Biomarkers.

Background: Tangle burden, one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease, is thought to accumulate and spread throughout the brain in a distinctive pattern starting from the entorhinal cortex following Braak stages as characterized in neuropathological studies. Longitudinal tau PET allows us to investigate in vivo the tau spread in an individual and substantial heterogeneity has been observed in the pattern of tau spread. In this analysis, we examine the statistical power of tau PET measurements in tracking disease progression using data from the ADNI cohort.

Biomarkers.

Background: Different PET tracers can be used to measure neuritic amyloid plaque deposition in human brain. While mean cortical-to-cerebellar standard uptake value ratios (SUVRs) generated using different radiotracer methods can be transformed into Centiloid measurements to facilitate comparisons among the resulting amyloid plaque measurements, the level of agreement as measured by the strength of the correlation between the measurements does not change. In this study, paired 18F-labeled (i.

Developing Topics.

Background: Amyloid PET (Positron Emission Tomography) is crucial in detecting amyloid burden within the brain. However, the diversity of amyloid tracers and the scarcity of paired data significantly challenge the collaboration between cross-center studies. In this research, we introduce a novel patch-based 3D end-to-end image transformation model.

Alzheimer's Imaging Consortium.

Background: Tangle burden, one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's Disease, is thought to accumulate and spread throughout the brain in a distinctive pattern starting from the entorhinal cortex following Braak stages as characterized in neuropathological studies. Longitudinal tau PET allows us to investigate in vivo the tau spread in an individual and substantial heterogeneity has been observed in the pattern of tau spread. In this analysis, we examine the statistical power of tau PET measurements in tracking disease progression using data from the ADNI cohort.

Impact of phenylephrine-induced Hering's response on Müller's muscle-conjunctival resection outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of preoperative phenylephrine (PE)-induced Hering's response on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing unilateral Müller's muscle-conjunctival resection (MMCR) for blepharoptosis correction.

Methods: Sixty-five consecutive patients (65 eyes) undergoing unilateral MMCR between January 2016 and December 2023 were included in this retrospective single-surgeon study. The main outcome measure was the margin-reflex distance 1 (MRD1) at postoperative month 1 visit.

Microbiology and management of Staphylococcus aureus lacrimal system infections: A 10-year retrospective study.

Purpose: To assess the in vitro efficacy of common antimicrobial agents used empirically for methicillin- resistant and sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and MSSA) infections of the lacrimal system.

Methods: A retrospective review of culture-proven S. aureus isolates retrieved from lacrimal system samples collected between January 2013-December 2022 was performed.

A.S.S.E.S.S. for Facial Fillers.

Background: An in-depth and detailed facial assessment is critical in treating and achieving desirable dermal filler and neurotoxin results.

Methods: An acronym called A.S.

Kismet/CHD7/CHD8 affects gut microbiota, mechanics, and the gut-brain axis in Drosophila melanogaster.

The gut microbiome affects brain and neuronal development and may contribute to the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, it is unclear how risk genes associated with such disorders affect gut physiology in a manner that could impact microbial colonization and how the mechanical properties of the gut tissue might play a role in gut-brain bidirectional communication. To address this, we used Drosophila melanogaster with a null mutation in the gene kismet, an ortholog of chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein (CHD) family members CHD7 and CHD8.

Ocular Dirofilariasis: A Clinicopathologic Case Series and Literature Review.

Purpose: Ocular dirofilariasis is an uncommon zoonotic infection that is usually associated with a carnivore host. In this case series and literature review, we investigate the clinical presentation, management, and histopathology of ocular dirofilariasis.

Methods: The database at the Florida Lions Ocular Pathology Laboratory was searched for surgical specimens at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute under approval of the Institutional Review Board.

Counterproductive effects of anti-CD38 and checkpoint inhibitor for the treatment of NK/T cell lymphoma.

Introduction: Natural killer/T cell lymphoma (NKTL) is an aggressive malignancy associated with poor prognosis. This is largely due to limited treatment options, especially for relapsed patients. Immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and anti-CD38 therapies have shown promising but variable clinical efficacies.

Interleukin-15 is a hair follicle immune privilege guardian.

The autoimmunity-promoting cytokine, Interleukin-15 (IL-15), is often claimed to be a key pathogenic cytokine in alopecia areata (AA). Yet, rhIL-15 promotes human hair follicle (HF) growth ex vivo. We have asked whether the expression of IL-15 and its receptor (IL-15R) isoforms is altered in human AA and how IL-15 impacts on human HF immune privilege (HF-IP) in the presence/absence of interferon-γ (IFNγ), the well-documented key AA-pathogenic cytokine, as well as on hair regrowth after experimental AA induction in vivo.

Bisphenol F affects neurodevelopmental gene expression, mushroom body development, and behavior in Drosophila melanogaster.

Bisphenol F (BPF) is a potential neurotoxicant used as a replacement for bisphenol A (BPA) in polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. We investigated the neurodevelopmental impacts of BPF exposure using Drosophila melanogaster as a model. Our transcriptomic analysis indicated that developmental exposure to BPF caused the downregulation of neurodevelopmentally relevant genes, including those associated with synapse formation and neuronal projection.

Harmonizing florbetapir and PiB PET measurements of cortical Aβ plaque burden using multiple regions-of-interest and machine learning techniques: An alternative to the Centiloid approach.

Introduction: Machine learning (ML) can optimize amyloid (Aβ) comparability among positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers. Using multi-regional florbetapir (FBP) measures and ML, we report better Pittsburgh compound-B (PiB)/FBP harmonization of mean-cortical Aβ (mcAβ) than Centiloid.

Methods: PiB-FBP pairs from 92 subjects in www.

Response of 21 Hyaluronic Acid Fillers to Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase.

Background: One benefit of hyaluronic acid fillers is the ability to dissolve them using hyaluronidase. With the increasing number of fillers entering the market, it is crucial to understand each of these fillers' responsiveness to hyaluronidase.

Methods: Twenty-one hyaluronic acid fillers of 0.

Teprotumumab for the Treatment of Recalcitrant Thyroid Eye Disease.

Purpose: Teprotumumab, an insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor monoclonal antibody, is FDA-approved to treat thyroid eye disease (TED). The initial clinical trials excluded patients with previous orbital irradiation, surgery, glucocorticoid use (cumulative dose >1 gm), or prior biologic treatment. Information on the use of teprotumumab for patients who failed prior therapy is limited.

Melatonin Exerts Prominent, Differential Epidermal and Dermal Anti-Aging Properties in Aged Human Eyelid Skin Ex Vivo.

Human skin aging is associated with functional deterioration on multiple levels of physiology, necessitating the development of effective skin senotherapeutics. The well-tolerated neurohormone melatonin unfolds anti-aging properties in vitro and in vivo, but it remains unclear whether these effects translate to aged human skin ex vivo. We tested this in organ-cultured, full-thickness human eyelid skin (5-6 donors; 49-77 years) by adding melatonin to the culture medium, followed by the assessment of core aging biomarkers via quantitative immunohistochemistry.

Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Orbital Plastic Surgery and Its Relationship with the Use of Social Media.

Background: The prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) in the general population ranges from 0.7 to 2.4%; however, higher rates are seen among aesthetic patients.

The Platysma Contraction Pattern in Healthy Adults: A Vector Analysis Study.

Background: The platysma muscle's role in lower face dynamics is complex. Multiple insertion points to soft-tissue structures at various levels in the lower face create a multifaceted contraction pattern. To avoid adverse effects in cosmetic procedures when targeting the platysma, its anatomy and physiology must be understood.

Filling a nick in NIK: Extending the half-life of a NIK inhibitor through structure-based drug design.

Inhibition of NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) has been pursued as a promising therapeutic target for autoimmune disorders due to its highly regulated role in key steps of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Previously reported NIK inhibitors from our group were shown to be potent, selective, and efficacious, but had higher human dose projections than desirable for immunology indications. Herein we report the clearance-driven optimization of a NIK inhibitor guided by metabolite identification studies and structure-based drug design.

Dedifferentiation maintains melanocyte stem cells in a dynamic niche.

For unknow reasons, the melanocyte stem cell (McSC) system fails earlier than other adult stem cell populations, which leads to hair greying in most humans and mice. Current dogma states that McSCs are reserved in an undifferentiated state in the hair follicle niche, physically segregated from differentiated progeny that migrate away following cues of regenerative stimuli. Here we show that most McSCs toggle between transit-amplifying and stem cell states for both self-renewal and generation of mature progeny, a mechanism fundamentally distinct from those of other self-renewing systems.