Evaluation of the novel endophytic fungus Chaetomium ascotrichoides 1-24-2 from Pinus massoniana as a biocontrol agent against pine wilt disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.

Background: Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causative agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), is an ever-increasing threat to Pinus forests worldwide. This study aimed to develop biological control of PWD by the application of endophytic fungi isolated from healthy pine trees.

Results: We successfully isolated a novel endophytic fungal strain 1-24-2 from branches of healthy Pinus massoniana.

Straw and phosphorus applications promote maize ( L.) growth in saline soil through changing soil carbon and phosphorus fractions.

Introduction: Straw return has been widely recognized as an important carbon (C) enhancement measure in agroecosystems, but the C-phosphorus (P) interactions and their effects on plants in saline soils are still unclear.

Methods: In this study, we investigated the effects of straw return and three P application levels, no P fertilizer (Non-P), a conventional application rate of P fertilizer (CP), and a high application rate of P fertilizer (HP), on maize growth and soil C and P fractions through a pot experiment.

Results And Discussion: The results revealed that the dry matter weight of maize plant was no difference between the two straw return levels and was 15.

Improved Adaptive Kalman-Median Filter for Line-Scan X-ray Transmission Image.

With their wide application in industrial fields, the denoising and/or filtering of line-scan images is becoming more important, which also affects the quality of their subsequent recognition or classification. Based on the application of single source dual-energy X-ray transmission (DE-XRT) line-scan in-line material sorting and the different horizontal and vertical characteristics of line-scan images, an improved adaptive Kalman-median filter (IAKMF) was proposed for several kinds of noises of an energy integral detector. The filter was realized through the determination of the off-line noise total covariance, the covariance distribution coefficient between the process noise and measurement noise, the adaptive covariance scale coefficient, calculation scanning mode and single line median filter.

Salicylate Induced GABAAR Internalization by Dopamine D1-Like Receptors Involving Protein Kinase C (PKC) in Spiral Ganglion Neurons.

BACKGROUND Sodium salicylate (SS) induces excitotoxicity of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) by inhibiting the response of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs). Our previous studies have shown that SS can increase the internalization of GABAARs on SGNs, which involves dopamine D1-like receptors (D1Rs) and related signaling pathways. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of D1Rs and their downstream molecule protein kinase C (PKC) in the process of SS inhibiting GABAARs.

Pure single-mode Rayleigh-Taylor instability for arbitrary Atwood numbers.

The validity of theoretical investigation on Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) with nonlinearity is quite important, especially for the simplest and the commonest case of a pure single-mode RTI, while its previous explicit solution in weakly nonlinear scheme is found to have several defections. In this paper, this RTI is strictly solved by the method of the potential functions up to the third order at the weakly nonlinear stage for arbitrary Atwood numbers. It is found that the potential solution includes terms of both the stimulating and inhibiting RTI, while the terms of the decreasing RTI are omitted in the classical solution of the weakly nonlinear scheme, resulting in a big difference between these two results.

Neurotoxicity of sodium salicylate to the spiral ganglion neurons: GABA receptor regulates NMDA receptor by Fyn-dependent phosphorylation.

The purpose of this study was to observe the regulatory effects of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid A) receptor on the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor during excitotoxicity in spiral ganglion neurons in the rat cochlea induced by sodium salicylate (SS). Western blot illustrated SS decreased the expression of NMDA receptor 2B subunit (NR2B) surface protein through affecting GABA receptor, but the total protein content did not significantly change. Y1472 and S1480 are important phosphorylation sites in NR2B, SS downregulated the Fyn-dependent phosphorylation of Y1472 in a manner not related to the CK2 (Casein Kinase 2) dependent phosphorylation of S1480, thus regulating the surface distribution and internalization of NMDA receptor through GABA receptor.

Salicylate-Induced Ototoxicity of Spiral Ganglion Neurons: Ca/CaMKII-Mediated Interaction Between NMDA Receptor and GABA Receptor.

Sodium salicylate (SS) is one of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and widely used in clinical practice. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential ototoxicity mechanism of sodium salicylate: the influence of Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (Ca/CaMKII) in interaction between NMDA receptors (NMDAR) and GABA receptors (GABAR) in rat cochlear spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). After treatment with SS, NMDA, and an NMDAR inhibitor (APV), the changes of GABAR β3 (GABR β3) mRNA, surface and total protein, and GABAR currents in SGNs were assessed by quantitative PCR, Western blot, and whole-cell patch clamp.

Transport properties of dense deuterium-tritium plasmas.

Consistent descriptions of the equation of states and information about the transport coefficients of the deuterium-tritium mixture are demonstrated through quantum molecular dynamic (QMD) simulations (up to a density of 600 g/cm(3) and a temperature of 10(4) eV). Diffusion coefficients and viscosity are compared to the one-component plasma model in different regimes from the strong coupled to the kinetic one. Electronic and radiative transport coefficients, which are compared to models currently used in hydrodynamic simulations of inertial confinement fusion, are evaluated up to 800 eV.

[Metabonomic study of intervention effects of Morinda officinalis on 'kidney-yang deficiency syndrome'].

Objective: To investigate the metabolic profile of hydrocortisone-induced 'Kidney-yang deficiency syndrome'in rats and the intervention effects of Morinda officinalis.

Method: Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) technique was used to analyze the rat metabonome in serum. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were processed to analyze the metabonome difference between the control and hydrocortisone treated samples.

[Peripheral NK and NKT cell in pediatric subjects with chronic HBV infection].

Objective: To investigate the characteristic of NK cells and NKT cells in HBV infected pediatric subjects for evaluation of their clinical implication.

Methods: Fresh peripheral blood samples were obtained from 42 HBV-infected pediatric cases and 15 healthy counterparts. NK cells and NKT cells were analyzed by flow cytometry assay.

[A comparison of the protective activity of liver injury induced by D-galact-osamine between huangqin-tang and their metabolites by human intestinal bacteria].

Objective: To compare the protective activity of liver injury induced by D-galactosamine (GalN) between Huangqin-Tang and their metabolites by human intestinal bacteria(HIB).

Method: The liver injuries in conventional and pseudo-germfree mice were induced by GalN. After oral administration of Huangqin-Tang and their metabolites mixtures by HIB, the serum transaminase (ALT and AST) activities were detected.

[Comparative study on antibacterial effects of huangqin-tang and its metabolites produced by intestinal flora].

Objective: To compare the antibacterial effects of Huangqin-Tang with its metabolites produced by intestinal flora.

Method: The antibacterial tests in vitro and in vivo were performed by agar dilution method and lethal protection of animal respectively.

Result: Huangqin-Tang and its metabolites had antibacterial action on bacteria in vitro, however the antibacterial activity of metabolites of Huangqin-Tang on Salmomella, Dysentery bacillus and Proteus in vitro was stronger than Huangqin-Tang.

[Analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Beijing].

Objective: To study the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic features of 34 cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Beijing.

Methods: All patients were admitted to the isolation wards. Their demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiologic characteristics were analyzed.

Stabilization of ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability due to change of the Atwood number.

Recent experiment [S.G. Glendinning et al.

Metabolism of constituents in Huangqin-Tang, a prescription in traditional Chinese medicine, by human intestinal flora.

In the course of studies on the metabolism of active components of Huangqin-Tang by human intestinal flora (HIF), Huangqin-Tang and all individual herbs in the decoctions were incubated with a human fecal suspension separately. By using a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method which was previously established in our laboratory, the metabolites in both the compound prescription and all the single herb decoctions were identified and determined both qualitatively and quantitatively. We found that the constituents of Huangqin-Tang, incluing baicalin (baicalein 7-glucuronide; BG), wogonoside (wogoninoglucuronide; WG), oroxylin-A-glucuronide (OG) from Scutellariae Radix, paeoniflorin (PF) from Paeoniae Radix, liquiritin (liquiritigenin 4'-O-glucoside; LG), isoliquirtin (isoliquiritigenin 4-glucoside; ILG) and glycyrrhizic acid (GL) from Glycyhhizea Radix, were converted to their metabolites baicalein (B), wogonin (W), oroxylin-A (O), paeonimetabolin-I (PM-I), liquiritigenin (L), isoliquiritigenin (IL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) by HIF.