Diversity and characteristics of species complex (FSSC) isolates causing collar rot and fruit rot of passion fruit in Taiwan.

species complex (FSSC) is a causal agent of collar rot and fruit rot in passion fruit worldwide. This study investigated the diversity and characteristics of FSSC isolates causing collar rot and fruit rot in Taiwanese passion fruit. Thirty-five FSSC isolates were harvested from collar rot and fruit rot samples of passion fruit from various cultivars and different geographical locations in Taiwan.

Analyzing genetic diversity in luffa and developing a Fusarium wilt-susceptible linked SNP marker through a single plant genome-wide association (sp-GWAS) study.

Background: Luffa (Luffa spp.) is an economically important crop of the Cucurbitaceae family, commonly known as sponge gourd or vegetable gourd. It is an annual cross-pollinated crop primarily found in the subtropical and tropical regions of Asia, Australia, Africa, and the Americas.

Antifungal Activity of Cedrol from var. against and Its Mechanism.

is a highly destructive fungus that causes brown root disease in trees, leading to decay and death. In Taiwan, five prized woods-, var. , var.

Histopathology and quantification of green fluorescent protein-tagged f. sp. isolate in resistant and susceptible germplasm.

f. sp. (Folu) is a severe plant pathogen that causes vascular wilt and root rot in plants worldwide.

Endophytic Fungal Diversity in from Taiwan.

The endophytic fungal diversity of , a herb indigenous to Taiwan, was analyzed in this study. In addition, some fungal isolates were evaluated for the risk they pose as plant pathogens. In total, 1836 endophytic fungi were isolated from from Hehuanjian, Puli Township, and Tatachia.

First report of target spot disease of strawberry caused by Corynespora cassiicola in Taiwan.

Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) is an important crop worldwide. Tontonaka, Aroma and Benihoppe, are most popular cultivars in Taiwan, especially cv.

Sensitivity of species complex (CGSC) isolated from strawberry in Taiwan to benzimidazole and strobilurin.

species complex (CGSC) is the major pathogen causing strawberry anthracnose in Taiwan. Benzimidazoles and strobilurins are common fungicides used to control strawberry anthracnose. A total of 108 CGSC isolates were collected from five major strawberry-producing areas in Taiwan.

Resistance to f. sp. in Germplasm Despite Hypocotyl Colonization.

Fusarium wilt of , caused by f. sp. , causes great losses in plants worldwide.

Comparative genomic and transcriptomic analyses of trans-kingdom pathogen Fusarium solani species complex reveal degrees of compartmentalization.

Background: The Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) comprises fungal pathogens responsible for mortality in a diverse range of animals and plants, but their genome diversity and transcriptome responses in animal pathogenicity remain to be elucidated. We sequenced, assembled and annotated six chromosome-level FSSC clade 3 genomes of aquatic animal and plant host origins. We established a pathosystem and investigated the expression data of F.

Antifungal susceptibility of the clinical and environmental strains of Cryptococcus gattii sensu lato in Taiwan.

Background: The rare occurrence of human cryptococcosis caused by Cryptococcus gattii sensu lato leads to difficulties in establishing the antifungal susceptibility profile between species of this potentially lethal pathogen, which may be crucial for treating cryptococcosis.

Objective: To establish an antifungal susceptibility profile of C. gattii s.

First Report of Fusarium incarnatum-equiseti Species Complex Causing Fruit Rot on Muskmelon in Taiwan.

Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) is an economically important fruit crop in Taiwan. In March 2020, the symptoms of fruit rot were observed in approximately 10% of mature muskmelon fruits in a field located in Wuri (24.

First Report of Mango Leaf Blotch Caused by Pseudoplagiostoma mangiferae in Taiwan.

Mango ( L.) is an economically important tropical fruit in southern Taiwan. In February 2019, new leaf blotches distinct from anthracnose lesions were noticed on mango leaves in Meinong, Kaohsiung (N22°54'43.

Correction: Colonization of human opportunistic Fusarium oxysporum (HOFo) isolates in tomato and cucumber tissues assessed by a specific molecular marker.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analyses of environmental and clinical isolates of Cryptococcus gattii sensu lato in Taiwan.

Background: The rare occurrence of cryptococcosis caused by Cryptococcus gattii sensu lato (C. gattii s.l.

Colonization of human opportunistic Fusarium oxysporum (HOFo) isolates in tomato and cucumber tissues assessed by a specific molecular marker.

Fusarium oxysporum is a large complex cosmopolitan species composed of plant pathogens, human opportunistic pathogens, and nonpathogenic isolates. Many plant pathogenic strains are known based on host plant specificity and the large number of plant species attacked. F.

Two-step method for isolating Cryptococcus species complex from environmental material using a new selective medium.

Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic infection caused by the Cryptococcus species complex. An outbreak of cryptococcosis caused by Cryptococcus gattii (AFLP6/VGII) in North America has indicated the need for studies of this organism and its environmental niche. Difficulties in isolating the Cryptococcus spp.

BiOCl/BiOBr/BiOI/GO quaternary composites: Syntheses and application of visible-light-driven photocatalytic activities.

Herein, the preparation of numerous bismuth oxychloride/bismuth oxybromide/bismuth oxyiodide/graphene oxide (BiOCl/BiOBr/BiOI/GO) composites is reported. A facile hydrothermal method was employed to synthesize these photocatalysts, which had various GO contents. A total of 10 bismuth-oxyhalide composites were isolated and characterized using FE-SEM, XRD, FE-TEM, UV-Vis-DRS, FT-IR, EPR, HR-XPS, PL, and BET.

Controlled hydrothermal synthesis of BiOxCly/BiOmIn composites exhibiting visible-light photocatalytic degradation of crystal violet.

A series of BiOxCly/BiOmIn composites were prepared using autoclave hydrothermal methods. The composition and morphologies of the BiOxCly/BiOmIn composites were controlled by adjusting the experimental conditions: the reaction pH value, temperature, and KCl/KI molar ratio. The products were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy-electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller specific surface areas, cathodoluminescence, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Modified primers for the identification of nonpathogenic Fusarium oxysporum isolates that have biological control potential against Fusarium wilt of cucumber in Taiwan.

Previous investigations demonstrated that Fusarium oxysporum (Fo), which is not pathogenic to cucumbers, could serve as a biological control agent for managing Fusarium wilt of cucumber caused by Fo f. sp. cucumerinum (Foc) in Taiwan.

Determining the degradation efficiency and mechanisms of ethyl violet using HPLC-PDA-ESI-MS and GC-MS.

Background: The discharge of wastewater that contains high concentrations of reactive dyes is a well-known problem associated with dyestuff activities. In recent years, semiconductor photocatalysis has become more and more attractive and important since it has a great potential to contribute to such environmental problems. One of the most important aspects of environmental photocatalysis is in the selection of semiconductor materials like ZnO and TiO2, which are close to being two of the ideal photocatalysts in several respects.

Comparative study on histological structures of the vitelline membrane of hen and duck egg observed by cryo-scanning electron microscopy.

The histological structures of the vitelline membranes (VM) of hen and duck eggs were observed by cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM), and the chemical characteristics were also compared. The outer layer surface (OLS) of duck egg VM showed networks constructed by fibrils and sheets (0.1-5.

Specific detection of benzimidazole resistance in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides from fruit crops by PCR-RFLP.

Anthracnose diseases, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, are a worldwide problem and are especially important in Taiwan owing to the severe economic damage they cause to tropical fruits that are grown for local consumption and export. Benzimidazoles are systemic fungicides widely used for controlling these diseases in Taiwan. Thirty-one isolates of C.

Degradation pathways of crystal violet by Fenton and Fenton-like systems: condition optimization and intermediate separation and identification.

The main advantage of Fenton's reagent (FR) over other OH systems is its simplicity. FR has the potential for widespread use in treating wastewater, but compared to other OH systems, little information on the dye degradation pathways of FR exists. The degradation of crystal violet (CV), a triphenylmethane dye, by FR was determined as a function of reagent concentration and ratio and pH in the batch treatment.

Characterisation of QoI-resistant field isolates of Botrytis cinerea from citrus and strawberry.

Background: In 2004, field isolates of Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr., resistant to strobilurin fungicides (QoIs), were first found in commercial citrus orchards in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan.

Histological structures of native and cooked yolks from duck egg observed by SEM and cryo-SEM.

A method was used to fix duck egg yolk while retaining its original sol structure to elucidate the fine structure of native yolk by using fixation with liquid nitrogen and cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). Native yolk spheres showed a polyhedron shape with a diameter at approximately 50 to 100 μm and packed closely together. Furthermore, the interior microstructure of the native yolk spheres showed that a great amount of round globules ranging from 0.