How to promote the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system: A tripartite evolutionary game theory perspective.

Due to the disorderly access to medical care and inefficient use of health resources, the advancement of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment is more valued in promoting health system reform. Hence, this article integrates prospect theory into an evolutionary game model of the local government health departments, the medical institutions, and the patients in the system promotion of the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment. The simulation shows the specific influencing mechanism of the psychological perceived value of game subjects.

N-Doped Hierarchically Porous CNT@C Membranes for Accelerating Polysulfide Redox Conversion for High-Energy Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

To improve the structural design of electrodes and interlayers for practical applications of Li-S batteries, we report two scalable porous CNT@C membranes for high-energy Li-S batteries. The asymmetric CNT@C (1:2) membrane with both dense and macroporous layers can act as an Al-free cathode for current collection and high sulfur loading, while the symmetric CNT@C (1:1) membrane with hierarchically porous networks can be used as an interlayer to trap lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), thus weakening the shuttle effect by strong adsorption of the N atoms toward LiPSs. The doped N sites in carbon membranes are identified as bifunctional active centers that electrocatalytically accelerate the oxidation of LiS and polysulfide conversion.

Triple-Layered Carbon-SiO Composite Membrane for High Energy Density and Long Cycling Li-S Batteries.

Here we report a highly scalable yet flexible triple-layer structured porous C/SiO membrane via a facile phase inversion method for advancing Li-sulfur battery technology. As a multifunctional current-collector-free cathode, the conductive dense layer of the C/SiO membrane offers hierarchical macropores as an ideal sulfur host to alleviate the volume expansion of sulfur species and facilitate ion/electrolyte transport for fast kinetics, as well as spongelike pores to enable high sulfur loading. The triple-layer structured membrane cathode enables the filling of most sulfur species in the macropores and additional loading of a thin sulfur slurry on the membrane surface, which facilitates ion/electrolyte transport with faster kinetics than the conventional S/C slurry-based cathode.

Multishelled Transition Metal-Based Microspheres: Synthesis and Applications for Batteries and Supercapacitors.

With the rapid growth of material innovations, multishelled hollow nanostructures are of tremendous interest due to their unique structural features and attractive physicochemical properties. Continued effort has been made in the geometric manipulation, composition complexity, and construction diversity of this material, expanding its applications. Energy storage technology has benefited from the large surface area, short transport path, and excellent buffering ability of the nanostructures.

Novel Triple Tertiary Amine Polymer-Based Hydrogen Bond Network Inducing Highly Efficient Proton-Conducting Channels of Amphoteric Membranes for High-Performance Vanadium Redox Flow Battery.

A novel amphoteric membrane was designed by blending triple tertiary amine-grafted poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO-TTA) with sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) for vanadium redox flow batteries. An "acid-base pair" effect is formed by the combination of the tertiary amine group and sulfonic group, and extra nonbonding amine groups could be protonated. Both of them constitute a hydrogen bond network, which facilitates proton conduction and also hinders vanadium permeability because of the lowered swelling ratio and Donnan effect.

Interpenetrated Networks between Graphitic Carbon Infilling and Ultrafine TiO Nanocrystals with Patterned Macroporous Structure for High-Performance Lithium Ion Batteries.

Interpenetrated networks between graphitic carbon infilling and ultrafine TiO nanocrystals with patterned macropores (100-200 nm) were successfully synthesized. Polypyrrole layer was conformably coated on the primary TiO nanoparticles (∼8 nm) by a photosensitive reaction and was then transformed into carbon infilling in the interparticle mesopores of the TiO nanoparticles. Compared to the carbon/graphene supported TiO nanoparticles or carbon coated TiO nanostructures, the carbon infilling would provide a conductive medium and buffer layer for volume expansion of the encapsulated TiO nanoparticles, thus enhancing conductivity and cycle stability of the C-TiO anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs).

Multishelled NiO Hollow Microspheres for High-performance Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Energy Density and Robust Cycle Life.

Multishelled NiO hollow microspheres for high-performance supercapacitors have been prepared and the formation mechanism has been investigated. By using resin microspheres to absorb Ni(2+) and subsequent proper calcinations, the shell numbers, shell spacing and exterior shell structure were facilely controlled via varying synthetic parameters. Particularly, the exterior shell structure that accurately associated with the ion transfer is finely controlled by forming a single shell or closed exterior double-shells.

Wavelength-tunable photoconductivity of dye-sensitized TiO2 nanoparticle films.

We report in this Letter that wavelength-tunable photodetectors (PDs) can be fabricated by dye-sensitized TiO2 nanoparticle film. The photoelectric response of the detectors is fast. The photocurrent intensity strongly depends on the absorption wavelength of the dye; thus the on/off ratio as a function of light wavelength can be tuned by absorbing different dye molecules.

CT finding is an index in assessment of outcome in patients with diffuse traumatic brain swelling.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between the prognosis of the patients with diffuse traumatic brain swelling (DTBS) and the changes of the ventricles and the cisterns in CT scans. METHODS: The outcome of the patients with DTBS and the changes of the ventricles and the cisterns in CT scans were studied and analyzed in a group of 268 cases. We focused on the changes of the third ventricle and the basal cistern, age and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS).