Adolescent Occupational Exposures Reported to United States Poison Centers, 2011-2020.

Objective: The aim of this study was to perform an updated description of adolescent occupational exposures reported to the US poison centers.

Methods: We performed a descriptive analysis of adolescents aged 13 to 19 years with unintentional occupational exposures from 2011 to 2020 using the National Poison Data System. A clinically significant occupational poisoning (CSOP) case is defined as exposures with moderate effect, major effect, or death.

Single-substance trazodone exposures reported to US poison centers from 2000 to 2019.

Background: Individual case reports describe trazodone overdose resulting in QTc prolongation and cardiac arrhythmias. The clinical effects and outcomes associated with trazodone exposures on a large-scale basis are less well known.

Objective: The primary objective was to characterize the severity of single substance trazodone exposures and identify any relationships that may exist between dose of trazodone and severity of exposure.

Changes in unintentional cannabis exposures in children 6 months to 5 years reported to United States poison centers during the first nine months of the coronavirus-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Almost half of exposures reported to United States (US) poison centers are exploratory ingestions in children under the age of 5 years. Pediatric cannabis exposures reported to US poison centers have risen over the last twenty years, with greater increases in the last 5 years. In 2020, the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in widespread stay-at-home orders and subsequent changes in work, education, and daycare.

Critical care interventions in children aged 6 months to 12 years admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit after unintentional cannabis exposures.

Background: Cannabis exposures in children have risen sharply in recent years, resulting in increased hospital visits and admission to pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). The intent of this study was to describe the proportion of pediatric patients admitted to the PICU after unintentional cannabis ingestion that received critical care interventions (CCIs) along with describing trends over time in hospitalization, admission to the PICU, and clinical effects and treatments outside of the PICU.

Methods: This was a retrospective database study utilizing the National Poison Data System (NPDS) from 1/1/2000 to 12/31/2020.

analysis of n-acetylcysteine (NAC) interference with the international normalized ratio (INR).

Background: Previous literature suggests a laboratory interference of n-acetylcysteine (NAC) with prothrombin time (PT) and the international normalized ratio (INR). Early publications focused on this interaction in the setting of an acetaminophen overdose and evaluated the INR of patients receiving intravenous NAC. However, there is limited literature describing the concentration-effect relationship of NAC to INR measurement in the absence of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity at therapeutic NAC concentrations.

Time to Peak International Normalized Ratio Rise in Acute and Acute-on-Chronic Warfarin Overdoses.

Guidelines exist on the management of supratherapeutic/subtherapeutic international normalized ratio (INR) values for patients on warfarin. However, there is a paucity of the literature relating to an acute overdose of warfarin. This is a retrospective cohort study for all acute and acute-on-chronic (AOC) warfarin overdoses reported to the Maryland Poison Center in patients ≥12 years between January 1st, 2000, until October 31st, 2019, managed in a health care facility.

Exposures in pregnant patients reported to United States Poison Centers.

Background: Limited data describe poisoning exposures in pregnant women. Previous studies are limited to inpatient populations, those seen only by toxicologists, or single poison centers. This study aimed to describe poison exposures reported to U.

Clinical effects and outcomes of perampanel overdoses reported to U.S. poison centers.

Introduction: Perampanel is indicated for partial onset seizures in children and adults. The mechanism is unique among antiepileptic agents as it inhibits glutamate activity on AMPA receptors. Currently, there are few published case reports describing overdose.

Impact of a drug safety communication on the severity of benzonatate exposures reported to poison centers.

Purpose: Identify if publication of the 2010 drug safety communication (DSC) regarding benzonatate was associated with a decrease in the incidence of severe benzonatate poisonings reported to United States poison centers.

Methods: This retrospective database study utilized the National Poison Data System to compare the incidence of severe benzonatate poisonings before and after the publication of a drug safety communication. We utilized interrupted time series analysis to compare 2000-2010 (pre-DSC) to 2012-2019 (post-DSC).

An analysis of fatal iatrogenic therapeutic errors reported to United States poison centers.

Objective: This is a descriptive study evaluating fatal iatrogenic and in-hospital medication errors reported to United States poison centers.

Methods: A retrospective evaluation of the National Poison Data System from 2000-2017 of all therapeutic errors with a scenario coded as iatrogenic/healthcare professional or occurring in a healthcare facility. Death abstracts were reviewed for details of the exposure and therapeutic error scenarios were recoded or added to the case as appropriate.

Iron Packaging Regulations in the United States and Pediatric Morbidity: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Iron poisoning was a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. We sought to assess whether the removal of strict iron packaging requirements in 2003 resulted in an increase in iron-related morbidity and mortality in pediatric exposures. We performed a retrospective cohort study utilizing the National Poison Data System from 2000 to 2017.

Characterization of intentional-abuse venlafaxine exposures reported to poison control centers in the United States.

: Venlafaxine use to achieve an amphetamine-like high has been described but data regarding the epidemiology and clinical effects are sparse. : Describe the prevalence and toxicity of venlafaxine abuse reported to US poison control centers. : This was a retrospective review of venlafaxine exposures reported to the National Poison Data System (NPDS) from 2000 to 2016.

Poisoning in Israel: Annual Report of the Israel Poison Information Center, 2017.

Background: The Israel Poison Information Center (IPIC), Rambam Health Care Campus, provides 24-hour telephone consultations on clinical toxicology and drug and reproductive toxicology. It participates in research, teaching and regulatory activities, and provides laboratory services. In 2014, nurse specialists in poison information joined the IPIC.

The others: characterizing "other" therapeutic errors reported to a poison center.

: Therapeutic errors are costly and result in unplanned hospital visits. Recent poison center studies on therapeutic errors have focused on coded data from either the National Poison Data System (NPDS) or individual poison centers. Approximately 21% of therapeutic errors reported to NPDS are coded as "other incorrect dose" (OI) or "other/unknown therapeutic error" (OU).

Does getting high hurt? Characterization of cases of LSD and psilocybin-containing mushroom exposures to national poison centers between 2000 and 2016.

Background: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin are serotonergic hallucinogens that are used primarily for recreational abuse. Small studies evaluated the efficacy of LSD and psilocybin for several psychiatric conditions. There are limited safety or toxicity data for either of these substances, especially in large populations.

Evolution of clinical characteristics and outcomes of synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist exposure in the United States: analysis of National Poison Data System data from 2010 to 2015.

Background And Aims: New synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) are synthesized each year to evade US governmental regulation and sold for recreational use. Our aim was to estimate the changes in the clinical effects and patient disposition associated with SCRA exposure from 2010 to 2015.

Design: A retrospective observational cohort study.

Abuse and Misuse of Selected Dietary Supplements Among Adolescents: a Look at Poison Center Data.

Objective: The use of dietary supplements has increased and is associated with adverse effects. Indications for use include recreation, body image concerns, mood enhancement, or control of medical conditions. The risk of adverse effects may be enhanced if agents are used improperly.

Trends in types of calls managed by U.S. poison centers 2000-2015.

Aim: The number of cases reported to poison centers has decreased since 2008 but there is evidence that the complexity of calls is increasing.

Objectives: The objectives are to evaluate national poison center data for trends in reason and how these changes effect management site, medical outcomes, and poison center workload.

Methods: Data regarding reason, age, management site, and medical outcome were extracted from annual reports of the National Poison Data System from 2000 to 2015.

Asenapine, iloperidone and lurasidone exposures in young children reported to U.S. poison centers.

Context: Asenapine, iloperidone and lurasidone are relatively new atypical antipsychotics. There is limited information on toxicity on pediatric exposures to these drugs. The objective of this study was to compare toxicity associated with asenapine, iloperidone and lurasidone exposures in young children.

State survey of medical boards regarding abrupt loss of a prescriber of controlled substances.

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to evaluate states' experiences with abrupt changes in controlled substances (CS) prescribing, to determine whether states have action plans in place to manage such situations, and describe the components of any such plans.

Methods: A survey of executive directors of 51 medical boards was conducted to evaluate states' experiences with abrupt changes in CS prescribing, the extent of consumer complaints attributed to these events, and the types of plans in place to manage these situations.

Results: Forty-six executive directors of medical boards responded.

Bayesian Forecasting Tool to Predict the Need for Antidote in Acute Acetaminophen Overdose.

Study Objective: Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of acute liver injury in the United States. Patients with elevated plasma acetaminophen concentrations (PACs) require hepatoprotective treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC). These patients have been primarily risk-stratified using the Rumack-Matthew nomogram.

Characterizing the Toxicity and Dose-Effect Profile of Tramadol Ingestions in Children.

Objectives: Tramadol can cause life-threatening toxicity in overdose; however, data on its toxicity in children are lacking. This study investigates toxicity associated with tramadol ingestions in children. The hypothesis is that children will experience dose-related central nervous system and respiratory depression and seizures.

Comparison of pediatric atypical antipsychotic exposures reported to U.S. poison centers.

Context: The rise in atypical antipsychotic prescribing increases the risk of pediatric exposures. Published studies in children are limited.

Objective: The objectives are to evaluate national poison center data on atypical antipsychotic exposures in young children and compare toxicity amongst selected agents.

Bupropion "Abuse" Reported to US Poison Centers.

Objectives: Bupropion use to obtain nonmedical psychoactive effects has been reported. The objective was to determine the prevalence, characteristics, clinical effects, and outcomes of bupropion "abuse."

Methods: A 14-year retrospective review was conducted of single substance bupropion cases with "intentional abuse" as the coded reason for exposure in individuals 13 and older reported to the National Poison Data System.