Plant-to-plant defence induction in cotton is mediated by delayed release of volatiles upon herbivory.

Caterpillar feeding immediately triggers the release of volatile compounds stored in the leaves of cotton plants. Additionally, after 1 d of herbivory, the leaves release other newly synthesised volatiles. We investigated whether these volatiles affect chemical defences in neighbouring plants and whether such temporal shifts in emissions matter for signalling between plants.

Cultivar-Specific Defense Responses in Wild and Cultivated Squash Induced by Belowground and Aboveground Herbivory.

Plant domestication often alters plant traits, including chemical and physical defenses against herbivores. In squash, domestication leads to reduced levels of cucurbitacins and leaf trichomes, influencing interactions with insects. However, the impact of domestication on inducible defenses in squash remains poorly understood.

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Derivatives as Novel Brain-Penetrant and Potent NMDAR-GluN2B Antagonists for Ischemic Stroke Treatment.

A series of structurally novel GluN2B NMDAR antagonists were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated as anti-stroke therapeutics by optimizing the chemical structure of , the active ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine identified via screening. The systematic structure-activity relationship study led to the discovery of with promising NMDAR-GluN2B binding affinity and antagonistic activity. Of the two enantiomers, exhibited significant inhibition (IC = 74.

Discovery of the novel and potent histamine H1 receptor antagonists for treatment of allergic diseases.

Desloratadine, a second-generation histamine H1 receptor antagonist, has established itself as a first-line drug for the treatment of allergic diseases. Despite its effectiveness, desloratadine exhibits an antagonistic effect on muscarinic M3 receptor, which can cause side effects such as dry mouth and urinary retention, ultimately limiting its clinical application. Herein, we describe the discovery of compound Ⅲ-4, a novel H1 receptor antagonist with significant H1 receptor antagonistic activity (IC = 24.

Two horizontally acquired bacterial genes steer the exceptionally efficient and flexible nitrogenous waste cycling in whiteflies.

Nitrogen is an essential element for all life on earth. Nitrogen metabolism, including excretion, is essential for growth, development, and survival of plants and animals alike. Several nitrogen metabolic processes have been described, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear.

A Horizontally Transferred Plant Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene Steers Whitefly Reproduction.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential nutrients for all living organisms. PUFA synthesis is mediated by Δ12 desaturases in plants and microorganisms, whereas animals usually obtain PUFAs through their diet. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is an extremely polyphagous agricultural pest that feeds on phloem sap of many plants that do not always provide them with sufficient PUFAs.

Risk factors for sarcopenia in patients with head and neck cancer.

Objective: Sarcopenia is a common condition among patients with cancer. To better understand the prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), we analysed the risk factors of sarcopenia and developed a theoretical foundation for further development of sarcopenia prevention and treatment strategies.

Methods: Six hundred and seventeen patients with HNC were recruited for this cross-sectional observational study, and the data were analyzed using logistic regression analyses.

Aphid and caterpillar feeding drive similar patterns of induced defences and resistance to subsequent herbivory in wild cotton.

Our results indicate caterpillars and aphids cause similar levels of induced defences and resistance against caterpillars in wild cotton plants. These symmetrical effects are not consistent with patterns predicted by plant defensive signaling crosstalk and call for further work addressing the biochemical mechanisms underpinning these results. Plant-induced responses to attack often mediate interactions between different species of insect herbivores.

Consequences of squash (Cucurbita argyrosperma) domestication for plant defence and herbivore interactions.

Cucurbita argyrosperma domestication affected plant defence by downregulating the cucurbitacin synthesis-associated genes. However, tissue-specific suppression of defences made the cultivars less attractive to co-evolved herbivores Diabrotica balteata and Acalymma spp. Plant domestication reduces the levels of defensive compounds, increasing susceptibility to insects.

Moderately hypo-fractionated radiotherapy combined with S-1 in inoperable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A prospective, single-arm phase II study (GASTO-1045).

Purpose: We launched this prospective phase II single-arm trial on the combination of moderately hypo-fractionated radiotherapy and S-1, to explore the safety and efficacy of the new potent regimen in inoperable locally advanced esophageal squamous carcinoma (LA-ESCC) patients.

Methods: Patients with unresectable stage II-IVB LA-ESCC (UICC 2002, IVB only with metastatic celiac or supraclavicular lymph nodes) were included. Moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy (60Gy in 24 fractions) concurrent with S-1 was delivered.

The N-terminal subunit of vitellogenin in planthopper eggs and saliva acts as a reliable elicitor that induces defenses in rice.

Vitellogenins (Vgs) are critical for the development and fecundity of insects. As such, these essential proteins can be used by plants to reliably sense the presence of insects. We addressed this with a combination of molecular and chemical analyses, genetic transformation, bioactivity tests, and insect performance assays.

Patient-specific finite element simulation of peripheral artery percutaneous transluminal angioplasty to evaluate the procedure outcome without stent implantation.

The purpose of this work is to present a patient-specific (PS) modeling approach for simulating percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) endovascular treatment and assessing the balloon sizing influence on short-term outcomes in peripheral arteries, i.e. without stent implantation.

Can the prognosis of individual patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma be predicted using a routine blood test at admission?

Background And Purpose: We sought to determine the prognostic value of a pre-treatment peripheral blood signature and the peripheral blood signature-based nomogram for patients with non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively collected 21 peripheral blood indicators from patients with NPC between 2004 and 2015. Data were randomly divided into a training and a validation set (ratio: 6:4).

Stemborer-induced rice plant volatiles boost direct and indirect resistance in neighboring plants.

Herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) are known to be perceived by neighboring plants, resulting in induction or priming of chemical defenses. There is little information on the defense responses that are triggered by these plant-plant interactions, and the phenomenon has rarely been studied in rice. Using chemical and molecular analyses in combination with insect behavioral and performance experiments, we studied how volatiles emitted by rice plants infested by the striped stemborer (SSB) Chilo suppressalis affect defenses against this pest in conspecific plants.

Belowground and aboveground herbivory differentially affect the transcriptome in roots and shoots of maize.

Unlabelled: Plants recognize and respond to feeding by herbivorous insects by upregulating their local and systemic defenses. While defense induction by aboveground herbivores has been well studied, far less is known about local and systemic defense responses against attacks by belowground herbivores. Here, we investigated and compared the responses of the maize transcriptome to belowground and aboveground mechanical damage and infestation by two well-adapted herbivores: the soil-dwelling western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the leaf-chewing fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

A Prospective Phase II Study of Simultaneous Modulated Accelerated Radiotherapy Concurrently With CDDP/S1 for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in the Elderly.

Background: To explore the efficacy and toxicity of simultaneous modulated accelerated radiotherapy (SMART) concurrently with cisplatin (CDDP) and S1 (tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil) in elderly patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods: This single-arm, phase II study enrolled pathologically confirmed, stage II-IVa ESCC of 70-80 years old and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 0-2. Patients received SMART (64 Gy to gross tumor volume and 48 Gy to clinical target volume in 30 fractions) with concurrent CDDP (day 1 of each week) and S1 (days 1-14, 22-35).

Development of Digital Twins to Optimize Trauma Surgery and Postoperative Management. A Case Study Focusing on Tibial Plateau Fracture.

Surgical procedures are evolving toward less invasive and more tailored approaches to consider the specific pathology, morphology, and life habits of a patient. However, these new surgical methods require thorough preoperative planning and an advanced understanding of biomechanical behaviors. In this sense, patient-specific modeling is developing in the form of digital twins to help personalized clinical decision-making.

Circular RNA PUM1 (CircPUM1) attenuates trophoblast cell dysfunction and inflammation in recurrent spontaneous abortion via the MicroRNA-30a-5p (miR-30a-5p)/JUNB axis.

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is a threat to human reproductive health worldwide. CircPUM1 has been reported to participate in the pathogenesis of various diseases. However, there has been no report on its association with RSA yet.

Formyl peptide receptor-2 is upregulated in the blood and placenta of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Aim: To investigate the expression of formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) in maternal blood, umbilical blood, and placenta of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to analyze the changes of other pro-inflammatory cytokines in blood, including interleukin 33 (IL-33), IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP), so as to reveal the pathogenesis of GDM.

Methods: FPR2, IL-33, IL-1β, T TNF-α, and CRP in maternal blood and umbilical cord blood of 50 pregnant women with GDM and 30 normal pregnant women were analyzed by ELISA method to explore the correlation between inflammatory factors and blood glucose. The expression of FPR2 in placental tissues was analyzed by PCR and immunohistochemistry.

Predictive factors of surgical site infection after hysterectomy for endometrial carcinoma: a retrospective analysis.

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common postoperative complication. We aimed to analyze the potential risk factors of SSI in patients with endometrial carcinoma.

Methods: Patients with endometrial carcinoma who underwent surgery treatment in our hospital from Sept 1, 2018 to August 31, 2020 were included.