Biomimetic shunt effects to simultaneously regulate solvation and interface structure for high-performance Zn metal anode.

High-safety aqueous zinc (Zn) ion batteries confront hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and dendrite growth of Zn anode, which can be well solved by electrolyte optimization and electrode modification. However, the simultaneously implementation of the electrolyte solvation structure and electrode/electrolyte interface regulation has been ignored and rarely investigated. In this work, inspired by shunt mechanism of hemicellulose in plant kingdom, xylan (XL) was designed and developed as a trace electrolyte additive (ZS@XL) to disperse in aqueous electrolyte and adsorb on Zn anode to simultaneously regulate solvation structure and electrode/electrolyte interface of Zn anode.

High-viscoelasticity alginate-based coatings for reversible zinc metal anodes.

High-safety aqueous zinc (Zn) ion batteries are troubled by dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution reaction on Zn anode, which can be well solved via the construction of surface protective layer. The recent researches mainly focus on the bulk property of the protective layer, but its separation from Zn anode is ignored. In this work, high-viscoelasticity alginate-based (HVAA) layer was in-situ constructed on Zn anodes by the cross-linking of sodium alginate with formaldehyde and the plastifying of glycerin.

Carboxymethyl chitosan composited poly(ethylene oxide) electrolyte with high ion conductivity and interfacial stability for lithium metal batteries.

Low ionic conductivity and poor interface stability of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) restrict the practical application as polymeric electrolyte films to prepare solid-state lithium (Li) metal batteries. In this work, biomass-based carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) is designed and developed as organic fillers into PEO matrix to form composite electrolytes (PEO@CMCS). Carboxymethyl groups of CMCS fillers can promote the decomposition of Lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonimide) (LiTFSI) to generate more lithium fluoride (LiF) at CMCS/PEO interface, which not only forms ionic conductive network to promote the rapid transfer of Li but also effectively enhances the interface stability between polymeric electrolyte and Li metal.

All-in-one Janus covalent organic frameworks separator as fast Li nucleator and polysulfides catalyzer in lithium-sulfur batteries.

The shuttle effect, sluggish conversion kinetics, and uncontrollable lithium dendrites seriously hinder the practical application of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. Among many modified materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) stand out for their excellent ability to inhibit the shuttle effect, while their role in promoting lithium nucleation and catalyzing the conversion of sulfur species has been largely ignored. In this study, an integrated COF separator (TpPa@2400) is developed as a rapid lithium nucleator and sulfur species catalyst in fast-charging Li-S batteries.

Advances in lignin-based biosorbents for sustainable wastewater treatment.

The heavy metals, pesticides and dyes in agriculture and industry caused serious water pollution have increased the urgency for the advancement of biomass-based adsorbents due to their merits of low cost, high efficiency, and environmental sustainability. Thus, this review systematically examines the recent progress of lignin-based adsorbents dedicated to wastewater purification. Commencing with a succinct exposition on the intricate structure and prevalent forms of lignin, the review proceeds to expound rational design strategies tailored for lignin-based adsorbents coupled with adsorption mechanisms and regeneration methods.

Pharmaceutical targeting of OTUB2 sensitizes tumors to cytotoxic T cells via degradation of PD-L1.

PD-1 is a co-inhibitory receptor expressed by CD8 T cells which limits their cytotoxicity. PD-L1 expression on cancer cells contributes to immune evasion by cancers, thus, understanding the mechanisms that regulate PD-L1 protein levels in cancers is important. Here we identify tumor-cell-expressed otubain-2 (OTUB2) as a negative regulator of antitumor immunity, acting through the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in various human cancers.

Suppressing Dendrite Growth with Eco-Friendly Sodium Lignosulfonate Additive in Quasi-Solid-State Li Metal Battery.

The application of lithium metal batteries is limited by the drawbacks of safety problems and Li dendrite formation. Quasi-solid-state electrolytes (QSSEs) are the most promising alternatives to commercial liquid electrolytes due to their high safety and great compatibility with electrodes. However, Li dendrite formation and the slow Li diffusion in QSSEs severely hinder uniform Li deposition, thus leading to Li dendrite growth and short circuits.

Renewable galactomannan-based biogums with structure regulation to protect zinc metal anodes via blocking and confinement effect.

Galactomannan-based biogums were derived from fenugreek, guar, tara, and carob and consisted of mannose and galactose with different ratios, as well as the implementation of high-value utilization was very significant for sustainable development. In this work, renewable and low-cost galactomannan-based biogums were designed and developed as functional coatings protected on the Zn metal anodes. The molecule structure of galactomannan-based biogums were explored on the effect of anticorrosion ability and uniform deposition behavior through the introduction of fenugreek gum, guar gum, tara gum, and carob gum with different ratios of mannose to galactose as 1.

Surface Control Behavior toward Crystal Regulation and Anticorrosion Capacity for Zinc Metal Anodes.

The commercial application of high-safety aqueous zinc (Zn) secondary batteries is hindered by the poor cycling life of Zn metal anodes. Here we propose a dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution corrosion reaction mechanism from the binding energy of the deposited crystal plane on the Zn surface and the adsorption energy of HO molecules on different crystal planes as well as the binding energy of HO molecules with Zn ions. The biomass-based alkyl polyglucoside (APG) surfactant is adopted as an electrolyte additive of 0.

Oncolytic virus expressing PD-1 inhibitors activates a collaborative intratumoral immune response to control tumor and synergizes with CTLA-4 or TIM-3 blockade.

Background: Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are capable to inflame the tumor microenvironment (TME) and elicit infiltrating tumor-specific T cell responses. However, OV treatment negatively alters the cancer-immune set point in tumors to attenuate the antitumor immune response, which suggests the necessity of dissecting the immune landscape of the virus-treated tumors and developing novel strategies to maximize the potential of OVs. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the single-chain variable fragment (scFv)-armed OVs targeting PD-1 on the TME, and ultimately overcome localized immunosuppression to sensitize tumors to immunotherapies.

A potent neutralizing and protective antibody against a conserved continuous epitope on HSV glycoprotein D.

Infections caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) remain a serious global health issue, and the medical countermeasures available thus far are limited. Virus-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (NAbs) are crucial tools for studying host-virus interactions and designing effective vaccines, and the discovery and development of these NAbs could be one approach to treat or prevent HSV infection. Here, we report the isolation of five HSV NAbs from mice immunized with both HSV-1 and HSV-2.

Highly Conductive and Mechanically Robust Cellulose Nanocomposite Hydrogels with Antifreezing and Antidehydration Performances for Flexible Humidity Sensors.

Conductive hydrogels are emerging as an appealing material platform for flexible electronic devices owing to their attractive mechanical flexibility and conductive properties. However, the conventional water-based conductive hydrogels tend to inevitably freeze at subzero temperature and suffer from continuous water evaporation under ambient conditions, leading to a decrease in their electrical conductivities and mechanical properties. Thus, it is extremely necessary, but generally challenging, to create an antifreezing and antidehydration conductive gel for maintaining high and stable performances in terms of electrical conductivity and mechanical properties.

Improving the Electrochemical Property of Silicon Anodes through Hydrogen-Bonding Cross-Linked Thiourea-Based Polymeric Binders.

Binders play a crucial role in the development of silicon (Si) anodes for lithium-ion batteries with high specific energy. The large volume change of Si (∼300%) during repeated discharge and charge processes causes the destruction and separation of electrode materials from the copper (Cu) current collector and ultimately results in poor cycling performance. In the present study, we design and prepare hydrogen-bonding cross-linked thiourea-based polymeric binders (denoted CMC--SN) in consideration of their excellent binding interaction with the Cu current collector and low cost as well.

Mitogen- and Stress-Activated Protein Kinase 1 Mediates Alcohol-Upregulated Transcription of Brf1 and tRNA Genes to Cause Phenotypic Alteration.

Upregulation of Brf1 (TFIIB-related factor 1) and Pol III gene (RNA polymerase III-dependent gene, such as tRNAs and 5S rRNA) activities is associated with cell transformation and tumor development. Alcohol intake causes liver injury, such as steatosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, which enhances the risk of HCC development. However, the mechanism of alcohol-promoted HCC remains to be explored.

Intratumoral Delivery of a PD-1-Blocking scFv Encoded in Oncolytic HSV-1 Promotes Antitumor Immunity and Synergizes with TIGIT Blockade.

Oncolytic virotherapy can lead to systemic antitumor immunity, but the therapeutic potential of oncolytic viruses in humans is limited due to their insufficient ability to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we showed that locoregional oncolytic virotherapy upregulated the expression of PD-L1 in the TME, which was mediated by virus-induced type I and type II IFNs. To explore PD-1/PD-L1 signaling as a direct target in tumor tissue, we developed a novel immunotherapeutic herpes simplex virus (HSV), OVH-aMPD-1, that expressed a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) against PD-1 (aMPD-1 scFv).

Tumor-targeting oncolytic virus elicits potent immunotherapeutic vaccine responses to tumor antigens.

Oncolytic viruses represent a promising therapeutic modality, but they have yet to live up to their therapeutic potential. Safety and efficacy concerns impel us to identify least toxic oncolytic agents that would generate durable and multifaceted anti-tumor immune responses to disrupt the tumors. Here we describe a rational engineered oncolytic herpes virus (OVH) that is a selective killer for targeting tumors, has strong safety records, induces complete regression of tumors in multiple tumor models, and elicits potent antitumor immunity.

Intravenous Injections of a Rationally Selected Oncolytic Herpes Virus as a Potent Virotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

As a clinical setting in which novel treatment options are urgently needed, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits intriguing opportunities for oncolytic virotherapy. Here we report the rational generation of a novel herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)-based oncolytic vector for targeting HCC, named Ld0-GFP, which was derived from oncolytic ICP0-null virus (d0-GFP), had a fusogenic phenotype, and was a novel killer against HCC as well as other types of cancer cells. Compared with d0-GFP, Ld0-GFP exhibited superior cancer cell-killing ability and .

Clinical diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound and TI-RADS classification for benign and malignant thyroid tumors: One comparative cohort study.

To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy and clinical value of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) plus TI-RADS classification in benign and malignant thyroid tumors compared with either method alone.The informed consent was signed all patients. A total of 370 patients with thyroid tumors of TI-RADS category 3 and 4 were recruited, with 432 thyroid nodules.

A novel approach for rapid high-throughput selection of recombinant functional rat monoclonal antibodies.

Background: Most monoclonal antibodies against mouse antigens have been derived from rat spleen-mouse myeloma fusions, which are valuable tools for purposes ranging from general laboratory reagents to therapeutic drugs, and yet selecting and expressing them remains a time-consuming and inefficient process. Here, we report a novel approach for the rapid high-throughput selection and expression of recombinant functional rat monoclonal antibodies with different isotypes.

Results: We have developed a robust system for generating rat monoclonal antibodies through several processes involving simultaneously immunizing rats with three different antigens expressing in a mixed cell pools, preparing hybridoma cell pools, in vitro screening and subsequent cloning of the rearranged light and heavy chains into a single expression plasmid using a highly efficient assembly method, which can decrease the time and effort required by multiple immunizations and fusions, traditional clonal selection and expression methods.

[Diagnosis and Treatment of the First Imported Case of Plasmodium knowlesi Infection in China].

Objective: To diagnose and treat the first imported active case of Plasmodium knowlesi infection in China.

Methods: The clinical information of the patient was collected. Microscopy of blood smear was conducted after Giemsa staining.

Mn0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles highly dispersed in porous carbon microspheres as high performance anode materials in Li-ion batteries.

We report the preparation of Mn(0.5)Co(0.5)Fe2O4 (MCFO) nanoparticles highly dispersed within porous carbon microspheres as anodes for Li-ion batteries.

[Epidemiological analysis of imported malaria in Guangzhou from 2008 to 2012].

The epidemiological features of 298 imported malaria cases during 2008-2012 in Guangzhou were analyzed. Among the cases, 169 (56.7%) were falciparum malaria, 106 (35.

Scalable synthesis of interconnected porous silicon/carbon composites by the Rochow reaction as high-performance anodes of lithium ion batteries.

Despite the promising application of porous Si-based anodes in future Li ion batteries, the large-scale synthesis of these materials is still a great challenge. A scalable synthesis of porous Si materials is presented by the Rochow reaction, which is commonly used to produce organosilane monomers for synthesizing organosilane products in chemical industry. Commercial Si microparticles reacted with gas CH3 Cl over various Cu-based catalyst particles to substantially create macropores within the unreacted Si accompanying with carbon deposition to generate porous Si/C composites.

[Survey of distribution of Enterobius vermicularis infection of children in Huadu District, Guangzhou City].

Objective: To understand the status of Enterobius vermicularis infection of children in Huadu District, Guangzhou City so as to provide the evidence for improving the control work.

Methods: In 2012, 24 kindergartens and 24 primary schools were selected as survey sites by the stratified random sampling method and 200 or more children aged below 10 years per site were investigated for the Enterobius vermicularis infection by the cellophane tape method. The relevant influencing factors (environment conditions, sanitary facilities and management system, and health habits of families and individuals) were surveyed with questionnaire, and all the data were analyzed statistically with the Excel software.

[Investigation on spread and hazards of human parasites in Qushui Village, Suixi County, Zhanjiang City].

Objective: To understand the transmission of human parasites in Qushui Village, Yangqing Town, Suixi County, Zhanjing City, Guangdong Province.

Methods: The direct stool smear, floatation, Kato-Katz technique, and hookworm larva culture were used for the parasite infections. The questionnaire survey was applied for the hazards of parasites.