Progression of the erectile dysfunction in the population and the possibilities of its regression with bioregeneration.

Article presents the latest knowledge on the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction (ED), the influence of xenoestrogens on ED and fertility in men and the possibilities of the blocking xenoestrogen actions with natural ingredients as well as treatment options for ED with medicinal plants. With the rising phenomenon of ED in the world there is rising a market with ED treatment products. Especially in menu of internet online shops come increasingly to light new natural over the counter products for ED treatment.

Expected frequency of biomechanically adverse values of proximal femur geometric variables for fracture risk in the East Slovak female population (epidemiological study).

Background: The geometric configuration of the proximal femur predicts the risk for fracture by fall independently of bone mineral density (BMD). The objective of the study was to determine the expected frequency of biomechanically adverse and extremely adverse values of proximal femur geometric variables alpha angle, theta angle, and HAL, increasing the risk of a femoral neck fracture by fall, in the East Slovak female population.

Methods: DXA (dual energy X-ray absorbtiometry) measurements of the left proximal femur were obtained and analysed from sample 3151 East Slovak women aged 20-89 years, [Formula: see text] = 58.

The importance of carrying a backpack in the rehabilitation of osteoporotic patients (biomechanical analysis).

Based on a simple biomechanical analysis available to physicians, the article recommends carrying a backpack regularly as a part of the complex rehabilitation of osteoporotic patients. Carrying a backpack in front or on the back is recommended to patients with uncomplicated osteoporosis, while carrying a backpack on the back only is recommended to patients with osteporotic vertebral fractures. The importance of carrying a backpack is based upon removing the muscular dysbalance of the trunk muscles and upon increasing the bone strength by compressive force acting upon the vertebrae and proximal femur and activating osteoblasts to enhance the process of osteoformation.

Femur strength index versus bone mineral density: new findings (slovak epidemiological etudy).

Patients And Methods: We analysed the data in the sample (n = 3,215) of East Slovak women with a primary or secondary osteopenia, osteoporosis and with risk factors for osteoporosis, aged 20-89 years, median 59 years, 95% C. I. (59.

Biofeedback load technique in the rehabilitation of osteoporotic patients (biomechanical analysis).

Based on a simple biomechanical analysis, available to physicians, the article recommends carrying a backpack regularly as a part of the complex rehabilitation of osteoporotic patients. Carrying a backpack in front or on the back is recommended for patients with uncomplicated osteoporosis, carrying a backpack only on the back is recommended for patients with osteporotic vertebrae fractures. The importance of carrying a backpack is based upon remove the muscular dysbalance of the trunk muscles and upon increasing the bone strength by compressive force acting upon the vertebrae and proximal femur and activating osteoblasts to osteoformation.

Expected frequency of femoral neck fractures by fall in the osteoporotic and osteopenic East Slovak female population: Epidemiological study.

Objective Of The Study: To compare an expected frequency of pathological FSI values with an expected frequency of pathological BMD (T-score < or = -2.5 SD) in the total hip area in the East Slovak female population.

Patients And Methods: We analyzed the data in the sample of 3,215 East Slovak women with a primary or secondary osteopenia and osteoporosis and with risk factors for osteoporosis, aged 20-89 years, x = 58.

Chondrosis of the disc - risk factor for osteoporotic vertebral fractures (biomechanical analysis).

Based on biomechanical analysis, we present an until now unrecognised new view on pathological interactive relations in basic functional motor segments of the spine (vertebra - disc - vertebra), elevating the risk of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. They are classified as follows: 1. Degenerative alterations of intervertebral disc (chondrosis); 1a) decrease of intervertebral disc viscoelasticity; 1b) increase of compressive and tensile stress in the intervertebral disc.

Logistic regression in estimates of femoral neck fracture by fall.

Unlabelled: The latest methods in estimating the probability (absolute risk) of osteoporotic fractures include several logistic regression models, based on qualitative risk factors plus bone mineral density (BMD), and the probability estimate of fracture in the future. The Slovak logistic regression model, in contrast to other models, is created from quantitative variables of the proximal femur (in International System of Units) and estimates the probability of fracture by fall.

Objectives: The first objective of this study was to order selected independent variables according to the intensity of their influence (statistical significance) upon the occurrence of values of the dependent variable: femur strength index (FSI).

New approach to probability estimate of femoral neck fracture by fall (Slovak regression model).

Patients And Methods: 3,216 Slovak women with primary or secondary osteoporosis or osteopenia, aged 20-89 years, were examined with the bone densitometer DXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, GE, Prodigy - Primo), x = 58.9, 95% C.I.

Why is it so important to balance the muscular dysbalance in mm. coxae area in osteoporotic patients?

The article presents a biomechanical model of articulatio and mm. coxae with the characteristics of the vectors of reaction forces generated in flexors and extensors (1) in muscular balance; (2) in muscular dysbalance; (2a) with permanent load of the model of a hip by the body weight; (2b) with simulated live load during a fall or an impact. In case of muscular dysbalance the application of action force on a hip during a fall results in a sharp increase of the reaction compressive force in flexors and the tensile force in extensors.

Biomechanical conditions for maintaining body balance in kinesitherapy of osteoporotic patients.

Regularities of mechanical conditions of body's static and dynamic balance are applied not only in movement techniques of sports events, but also in setting up exercises for osteoporotic patients. It is important to set up exercises in which the patient takes such a position where the forces acting upon him (action forces) are in balance with the forces generated in the patient's musculoskeletal system (reaction forces). On the basis of biomechanical analysis of conditions for maintaining a trainee's body balance in training position, we point out the importance of individual exercise in sitting and prone positions led by a rehabilitation instructor, aiming at the removal of muscular dysbalance, before including the patient in group exercise.

Bone quality. Elasticity and strength.

The aim of the article is to explain in more detail the biomechanical methods used in determining bone quality as well as to describe basic characteristic bone qualities resulting from the application of these methods. Mechanical properties of biomaterials are characterised by stress-strain curves, produced on the basis of testing the biomaterials by progressive tensile and compressive load. According to these curves, the bone counts among brittle materials.

Nordic walking--is it suitable for patients with fractured vertebra?

This article brings the biomechanical analysis of sport--Nordic walking--for patients with osteoporotic fractured vertebrae and shows that it is suitable for them. Based on the biomechanical model of skeletal load we have developed a method of walking movement for patients, different from the method of walking movement for healthy people. And so came into being the "first sport" for patients with osteoporotic fractures.

Determination of the centre of gravity in the methodology of kinesiotherapy for osteoporotic patients.

The article brings a biomechanical analysis of the determination of the position of gravity centre of trainee in plane, both graphically and by calculation. The importance of determining the position of the gravity centre in different postures of a trainee should not be underestimated, as it belongs to the basic principles in the development of methodology of kinesitherapy for both healthy and ill people. An erudite methodology of kinesitherapy for osteoporotic patients can be developed only on the basis of biomechanical analysis of each exercise element, i.

T-plus Z-score in the assessment of relative fracture risk.

Unlabelled: THE OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: We aimed to prove that the relative risk of fractures (RR) is higher in women whose T- and Z-score values come under the category of increased risk than in the women whose T-score only falls within the category of increased risk.

Patients And Methods: We analysed 498 (n=498) densitometric findings from the area of proximal femur: neck (ROI1), Ward's area (ROI2), great trochanter (ROI3) (DXA-dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, Osteocore II, France) from a population of Bratislava women of an average age of 59.71 years <58.

Osteoporosis in a female population from Bratislava--age-related BMD changes.

Patients And Methods: We analysed 498 women (n=498) in a Bratislava (BA) population aged 21 to 90. We measured bone mineral density (BMD) in the proximal femur with one densitometric instrument (DXA Osteocore II, France; dual energy X-ray absorptiometry), applying BMD and T-score values in three standard regions of interest: Neck (ROI1), Ward's area (ROI2), Trochanter (ROI3).

Results: Measured values of T-score in ROI1, ROI2 had normal distribution and a lognormal distribution of frequency in ROI3.

Serum levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) in healthy women and men.

Background: Osteoporosis is one of the most common conditions associated with aging. It is based on an excess of bone resorption over bone formation, leading to an imbalance of bone turnover. The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) is an important regulator of bone metabolism.

Which statistical tests for estimating osteoporotic fracture risk?

The article presents an analysis of statistical methods used for estimating fracture risk in patients with osteoporosis. Mathematical relations of different methods are explained (risk--R, risk ratio--RR, RD--risk difference, odds--O, odds ratio--OR, Yule's Q, Yule's Y, logistic model). What is important to keep in mind is that: 1) relative risk and odds ratio are statistics that only describe an association, not causation; 2) relative risk and odds ratio refer to a population, not to an individual patient; 3) the studies of small groups are more likely to find an association that might actually just be due to chance, the larger the groups, the less likely the association between a risk factor and an outcome (fracture); 4) when the incidence of an outcome of interest in the study population is low (<10 %), the OR is close to the RR, the more frequent the outcome becomes, the more the OR will overestimate the RR when it is more than 1 or underestimate the RR when it is less than 1.

Statistical methods of estimating fracture risk.

The aim of the article is to present an analysis of statistical methods used for estimating fracture risk in patients with osteoporosis. Mathematical relations of different methods are explained (risk--R, risk ratio--RR, RD--risk difference, odds--O, odds ratio--OR, Yule's Q, Yule's Y, logistic model). What is important to keep in mind is that: 1) relative risk and odds ratio are statistics that only describe an association, not causation; 2) relative risk and odds ratio refer to a population, not to an individual patient; 3) the studies of small groups are more likely to find an association that might actually just be due to chance, the larger the groups, the less likely the association between a risk factor and an outcome (fracture); 4) when the incidence of an outcome of interest in the study population is low (<10 %), the OR is close to the RR, the more frequent the outcome becomes, the more the OR will overestimate the RR when it is more than 1 or underestimate the RR when it is less than 1.

Why does depression develop in complicated osteoporosis?

Patients And Methods: In a prospective study we observed which female patients developed depression following an acute and painful vertebral fracture. For the statistical evaluation of questionnaires we chose randomly 32 patients with depression (out of 33 patients) aged 51-73, and 32 patients without depression (out of 44 patients) aged 52-70.

The Aim Of The Study: To verify the hypothesis that the patients with more traumatic experience in the anamnesis (Questionnaire No.

Draft design of a rehabilitation aid for patients with acute painful fractures of vertebrae.

Aim Of The Study: To model the influence of abduction and adduction of the upper limb on the spinal load with the help of the laws of theoretical mechanics and the application of its results in clinical medicine.

Biomechanical Solution: Biomechanical model of an upper limb is demonstrated as a construction consisting of a lever arm and a joint connection in articulation of the shoulder joint.

Conclusion: Our application of results of the spine load modelling in relation to excess upper limbs load: A) designing a methodology of active therapy aimed at exercising upper limbs for osteoporotic patients, B) the application of basic principles of motoric activity in daily life, C) the draft design of a rehabilitation aid for patients with acute painful fractures of vertebrae in the thoracic area (Fig.

[Linear regression analysis of values of the calciuria index, N-telopetide and bone mineral density in patients with osteoporosis].

Unlabelled: The authors examined 49 patients (n=49) with primary and secndary osteoporosis incl. 37 women aged 41-58 years and 12 men aged 38-56 years. In all they assessed the 24-hour calciuria index (Ca/creatinine), the aminoterminal N-telopetide of collagen I of the organic matrix (NTx24) and the bone mineral density (BMD) in the first three lumbar vertebrae using quantitative computed tomography (QC).