Bortezomib-releasing silica-collagen xerogels for local treatment of osteolytic bone- and minimal residual disease in multiple myeloma.

Background: Accumulation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow causes lytic bone lesions in 80% of multiple myeloma patients. Frequently fracturing, they are challenging to treat surgically. Myeloma cells surviving treatment in the presumably protective environment of bone lesions impede their healing by continued impact on bone turnover and can explain regular progression of patients without detectable minimal residual disease (MRD).

Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Diagnostic Tool and Potential Therapeutic Approach for Equine Osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic progressive degenerative joint disease that affects a significant portion of the equine population and humans worldwide. Current treatment options for equine OA are limited and incompletely curative. Horses provide an excellent large-animal model for studying human OA.

Effect of storage conditions on the quality of equine and canine mesenchymal stem cell derived nanoparticles including extracellular vesicles for research and therapy.

Nanoparticles including extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells are of increasing interest for research and clinical use in regenerative medicine. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including also previously named exosomes, provide a promising cell-free tool for therapeutic applications, which is probably a safer approach to achieve sufficient healing. Storage of EVs may be necessary for clinical applications as well as for further experiments, as the preparation is sometimes laborious and larger quantities tend to be gained.

Optimizing the Adipogenic Induction Protocol Using Rosiglitazone Improves the Physiological Parameters and Differentiation Capacity of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Horses, Sheep, Dogs, Murines, and Humans.

The investigation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) has received considerable interest in regenerative medicine. A nontoxic adipogenic induction protocol valid for cells of different mammalian species has not been described. This study aims to establish an adipogenic differentiation protocol suitable for horses, sheep, dogs, murines, and human cells.

Frequency and Characterisation of Anomalies and Fractures of the Caudal Spine in Sheep with Undocked Tails.

As tails are often docked within the first days of life, studies investigating tail malformations and injuries in sheep do not exist thus far. To address this gap in the literature, this research aimed to analyse the occurrence of vertebral anomalies and fractures in the tail within an undocked Merinoland sheep population. At 14 weeks of age, the caudal spines of 216 undocked Merinoland lambs was radiographically examined, and tail length and circumference were measured.

[Phenotyping the sheep tail - Presentation of characterization methods in the context of breeding for short-tailedness].

Objective: In order to establish targeted breeding for short-tailedness, a suitable method must initially be found that allows phenotyping of the sheep tail beyond tail length. In this study, in addition to assessing body measurements, more advanced studies such as ultrasonography and radiology were performed on the caudal spine of sheep for the first time. The objective of this work was to analyze the physiological variation of tail lengths and vertebrae within a merino sheep population.

The effect of hypoxia on myogenic differentiation and multipotency of the skeletal muscle-derived stem cells in mice.

Background: Skeletal muscle-derived stem cells (SC) have become a promising approach for investigating myogenic differentiation and optimizing tissue regeneration. Muscle regeneration is performed by SC, a self-renewal cell population underlying the basal lamina of muscle fibers. Here, we examined the impact of hypoxia condition on the regenerative capacity of SC either in their native microenvironment or via isolation in a monolayer culture using ectopic differentiation inductions.

Distribution pattern of local immune cells within the lower urinary tract of male sheep lambs.

The local immunity of the lower urinary tract (LUT) is often presumed to influence the development of ascending infections and local inflammation. Due to small ruminants being at a higher risk of developing obstructive urolithiasis after early castration, a relationship is expected to exist between disturbed local immunity, castration and disease. However, the underlying pathophysiology and histological correlation of this assumption are unknown.

Podosome-Driven Defect Development in Lamellar Bone under the Conditions of Senile Osteoporosis Observed at the Nanometer Scale.

The degradation mechanism of human trabecular bone harvested from the central part of the femoral head of a patient with a fragility fracture of the femoral neck under conditions of senile osteoporosis was investigated by high-resolution electron microscopy. As evidenced by light microscopy, there is a disturbance of bone metabolism leading to severe and irreparable damages to the bone structure. These defects are evoked by osteoclasts and thus podosome activity.

An in-depth diagnostic exploration of an inflammation and necrosis syndrome in a population of newborn piglets.

Inflammation and loss of tail integrity can be reasons for serious impairment of animal welfare and one of the major challenges facing modern pig farming. Evidence from practice increasingly suggests that tail lesions might be caused not only by tail biting but also by inflammation and necrosis, which can occur without any action from other pigs. Such changes are not limited to the tail but can also be observed in the ears, heels and soles, claw coronary bands, teats, navel, vulva and face.

Characterisation of stemness and multipotency of ovine muscle-derived stem cells from various muscle sources.

Muscle stem cells (MSCs) are a promising tool for cell-based therapy and tissue regeneration in veterinary medicine. Evaluation of MSCs from muscles of different origins improves our understanding of their regenerative potential. The present study compared the stemness, cell proliferation, migration potential, myogenic differentiation (MD), and multipotency of MSCs for four developmentally different muscles of ovine origin.

Combined macromolecule biomaterials together with fluid shear stress promote the osteogenic differentiation capacity of equine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Background: Combination of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and biomaterials is a rapidly growing approach in regenerative medicine particularly for chronic degenerative disorders including osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. The present study examined the effect of biomaterial scaffolds on equine adipose-derived MSC morphology, viability, adherence, migration, and osteogenic differentiation.

Methods: MSCs were cultivated in conjunction with collagen CultiSpher-S Microcarrier (MC), nanocomposite xerogels B30 and combined B30 with strontium (B30Str) biomaterials in osteogenic differentiation medium either under static or mechanical fluid shear stress (FSS) culture conditions.

Neuropeptides in the urinary tract of male sheep lambs.

Small ruminants are often presumed to be at a higher risk of developing obstructive urolithiasis after early castration. However, the underlying pathophysiology and histological correlation of this assumption is unknown. This study examines the neuropeptide distribution of the lower urinary tract in male lambs in respect to castration status or a recent history of obstructive urolithiasis.

Effect of long term palmitate treatment on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells - Impact of albumin.

The long-term effects of palmitate (PA) on osteogenic differentiation capacity of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) were investigated by cultivating the cells in osteogenic differentiation medium (O-w/o) and osteogenic medium containing PA (O-BSA-PA) for 21 days. Osteogenic medium containing BSA (O-BSA) was used as a control. By means of rt-qPCR, successful osteogenic differentiation was observed in the O-w/o regarding the levels of osteogenic and cell-communication related genes (, , , , , , ) in contrast to expression levels observed in cells incubated within basal medium.

In Vitro and In Vivo Biocompatibility Studies of a Cast and Coated Titanium Alloy.

The biocompatibility of a cast porous and with a calcium titanate reaction layer functionalized titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-7Nb) was tested by means of cell culture, and a small (rat) and large animal (sheep) model. The uncoated titanium material served as a control. In-vitro tests included the validation of osteoblast-like cells attached to the surface of the material with scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence of cytoskeletal actin as well as their osteogenic development, the ability to mineralize, and their vitality.

Effects of testosterone and 17β-estradiol on osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacity of human bone-derived mesenchymal stromal cells of postmenopausal women.

Progressive bone loss is a predominant symptom of aging and osteoporosis. Therefore, the effects of sex steroids (i.e.

Biomaterial based treatment of osteoclastic/osteoblastic cell imbalance - Gelatin-modified calcium/strontium phosphates.

Osteoporotic bone represents - particularly in case of fractures - difficult conditions for its regeneration. In the present study, the focus was put on a degradable bone substitute material of gelatin-modified calcium and strontium phosphates facing the special demands of osteoporotic bone. The release of strontium ions from the material ought to stimulate osteoblastogenesis either direct by ion release or indirect after material resorption by increased presence and activity of osteoclasts, which subsequently stimulate osteoblasts.

The effect of high-fat diet on the morphological properties of the forelimb musculature in hypertrophic myostatin null mice.

Obesity is a worldwide nutritional disorder affecting body performance, including skeletal muscle. Inhibition of myostatin not only increases the muscle mass but also it reduces body fat accumulation. We examined the effect of high-fat diet on the phenotypic properties of forelimb muscles from myostatin null mice.

The Addition of High Doses of Hyaluronic Acid to a Biphasic Bone Substitute Decreases the Proinflammatory Tissue Response.

Biphasic bone substitutes (BBS) are currently well-established biomaterials. Through their constant development, even natural components like hyaluronic acid (HY) have been added to improve both their handling and also their regenerative properties. However, little knowledge exists regarding the consequences of the addition of HY to their biocompatibility and the inflammatory tissue reactions.

Influence of mechanical fluid shear stress on the osteogenic differentiation protocols for Equine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Cell-based therapies have become a promising approach to promote tissue regeneration and the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. Bone regeneration maintains bone homeostasis, mechanical stability and physical performance. Mechanical stimulation showed to induce stem cell differentiation into the osteogenic fate.

Exosomes isolation and identification from equine mesenchymal stem cells.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells are used for different therapeutic approaches, e.g. for osteoarthritis, lesions of the tendon as well as for bone defects.

Strontium ions promote in vitro human bone marrow stromal cell proliferation and differentiation in calcium-lacking media.

In order to investigate the influence of calcium and strontium ion concentration on human bone marrow stromal cells and their differentiation to osteoblasts, different cell culture media have been used. Even though this study does not contain a bone substitute material, the reason for this study was the decrease of cation concentration by many biomaterials, due to induced apatite precipitation. As a consequence, the reduced calcium ion concentration is known to affect osteoblastic development.

Incorporation of silicon into strontium modified calcium phosphate bone cements promotes osteoclastogenesis of human peripheral mononuclear blood cells.

Given the important effects of strontium and silicon on cells of the bone as well as the increasing incidence of osteoporotic fractures, calcium phosphate-based bone cements containing silicon and strontium might represent a promising tool for bone replacement therapies of systemically altered bone. However, information about combined effects of strontium and silicon on osteoclastogenesis is still not available. Therefore, differentiation capacity of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells into osteoclast-like cells was investigated by culturing the cells in combination with a strontium- (pS100) and a strontium/silicon-modified calcium phosphate bone cement (pS100-G).

Manipulation of osteoclastogenesis: Bioactive multiphasic silica/collagen composites and their effects of surface and degradation products.

The intent of the present study was to demonstrate that multiphasic silica/collagen xerogels are able to manipulate cellular processes. These xerogels were prepared by a sol-gel approach allowing the incorporation of mineral phases. The resulting nanocomposites are designed as biomaterial for bone regeneration.