A lightweight and efficient model for grape bunch detection and biophysical anomaly assessment in complex environments based on YOLOv8s.

As one of the most important economic crops, grapes have attracted considerable attention due to their high yield, rich nutritional value, and various health benefits. Identifying grape bunches is crucial for maintaining the quality and quantity of grapes, as well as managing pests and diseases. In recent years, the combination of automated equipment with object detection technology has been instrumental in achieving this.

TGR5 agonist inhibits intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis via cAMP/PKA/c-FLIP/JNK signaling pathway and ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis.

Excessive apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) is a crucial cause of disrupted epithelium homeostasis, leading to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). The regulation of Takeda G protein-coupled receptor-5 (TGR5) in IEC apoptosis and the underlying molecular mechanisms remained unclear, and the direct evidence from selective TGR5 agonists for the treatment of UC is also lacking. Here, we synthesized a potent and selective TGR5 agonist OM8 with high distribution in intestinal tract and investigated its effect on IEC apoptosis and UC treatment.

Person image generation through graph-based and appearance-decomposed generative adversarial network.

Due to the sophisticated entanglements for non-rigid deformation, generating person images from source pose to target pose is a challenging work. In this paper, we present a novel framework to generate person images with shape consistency and appearance consistency. The proposed framework leverages the graph network to infer the global relationship of source pose and target pose in a graph for better pose transfer.

Laser solid-phase synthesis of single-atom catalysts.

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) with atomically dispersed catalytic sites have shown outstanding catalytic performance in a variety of reactions. However, the development of facile and high-yield techniques for the fabrication of SACs remains challenging. In this paper, we report a laser-induced solid-phase strategy for the synthesis of Pt SACs on graphene support.

3D Hand Pose Estimation Based on Five-Layer Ensemble CNN.

Estimating accurate 3D hand pose from a single RGB image is a highly challenging problem in pose estimation due to self-geometric ambiguities, self-occlusions, and the absence of depth information. To this end, a novel Five-Layer Ensemble CNN (5LENet) is proposed based on hierarchical thinking, which is designed to decompose the hand pose estimation task into five single-finger pose estimation sub-tasks. Then, the sub-task estimation results are fused to estimate full 3D hand pose.

Unravelling the Mechanism of Rechargeable Aqueous Zn-MnO Batteries: Implementation of Charging Process by Electrodeposition of MnO.

Poor cycling stability and mechanistic controversies have hindered the wider application of rechargeable aqueous Zn-MnO batteries. Herein, direct evidence was provided of the importance of Mn in this type of battery by using a bespoke cell. Without pre-addition of Mn , the cell exhibited an abnormal discharge-charge profile, meaning it functioned as a primary battery.

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor sitagliptin protected against dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis by potentiating the action of GLP-2.

Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), a ubiquitously expressed protease that cleaves off the N-terminal dipeptide from proline and alanine on the penultimate position, has important roles in many physiological processes. In the present study, experimental colitis was induced in mice receiving 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water. We found that mice with DSS-induced colitis had significantly increased intestinal DPP activity and decreased serum DPP activity, suggesting a probable correlation of DPP4 with experimental colitis.

3D Printing of Freestanding MXene Architectures for Current-Collector-Free Supercapacitors.

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies appear as a paradigm for scalable manufacture of electrochemical energy storage (EES) devices, where complex 3D architectures are typically required but are hard to achieve using conventional techniques. The combination of these technologies and innovative material formulations that maximize surface area accessibility and ion transport within electrodes while minimizing space are of growing interest. Herein, aqueous inks composed of atomically thin (1-3 nm) 2D Ti C T with large lateral size of about 8 µm possessing ideal viscoelastic properties are formulated for extrusion-based 3D printing of freestanding, high specific surface area architectures to determine the viability of manufacturing energy storage devices.

TGR5 agonist ameliorates insulin resistance in the skeletal muscles and improves glucose homeostasis in diabetic mice.

Background And Purpose: TGR5 plays an important role in many physiological processes. However, the functions of TGR5 in the regulation of the glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscles have not been fully elucidated. We synthesized MN6 as a potent and selective TGR5 agonist.

In Situ Self-Template Synthesis of Fe-N-Doped Double-Shelled Hollow Carbon Microspheres for Oxygen Reduction Reaction.

Herein, we reported a special Fe-N-doped double-shelled hollow carbon microsphere (Fe-N-DSC) which was prepared by a facile, in situ polymerization followed by pyrolysis. With porous ferroferric oxide (FeO) hollow microspheres as the templates, where pyrrole monomers were dispersed around the outer surface and prefilled the interior space. By adding hydrochloric acid, Fe ions were released to initiate polymerization of pyrrole on both the outer and inner surfaces of FeO microspheres until they were completely dissolved, resulting in the Fe-containing polypyrrole double-shelled hollow carbon microspheres (Fe-PPY-DSC).

In vitro and in vivo antitumor effects of acetylshikonin isolated from Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst (Ruanzicao) cell suspension cultures.

Background: Shikonin derivatives have cytotoxic and antitumor effects. This study aims to investigate the antitumor effects of acetylshikonin isolated from a Chinese medicinal herb Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst.

Methods: The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to determine the in vitro antitumor effects of acetylshikonin on human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549, human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Bel-7402, human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 and mouse Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cell line.