An ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (CgABCG2) regulates the haemocyte proliferation by modulating the G1/S phase transition of cell cycle in oyster Crassostrea gigas.

ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2) is a half-transporter of the G subfamily in ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC transporter), which is involved in the regulation of multidrug-resistant, cell cycle, and cell proliferation. In the present study, a homologue of ABCG2 (named as CgABCG2) with the conserved AAA domain and ABC2 membrane domain was identified from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The open reading frame (ORF) of CgABCG2 was of 1956 bp encoding a predicted polypeptide of 652 amino acids, which shared 56.

ROS function as an inducer of autophagy to promote granulocyte proliferation in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas.

Hematopoiesis is the biological process to generate new blood cells in the living body and reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute significantly to the regulation of haematopoietic cell homeostasis. In the present study, the involvement of ROS in the proliferation of haemocytes was examined in Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The ROS content in haemocytes increased significantly after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, but decreased after the treatment with antioxidant N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, a scavenger of ROS).

The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a potential proliferative marker in oyster Crassostrea gigas.

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a crucial eukaryotic replication accessory factor in the regulation of DNA synthesis, which is always used as a proliferation marker for haematopoiesis in vertebrates. In the present study, a homologue of PCNA (named as CgPCNA) with a conserved N-terminal PCNA domain and a C-terminal PCNA domain was identified from oyster Crassostrea gigas. The deduced amino acid sequence of CgPCNA shared 85.

DNA binding protein CgIkaros-like regulates the proliferation of agranulocytes and granulocytes in oyster (Crassostrea gigas).

DNA-binding protein Ikaros is a major determinant of haematopoietic lineage, especially in the development, differentiation and proliferation of lymphocytes. In the present study, a Ikaros homologue (designed as CgIkaros-like) was identified and characterized as a vital determinant in the proliferation of haemocytes during haematopoiesis of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. The complete coding sequence of CgIkaros-like was of 1329 bp encoding a predicted polypeptide of 442 amino acids with four ZnF regions, locating at the C-terminus and N-terminus respectively.

Efficacy and Resistance of ALK Inhibitors in Two Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor Patients with ALK Fusions Assessed by Whole Exome and RNA Sequencing.

We report two inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) patients with ALK fusions (RRBP-ALK and TNS1-ALK, respectively). They both received tumor resection surgery and treatment with ALK inhibitors crizotinib followed by alectinib, and upon receiving each of the drugs, showed a brief response, then experienced recurrence or progression of the disease. During the treatment, whole exome sequencing (WES) and RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) were applied to monitor potential drug-induced gene mutation and expression changes.

Patient specific circulating tumor DNA fingerprints to monitor treatment response across multiple tumors.

Background: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) offers a convenient way to monitor tumor progression and treatment response. Because tumor mutational profiles are highly variable from person to person, a fixed content panel may be insufficient to track treatment response in all patients.

Methods: We design ctDNA fingerprint panels specific to individual patients which are based on whole exome sequencing and target to high frequency clonal population clusters in patients.

Comprehensive analysis of potential immunotherapy genomic biomarkers in 1000 Chinese patients with cancer.

Background: Tumor mutation burden (TMB), DNA mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR), microsatellite instability (MSI), and PD-L1 amplification (PD-L1 AMP) may predict the efficacy of the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. With the broadening landscape of immunotherapy use, it is important to identify patients who are likely to benefit from the therapy. This study aimed to characterize the distributions of these biomarkers and explore the relationships among these biomarkers for Chinese patients with cancer.

Using clinical genomic sequencing to guide personalized cancer therapy in China.

To evaluate whether clinical genomic sequencing may benefit Chinese patients with stage IV cancer. Chinese patients with cancer and their oncologists were provided with genomic sequencing results and corresponding clinical treatment recommendations based on evidence-based medicine, defined as CWES (clinical whole-exome sequencing) analysis. Chinese patients with stage IV cancer who failed the previous treatment upon receiving the CWES reports were included for analyzing the impact of CWES on clinical outcomes in 1-year follow-ups.

Comprehensive analysis of age-related somatic mutation profiles in Chinese young lung adenocarcinoma patients.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma in young adults is a rare entity with the oncogenic genetic alterations associated being poorly understood. In the present study, the effect of genetic alterations in lung adenocarcinoma patients diagnosed in young patients is reported.

Methods: Twenty young lung adenocarcinoma patients (age years: median: 33.

Structure and molecular mechanism of an anion-selective mechanosensitive channel of small conductance.

Mechanosensitive (MS) channels are universal cellular membrane pores. Bacterial MS channels, as typified by MS channel of small conductance (MscS) from Escherichia coli (EcMscS), release osmolytes under hypoosmotic conditions. MS channels are known to be ion selective to different extents, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood.

Spermidine oxidase-derived H₂O₂ regulates pollen plasma membrane hyperpolarization-activated Ca(2+) -permeable channels and pollen tube growth.

Spermidine (Spd) has been correlated with various physiological and developmental processes in plants, including pollen tube growth. In this work, we show that Spd induces an increase in the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration that accompanies pollen tube growth. Using the whole-cell patch clamp and outside-out single-channel patch clamp configurations, we show that exogenous Spd induces a hyperpolarization-activated Ca(2+) current: the addition of Spd cannot induce the channel open probability increase in excised outside-out patches, indicating that the effect of Spd in the induction of Ca(2+) currents is exerted via a second messenger.