Single-cell RNA sequencing of chronic idiopathic erythroderma defines disease-specific markers.

Background: Chronic erythroderma is a potentially life-threatening condition that can be caused by a variety of diseases, but approximately 30% of cases remain idiopathic, often with insufficient treatment options.

Objective: To establish a molecular disease map of chronic idiopathic erythroderma.

Methods: We performed single-cell RNA sequencing combined with T-cell receptor sequencing of blood and skin from 5 chronic idiopathic erythroderma (CIE) patients and compared results with 8 cases of erythrodermic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (eCTCL), 15 moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD), 10 psoriasis and 20 healthy control (HC) individuals.

Anatomy of the aortic segmental arteries-the fundamentals of preventing spinal cord ischemia in aortic aneurysm repair.

Objective: Spinal cord ischemia due to damage or occlusion of the orifices of aortic segmental arteries (ASA) is a serious complication of open and endovascular aortic repair. Our study aims to provide detailed descriptions of the proximal course of the ASAs and metric information on their origins.

Materials And Methods: Initially, 200 randomly selected, embalmed cadavers of human body donors were anatomically dissected and systematically examined.

Consensus Statement on Brillouin Light Scattering Microscopy of Biological Materials.

Brillouin Light Scattering (BLS) spectroscopy is a non-invasive, non-contact, label-free optical technique that can provide information on the mechanical properties of a material on the sub-micron scale. Over the last decade it has seen increased applications in the life sciences, driven by the observed significance of mechanical properties in biological processes, the realization of more sensitive BLS spectrometers and its extension to an imaging modality. As with other spectroscopic techniques, BLS measurements not only detect signals characteristic of the investigated sample, but also of the experimental apparatus, and can be significantly affected by measurement conditions.

Stiffness-Dependent Lysyl Oxidase Regulation through Hypoxia-Inducing Factor 1 Drives Extracellular Matrix Modifications in Psoriasis.

Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by a thickened epidermis with elongated rete ridges and massive immune cell infiltration. It is currently unclear what impact mechanoregulatory aspects may have on disease progression. Using multiphoton second harmonic generation microscopy, we found that the extracellular matrix was profoundly reorganized within psoriatic dermis.

Overexpression of Igf2-derived Mir483 inhibits Igf1 expression and leads to developmental growth restriction and metabolic dysfunction in mice.

Mir483 is a conserved and highly expressed microRNA in placental mammals, embedded within the Igf2 gene. Its expression is dysregulated in a number of human diseases, including metabolic disorders and certain cancers. Here, we investigate the developmental regulation and function of Mir483 in vivo.

Ultrasound-Guided Blockade of the Lateral Cutaneous Branch of the Iliohypogastric Nerve to Differentiate Neuropathy From Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome: Cadaver Study and Initial Case Series.

Objective: Neuropathy of the lateral cutaneous branch of the iliohypogastric nerve (LCBIN) may represent a differential diagnosis for greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS). Ultrasound-guided neural blockade of the LCBIN may lead to diagnosis of this neuropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound-guided nerve block in cadavers and to present a first clinical case series of patients with neuropathy of the LCBIN where the workup for GTPS remained unremarkable.

The Viennese dissection course-A model for Habsburg medical teaching (1787-1848).

This article delves into the beginnings of the dissection course, a teaching practice which today is still in place in Vienna and continues to shape future medical practitioners. Based on a comparison of different historical sources the article shows that the Viennese tradition of a dissection course dates back to the 1780s and the initiative of the anatomist Joseph Barth to build a dissection institute and to implement a dissection course, two endeavors that coincided with Joseph II's reform ideas regarding a practically orientated medical and surgical education and a Europe-wide practice turn. Additionally, this paper shows the role of the Viennese dissection course as model for other Habsburg universities and, thus, explains the similarities of today's dissection courses in different former Habsburg universities.

Mast cell-derived BH4 and serotonin are critical mediators of postoperative pain.

Postoperative pain affects most patients after major surgery and can transition to chronic pain. The considerable side effects and limited efficacy of current treatments underline the need for new therapeutic options. We observed increased amounts of the metabolites BH4 and serotonin after skin injury.

Single-cell RNA sequencing comparison of CD4+, CD8+ and TCR-γδ+ cutaneous T-cell lymphomas reveals subset-specific molecular phenotypes.

Background: Malignant clones of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) can show a CD4, CD8 or TCR-γδ phenotype, but their individual impact on tumor biology and skin lesion formation remains ill-defined.

Objectives: To perform a comprehensive molecular characterization of CD4+ vs. CD8+ and TCR-γ/δ+ CTCL lesions.

Three-dimensional structural and metric characterisation of cardioids.

Exact three-dimensional (3D) structural information of developing organoids is key for optimising organoid generation and for studying experimental outcomes in organoid models. We set up a 3D imaging technique and studied complexly arranged native and experimentally challenged cardioids of two stages of remodelling. The imaging technique we employed is S-HREM (Scanning High Resolution Episcopic Microscopy), a variant of HREM, which captures multiple images of subsequently exposed surfaces of resin blocks and automatically combines them to large sized digital volume data of voxels sizes below 1 μm.

Diagnostic potential of blood plasma longitudinal viscosity measured using Brillouin light scattering.

Blood plasma viscosity (PV) is an established biomarker for numerous diseases. Measurement of the shear PV using conventional rheological techniques is, however, time consuming and requires significant plasma volumes. Here, we show that Brillouin light scattering (BLS) and angle-resolved spectroscopy measurements of the longitudinal PV from microliter-sized plasma volumes can serve as a proxy for the shear PV measured using conventional viscometers.

Successful evaluation of a new image-based parameter for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: ultrasound assessment of longitudinal median nerve gliding in patients, healthy volunteers, and cadavers.

Background: Reduced longitudinal median nerve gliding is a new promising diagnostic feature in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). However, the complexity of existing ultrasound analysis protocols undermines the application in routine clinical practice.

Aim: To provide a simple method for assessing longitudinal gliding with ultrasound, without the need for post-hoc image analysis.

Development of a Cellular Assay as a Personalized Model for Testing Chronic Wound Therapeutics.

Exudates of nonhealing wounds contain drivers of pathogenicity. We utilized >800 exudates from nonhealing and healing wounds of diverse etiologies, collected by 3 different methods, to develop a wound-specific, cell-based functional biomarker assay. Human dermal fibroblast proliferation served as readout to (i) differentiate between healing and nonhealing wounds, (ii) follow the healing process of individual patients, and (iii) assess the effects of therapeutics for chronic wounds ex vivo.

Genotypic cluster analysis of reveals a spectrum of sexual mixing including among HIV-serodiscordant men who have sex with men.

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are more vulnerable to acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In 2019, for instance, 74% of European (Ng) cases among males affected MSM. A recent report by the World Health Organization showed that most of the 2020' interim targets to end STIs by 2030 had not been met.

Anatomical evaluation of a novel echocardiography based tricuspid valve classification in 60 hearts from body donors.

Objectives: This study aimed to provide comprehensive morphological descriptions of the morphology of the tricuspid valve and to evaluate if a novel echocardiography-based tricuspid valve nomenclature can also be understood anatomically.

Methods: Tricuspid valves of 60 non-embalmed human body donors without a medical history of pathologies or macroscopic malformations of the heart were included. Length, height and surface area of leaflets were measured.

Revisiting the microsurgical anatomy of the sagittal stratum and surgical implications: fiber microdissection and tractography study.

Objective: The term "sagittal stratum" was coined by Heinrich Sachs in 1892 to define a parasagittally oriented white matter layer at the temporo-occipital cortex. Although this term has been widely used for more than 100 years, the description, classification, borders, and involved fibers of the structure vary among authors and remain imprecise. Through fiber microdissection and tractography, the authors aimed to define the sagittal stratum and resolve the uncertainty by revealing the relationship of this structure to other cerebral white matter pathways and the orientation of fibers in it.

[Anatomical Identification and Possibilities of Transfer of the Masseteric Nerve for Facial Reanimation].

Background: The masseteric nerve (MN) is often used as a donor nerve for facial reanimation. In addition to already established techniques, MN transfer is rapidly gaining importance, mainly due to the single-stage approach of the procedure and its reconstructive potential. This anatomical study and the associated questionnaire study aimed to evaluate the established methods for identification of the MN and its suitability for direct nerve transfer as well as to assess the importance of MN transfer in the daily clinical routine.

A human neural crest model reveals the developmental impact of neuroblastoma-associated chromosomal aberrations.

Early childhood tumours arise from transformed embryonic cells, which often carry large copy number alterations (CNA). However, it remains unclear how CNAs contribute to embryonic tumourigenesis due to a lack of suitable models. Here we employ female human embryonic stem cell (hESC) differentiation and single-cell transcriptome and epigenome analysis to assess the effects of chromosome 17q/1q gains, which are prevalent in the embryonal tumour neuroblastoma (NB).

Characterization, number, and spatial organization of nerve fibers in the human cervical vagus nerve and its superior cardiac branch.

Background: Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve (VN) is a therapy for epilepsy, obesity, depression, and heart diseases. However, whole nerve stimulation leads to side effects. We examined the neuroanatomy of the mid-cervical segment of the human VN and its superior cardiac branch to gain insight into the side effects of VN stimulation and aid in developing targeted stimulation strategies.

JAK-STAT signaling maintains homeostasis in T cells and macrophages.

Immune cells need to sustain a state of constant alertness over a lifetime. Yet, little is known about the regulatory processes that control the fluent and fragile balance that is called homeostasis. Here we demonstrate that JAK-STAT signaling, beyond its role in immune responses, is a major regulator of immune cell homeostasis.