Movement Competency Training Delivery: At School or Online? A Pilot Study of High-School Athletes.

Movement competency (MC) development of high-school athletes can prepare them for the requirements of physical preparation training and the demands of sport. The aim of this study was to explore the physical effects of and athlete compliance to coach-led versus self-directed training approaches in this population. Thirty-nine high-school athletes (19 male, 14.

Development and Reliability of an Athlete Introductory Movement Screen for Use in Emerging Junior Athletes.

Purpose: A novel 4-task Athlete Introductory Movement Screen was developed and tested to provide an appropriate and reliable movement screening tool for youth sport practitioners.

Methods: The overhead squat, lunge, push-up, and a prone brace with shoulder touches were selected based on previous assessments. A total of 28 mixed-sport junior athletes (18 boys and 10 girls; mean age = 15.

Three-dimensional analysis of a lofted instep kick by male and female footballers.

There is a paucity of data describing the lofted instep kick and little information on the kinematic differences between male and female footballers. This study provides a preliminary investigation into the differences in motion patterns between the sexes. A four-camera motion analysis system videoed 13 amateur footballers (7 female and 6 male) attempting a standardised task that represented a lofted instep kick of approximately 35 m.

Trunk motion and gait characteristics of pregnant women when walking: report of a longitudinal study with a control group.

Background: A longitudinal repeated measures design over pregnancy and post-birth, with a control group would provide insight into the mechanical adaptations of the body under conditions of changing load during a common female human lifespan condition, while minimizing the influences of inter human differences. The objective was to investigate systematic changes in the range of motion for the pelvic and thoracic segments of the spine, the motion between these segments (thoracolumbar spine) and temporospatial characteristics of step width, stride length and velocity during walking as pregnancy progresses and post-birth.

Methods: Nine pregnant women were investigated when walking along a walkway at a self-selected velocity using an 8 camera motion analysis system on four occasions throughout pregnancy and once post birth.

Initial ball flight characteristics of curve and instep kicks in elite women's football.

Initial ball flight characteristics of curve and instep kicks were investigated. Fifteen international female footballers performed curve and instep kicks from a distance of 20 m from goal and at a 1 m2 target. Seventeen Vicon cameras tracked three-dimensional coordinates of four reflective markers adhered to the ball.

Curve and instep kick kinematics in elite female footballers.

The three-dimensional kinematics of international female footballers performing a simulated direct free kick (curve kick) were compared with those of an instep kick. Reflective markers attached to the participants were tracked by 17 Vicon cameras sampling at 250 Hz. Foot velocity at ball impact did not differ between the two types of kick, but the way in which foot velocity was generated did differ, with instep kicks using a faster approach velocity and greater linear velocities of the hip and knee, and curve kicks using a greater knee angular velocity at impact.

Automatic recognition of gait patterns exhibiting patellofemoral pain syndrome using a support vector machine approach.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common disorder that afflicts people across all age groups, and results in various degrees of knee pain. The diagnosis of PFPS is difficult since the exact biomechanical factors and the extent to which they are affected by the disorder are still unknown. Recent research has reported significant statistical differences in ground reaction forces (GRFs) and foot kinematics, which could be indicative of PFPS, but the interrelationship between many of these measures and the pathology have been absent so far.

Detecting trunk motion changes due to pregnancy using pattern recognition techniques.

There are anatomical changes during pregnancy due to the increased and altered mass distribution in the trunk that could lead to changes in gait. There is little research, however, regarding adaptations in trunk motion with pregnancy. In this paper, we investigated the application of two pattern recognition techniques: support vector machine (SVM) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) to detect differences in trunk kinematics, when walking, between women in late pregnancy and nulliparous (control) women.

A longitudinal study of the effect of pregnancy on rising to stand from a chair.

Rising to stand from a chair becomes more difficult to perform as pregnancy progresses, which may lead to altered biomechanics affecting the musculoskeletal demands on the body segments. The kinematic and kinetic adaptations in the lower limbs and trunk as pregnancy progresses are unknown. Nine maternal subjects were investigated using an eight-camera motion analysis system and two force plates, four times throughout pregnancy and once post-birth during rising to stand.

Identification of patellofemoral pain syndrome using a Support Vector Machine approach.

Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a common disorder resulting in varying degrees of knee pain. The diagnosis of PFPS is difficult since the exact biomechanical factors involved in the disorder are still unknown. Recent research has reported significant differences in rearfoot kinematics and foot ground reaction forces (GRFs) which could be indicative of PFPS, but the inter relationship between these measures and the pathology have been inconclusive so far.

Evaluation of the ability of physical therapists to palpate intrapelvic motion with the Stork test on the support side.

Background And Purpose: Clinical indicators of pelvic girdle dysfunction are limited. However, research has shown that the pattern of intrapelvic motion is altered during single-leg support in subjects with pelvic girdle pain (PGP). Functionally, no relative motion should occur within the pelvis during load transfer, whereas anterior rotation of the innominate bone relative to the sacrum occurs during weight bearing in the presence of PGP.

Rising to stand from a chair: symmetry, and frontal and transverse plane kinematics and kinetics.

Although literature in relation to rising to stand from a chair is extensive, there is limited information on symmetry and motion in the frontal and transverse planes. Ground reaction forces (GRF), lower limb angular displacements and moments, and the thoracolumbar and cervicothoracic spine regions angular displacements around the vertical and antero-posterior axes (respectively, the transverse and frontal planes) were investigated in 12 females. Right to left symmetry and the trial-to-trial consistency of all variables was also investigated.

Relationship between static posture and rearfoot motion during walking in patellofemoral pain syndrome: effect of a reference posture for gait analysis.

The reference posture used in angular motion calculations may play an important role in the relationship found between static posture and rearfoot motion in the frontal plane in a clinical population such as patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome. This study examined the relationship between rearfoot inversion and eversion during the stance phase of walking and the static relaxed standing measurement in women (aged 18 years and older) with patellofemoral pain syndrome and controls and examined the influence of the reference posture used when calculating dynamic motion. Two reference postures were investigated: vertical alignment between the rearfoot and the lower leg and relaxed calcaneal standing.

Frontal plane motion of the rearfoot during a one-leg squat in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

Abnormal motion of the foot has been suggested to be a potential contributor to the medial collapse of the knee seen in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome during a one-leg squat. Rearfoot frontal plane range of motion and peak angle were investigated during a one-leg squat in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome compared with controls. A significant increase in the peak eversion angle was found for the patellofemoral pain syndrome group compared with controls (P = .

Tibia and rearfoot motion and ground reaction forces in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome during walking.

Abnormal subtalar joint function and the consequent rotation of the tibia during walking are thought to contribute to patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). The purpose of this study was to measure rearfoot and tibia motion, and the ground reaction force (GRF) during the stance phase of walking in subjects with PFPS and compare them to healthy subjects. A four camera motion analysis system with a single force plate was used to investigate rearfoot motion relative to the tibia in three planes, the tibial transverse plane rotation and the GRF during the stance phase of walking in 13 female subjects diagnosed with PFPS and 14 healthy females.

The Application of an Exploratory Factor Analysis to Investigate the Inter-Relationships amongst Joint Movement During Performance of a Football Skill.

Many studies have investigated the kinematics of sports skills with the majority describing the kinematics of the technique or investigating significant kinematic variables that affect performance. Many sports skills are complex three-dimensional movements involving many joints. However, few studies have investigated the relationships between kinematic variables during performance of such skills.

An investigation of a reference posture used in determining rearfoot kinematics for both healthy and patellofemoral pain syndrome individuals.

The choice of a reference posture is important when investigating rearfoot motion in clinical populations. The reference posture used may affect the magnitude of the peak angles and therefore may not enable comparison of the rearfoot kinematics across different populations. This study examined the relationship between the rearfoot frontal plane pattern of motion and three reference postures during the stance phase of walking in healthy and patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) subjects.

Reliability of an individually molded shank shell for measuring tibial transverse rotations during the stance phase of walking.

Use of a shank shell has been shown to estimate tibial transverse rotations better than skin-mounted markers. However, the day-to-day reliability of the transverse tibial rotations using an individually molded shank shell has not been previously investigated. This study examined the between-tests and trials reliability of an individually molded shank shell for measuring peak tibial internal and external rotations, time of peak values, and tibia range of motion during 5 walking trials.

The stance phase of walking during late pregnancy: temporospatial and ground reaction force variables.

The purpose of this study was to investigate temporospatial and ground reaction force variables in the stance phase of walking during late pregnancy. An eight-camera motion-analysis system was used to record 13 pregnant women at 38 weeks' gestation and again 8 weeks after birth. In late pregnancy, there was a wider step width, and mediolateral ground reaction force tended to be increased in a medial direction.

An evaluation of the rearfoot posture in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome.

Structural abnormalities of the foot may cause abnormal subtalar joint compensatory motion in order to attain normal function of the lower extremity during gait although studies have not been conclusive. Current conflict in the literature may be related to the differing measures focused on the varying protocols and also the absence of a control group in some studies. This study investigated the rearfoot posture including Subtalar Joint Neutral Position (STJN) and Relaxed Calcaneal Standing (RCS) measurements in patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and healthy subjects.

Altered patterns of pelvic bone motion determined in subjects with posterior pelvic pain using skin markers.

Objective: To determine whether the pattern of pelvic bone motion, determined by skin markers, differs between control subjects and subjects with posterior pelvic pain.

Design: Cross-sectional study of three-dimensional angular and translational motion of the innominates relative to the sacrum in two subject groups.

Background: Comparative in vivo analysis of the 3D patterning of pelvic motion in subjects with posterior pelvic pain and controls is limited.

Evidence of altered lumbopelvic muscle recruitment in the presence of sacroiliac joint pain.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study of electromyographic onsets of trunk and hip muscles in subjects with a clinical diagnosis of sacroiliac joint pain and matched control subjects.

Objectives: To determine whether muscle activation of the supporting leg was different between control subjects and subjects with sacroiliac joint pain during hip flexion in standing.

Background: Activation of the trunk and gluteal muscles stabilize the pelvis for load transference; however, the temporal pattern of muscle activation and the effect of pelvic pain on temporal parameters has not been investigated.

Static trunk posture in sitting and standing during pregnancy and early postpartum.

Objective: To investigate the postural alignment of the upper body in the sagittal plane during sitting and standing postures as pregnancy progressed and then in the postpartum period.

Design: Longitudinal, repeated-measures design.

Setting: Biomechanics laboratory in an Australian university.

Three-dimensional quantification of the symmetry of normal facial movement.

Objective: This study examined the right to left symmetry of the displacement of three-dimensional movement of the human face.

Methods: Displacement data on 42 subjects was collected and analyzed with the Expert Vision Motion Analysis System. Right and left three-dimensional facial displacements were quantified.