Early, precise, and safe clinical evaluation of the pharmacodynamic effects of novel agents in the intact human tumor microenvironment.

Drug development is systemically inefficient. Research and development costs for novel therapeutics average hundreds of millions to billions of dollars, with the overall likelihood of approval estimated to be as low as 6.7% for oncology drugs.

The effects of scaling and root planing plus home oral hygiene maintenance in Stage I/II periodontitis population: A 24-week randomized clinical trial.

Objectives: To compare the effects of powered and manual toothbrushing following scaling and root planing on bleeding on probing and other clinical indicators of periodontitis.

Materials And Methods: This was a randomized, examiner-blind, parallel-design, 24-week clinical study. Eligible subjects were 18-75 years of age with Stage I or II periodontitis.

Magnetic resonance imaging-guided stereotactic laser ablation therapy for the treatment of pediatric epilepsy: a retrospective multiinstitutional study.

Objective: The authors of this study evaluated the safety and efficacy of stereotactic laser ablation (SLA) for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) in children.

Methods: Seventeen North American centers were enrolled in the study. Data for pediatric patients with DRE who had been treated with SLA between 2008 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed.

A Single-Institution Retrospective Study of Patients Treated With Laser-Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Radiation Necrosis of the Brain.

Object Laser-interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) has been proposed as an alternative treatment to surgery for radiation necrosis (RN) in patients treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases. The present study sought to retrospectively analyze LITT outcomes in patients with RN from SRS. Methods This was a single-institution retrospective study of 30 patients treated from 2011-2018 with pathologically-proven RN after SRS for brain metastases (n=28) or proximally treated extracranial lesions treated with external beam radiotherapy (n=2).

Magnetic resonance-guided stereotactic laser ablation therapy for the treatment of pediatric brain tumors: a multiinstitutional retrospective study.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of MR-guided stereotactic laser ablation (SLA) therapy in the treatment of pediatric brain tumors.

Methods: Data from 17 North American centers were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical, technical, and radiographic data for pediatric patients treated with SLA for a diagnosis of brain tumor from 2008 to 2016 were collected and analyzed.

Nurse-led care is preferred over GP-led care of gout and improves gout outcomes: results of Nottingham Gout Treatment Trial follow-up study.

Objectives: To explore patient satisfaction, gout knowledge, medication adherence and flares among participants receiving nurse-led or general practitioner (GP)-led care of gout in the Nottingham Gout Treatment Trial phase-II (NGTT-II).

Methods: A total of 438 participants of NGTT-II were sent a questionnaire enquiring about gout knowledge, satisfaction with health-care practitioner, urate-lowering treatment being undertaken, and gout flares ⩾1 year after their final visit. Nurse-led care participants were asked about their preference for receiving gout treatment from either a GP or a nurse.

A Comparison of the Effects of a Powered and Manual Toothbrush on Gingivitis and Plaque: A Randomized Parallel Clinical Trial.

Objectives: To compare the effect of a powered and a manual toothbrush on gingivitis and plaque following two and four weeks of home use.

Methods: This was a randomized, parallel-design, single-blind clinical trial. Eligible participants were generally healthy non-smoking manual toothbrush users aged 18-65 years, with a plaque score of = 1.

The Effects of Use of a Powered and a Manual Home Oral Hygiene Regimen on Plaque and Gum Health in an Orthodontic Population.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the effect of two home use oral hygiene regimens on plaque, gingivitis, and gingival bleeding on subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.

Methods: This was a randomized, parallel, single-center clinical trial. Eligible study subjects fit the following profile: age 12-65 years; nonsmoker; plaque score of = 2.

A 3 months clinical evaluation comparing two professional bleaching systems of 25% and 40% hydrogen peroxide and extended treatment outcome using a power versus a manual toothbrush.

Objectives: To assess two professional tooth bleaching products: Philips Zoom WhiteSpeed (PZW) and Ultradent Opalescence Boost PF (UOB); and to assess bleaching maintenance after use of Philips Sonicare power toothbrush (SDC) or manual toothbrush (MTB).

Methods: There was a randomized, parallel clinical trial. Eligible subjects were 18-75 years, with VITA Classical shade (VCS) of A3 on anterior teeth.

Implication of nurse intervention on engagement with urate-lowering drugs: A qualitative study of participants in a RCT of nurse led care.

Objectives: To explore patient perception of the role of a nurse-led complex package of care in facilitating engagement with urate-lowering therapies (ULTs) in the management of gout.

Methods: Thirty people who had participated in a randomised controlled trial investigating the effect of a nurse-led complex package of care for gout, were purposively sampled and interviewed between 18-26 months after the end of the trial. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed using a modified grounded-theory approach.

Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of nurse-led care involving education and engagement of patients and a treat-to-target urate-lowering strategy versus usual care for gout: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: In the UK, gout management is suboptimum, with only 40% of patients receiving urate-lowering therapy, usually without titration to achieve a target serum urate concentration. Nurses successfully manage many diseases in primary care. We compared nurse-led gout care to usual care led by general practitioners (GPs) for people in the community.

Bidirectional association between disturbed sleep and neuropathic pain symptoms: a prospective cohort study in post-total joint replacement participants.

Background: Disturbed sleep is strongly correlated with chronic pain. The aim of this study was to examine the association between sleep disturbance and incident joint pain focusing on neuropathic-like pain symptoms.

Methods: A total of 423 individuals who had undergone total joint replacement (TJR) for osteoarthritis were assessed at the mean time of 3.

Supplemental Vitamins and Minerals for CVD Prevention and Treatment.

The authors identified individual randomized controlled trials from previous meta-analyses and additional searches, and then performed meta-analyses on cardiovascular disease outcomes and all-cause mortality. The authors assessed publications from 2012, both before and including the U.S.

Brief Report: Monosodium Urate Monohydrate Crystal Deposits Are Common in Asymptomatic Sons of Patients With Gout: The Sons of Gout Study.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence and distribution of asymptomatic monosodium urate monohydrate (MSU) crystal deposition in sons of patients with gout.

Methods: Patients with gout were mailed an explanatory letter with an enclosed postage-paid study packet to mail to their son(s) age ≥20 years old. Sons interested in participating returned a reply form and underwent telephone screening.

Amplified hearing device use in acute care settings for patients with hearing loss: A feasibility study.

The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of using amplified hearing devices (AHD) in acute care settings for patients with hearing loss. Secondary objectives include patient and nurse satisfaction, and nursing perceived productivity. Twenty-five adult hard of hearing patients and 15 nurses were evaluated.

Neuropathic pain-like symptoms and pre-surgery radiographic severity contribute to patient satisfaction 4.8 years post-total joint replacement.

Aim: To investigate a comprehensive range of factors that contribute to long-term patient satisfaction post-total joint replacement (TJR) in people who had undergone knee or hip replacement for osteoarthritis.

Methods: Participants ( = 1151) were recruited from Nottinghamshire post-total hip or knee replacement. Questionnaire assessment included medication use, the pain-DETECT questionnaire (PDQ) to assess neuropathic pain-like symptoms (NP) and TJR satisfaction measured on average 4.

Triggers of acute attacks of gout, does age of gout onset matter? A primary care based cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To determine the proportion of people with gout who self-report triggers of acute attacks; identify the commonly reported triggers, and examine the disease and demographic features associated with self-reporting any trigger(s) of acute attacks of gout.

Methods: Individuals with gout were asked to fill a questionnaire enquiring about triggers that precipitated their acute gout attacks. Binary logistic regression was used to compute odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to examine the association between having ≥1 self-reported trigger of acute gout and disease and demographic risk factors and to adjust for covariates.

First validation of the gout activity score against gout impact scale in a primary care based gout cohort.

Objectives: To validate the gout activity score (GAS) against the gout impact scale in a primary care based gout cohort.

Methods: This was a single-centre cross-sectional study. People with gout who participated in previous research at academic rheumatology, University of Nottingham, UK, and consented for participation in future studies were mailed a questionnaire in September 2015.

Gingival Health and Plaque Regrowth Response Following a Four-Week Interdental Hygiene Intervention.

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of three adjunct interproximal cleaning methods versus a manual toothbrush alone on gingivitis, and demonstrate that the Philips Sonicare AirflossPro™ interproximal (IP) cleaning device provides a similar reduction in gingivitis and plaque compared to string floss.

Methods: A randomized, single-blind, parallel-design study was conducted on generally healthy adults exhibiting mild to moderate gingivitis. Eligible subjects were non-smokers, aged 18-65 years, with ≥ 0.

An Evaluation of Plaque and Gingivitis Reduction Following Home Use of Sonicare FlexCare Platinum with Premium Plaque Control Brush Head and a Manual Toothbrush.

Objectives: To assess the effect of the Philips Sonicare FlexCare Platinum with Premium plaque control brush head on gingival inflammation, bleeding, and supragingival plaque reduction following a six-week period of home use compared to a manual toothbrush.

Methods: This was a randomized, single-blind, parallel-design clinical trial. Subjects included in the study were routine manual toothbrush users who were generally healthy non-smokers, aged 18-65 years, with mild to moderate gingivitis.

The Effect of Use of a Sonic Power Toothbrush and a Manual Toothbrush Control on Plaque and Gingivitis.

Objectives: To compare the ability of the Philips Sonicare DiamondClean power toothbrush and the ADA Reference manual toothbrush to reduce plaque and gingival inflammation by routine manual toothbrush users.

Methods: This was a randomized, single-blind, parallel-design study. Eligible subjects were generally healthy non-smokers who exhibited mild to moderate gingivitis upon study entry.

Long-term persistence and adherence on urate-lowering treatment can be maintained in primary care-5-year follow-up of a proof-of-concept study.

Objectives: To evaluate the persistence and adherence on urate-lowering treatment (ULT) in primary care 5 years after an initial nurse-led treatment of gout.

Methods: One hundred gout patients initiated on up-titrated ULT between March and July 2010 were sent a questionnaire that elicited information on current ULT, reasons for discontinuation of ULT if applicable, medication adherence and generic and disease-specific quality-of-life measures in 2015. They were invited for one visit at which height and weight were measured and blood was collected for serum uric acid measurement.