December 2020, patients who received total mesorectal excision (TME) surgery were enrolled in the study.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs): Novel potential therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common malignant tumor and one of the most lethal malignant tumors in the world. Despite treatment with a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and/or systemic treatment, including chemotherapy and targeted therapy, the prognosis of patients with advanced CRC remains poor. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore novel therapeutic strategies and targets for the treatment of CRC.

Laparoscopic surgery contributes to a decrease in short-term complications in surgical ulcerative colitis patients during 2008-2017: a multicenter retrospective study in China.

Background/aims: The aim of this study was to analyze the chronological changes in postoperative complications in surgical ulcerative colitis patients over the past decade in China and to investigate the potential parameters that contributed to the changes.

Methods: Ulcerative colitis patients who underwent surgery during 2008-2017 were retrospectively enrolled from 13 hospitals in China. Postoperative complications were compared among different operation years.

The origin of gastric cancer stem cells and their effects on gastric cancer: Novel therapeutic targets for gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies and the most common causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Furthermore, the prognosis of advanced GC remains poor even after surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy. As a small group of cells with unlimited differentiation and self-renewal ability in GC, accumulating evidence shows that GC stem cells (GCSCs) are closely associated with the refractory characteristics of GC, such as drug resistance, recurrence, and metastasis.

The diagnostic value of exosomal circular RNAs in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Recently, serum exosomal circular RNAs (circRNAs) were applied to discriminate cancer patients from healthy individuals, indicating that exosomal circRNAs have the potential to be novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. This study aims to summarize the role of exosomal circRNAs in cancer diagnosis by a meta-analysis.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted up to July 2021 in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Database.