Astrocyte-derived exosomes protect hippocampal neurons after traumatic brain injury by suppressing mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis.

In this study, we investigated the mechanisms through which astrocyte-derived exosomes (AS-Exos) alleviate traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced neuronal defects in TBI model rats and mice. Treatment with AS-Exos alleviated neurobehavioral deficits, cognitive impairment, and brain edema in TBI rats. AS-Exos also significantly reduced neuronal cell loss and atrophy in the TBI rats.

Investigation of sag behaviour for aluminium conductor steel reinforced considering tensile stress distribution.

Sag calculation plays an important role in overhead line design. Since the tensile stress of aluminium conductor steel reinforced (ACSR) is required for the sag calculation, an analysis on sag behaviour when considering the tensile stress distribution can be very useful to improve the accuracy of sag results. First, this paper analyses the ACSR tensile stress distribution arising from the temperature maldistribution through proposing a new calculation formula.

Long-term outcomes of non-systematic device reimplantation following lead extraction in selected patients.

Following the removal of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs), reassessment of the need for a new device is vital. Some patients may have exhibited an improvement in rhythm or cardiac function and may thus no longer meet the guideline requirements for reimplantation. However, the long-term outcomes of non-systematic device reimplantation remain unknown.

High glucose exacerbates neuroinflammation and apoptosis at the intermediate stage after post-traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a highly lethal event with a poor prognosis. Recovering residual neuronal function in the intermediate stage of TBI is important for treatment; however, neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis impede residual neuronal repair processes. Considering that hyperglycemia influences inflammatory processes and neuronal survival, we examined the effects of high glucose on neuroinflammation and neuronal death during the intermediate phase of TBI.

Cardiac resynchronization therapy coronary venous left ventricular lead removal and reimplantation: Experience from a single center in China.

The present study aimed to investigate the success rate, methods and associated complications of left ventricular lead (LVL) extraction and venous pathway reimplantation in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy device/defibrillator (CRT/CRTD). A retrospective analysis was performed in the patients who underwent CRT/CRTD extraction and reimplantation at our hospital from January 2012 to October 2018. The methods, patient complications and success rate of extraction and reimplantation of LVL were analyzed.

Carvedilol alleviates diabetic cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by structural and functional changes in the myocardium. Several studies have revealed that myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis occur during DCM. Studies have also indicated that oxidative stress may be a major factor associated with the development of DCM.

Cholesterol Crystal-Mediated Inflammation Is Driven by Plasma Membrane Destabilization.

Atherosclerosis is driven by an inflammatory milieu in the walls of artery vessels. Initiated early in life, it progresses to plaque formation and form cell accumulation. A culprit in this cascade is the deposition of cholesterol crystals (CC).

Strong adhesion by regulatory T cells induces dendritic cell cytoskeletal polarization and contact-dependent lethargy.

Dendritic cells are targeted by regulatory T (T reg) cells, in a manner that operates as an indirect mode of T cell suppression. In this study, using a combination of single-cell force spectroscopy and structured illumination microscopy, we analyze individual T reg cell-DC interaction events and show that T reg cells exhibit strong intrinsic adhesiveness to DCs. This increased DC adhesion reduces the ability of contacted DCs to engage other antigen-specific cells.

The Effects of Carvedilol on Cardiac Function and the AKT/XIAP Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Rats.

Objectives: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by cardiac dysfunction, myocardial inflammation, interstitial fibrosis and cardiomyocytes apoptosis. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of carvedilol on cardiac function and the AKT/XIAP signaling pathway in DCM rats.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group, diabetic mellitus (DM) group and DM with carvedilol treatment group.

Multiple characteristics analysis of Alzheimer's electroencephalogram by power spectral density and Lempel-Ziv complexity.

To investigate the electroencephalograph (EEG) background activity in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), power spectrum density (PSD) and Lempel-Ziv (LZ) complexity analysis are proposed to extract multiple effective features of EEG signals from AD patients and further applied to distinguish AD patients from the normal controls. Spectral analysis based on autoregressive Burg method is first used to quantify the power distribution of EEG series in the frequency domain. Compared with the control group, the relative PSD of AD group is significantly higher in the theta frequency band while lower in the alpha frequency bands.

Peripheral Lymphoid Volume Expansion and Maintenance Are Controlled by Gut Microbiota via RALDH+ Dendritic Cells.

Lymphocyte homing to draining lymph nodes is critical for the initiation of immune responses. Secondary lymphoid organs of germ-free mice are underdeveloped. How gut commensal microbes remotely regulate cellularity and volume of secondary lymphoid organs remains unknown.

[Metagenomic analysis of bat virome in several Chinese regions].

Bats are important reservoir animals and more than 60 viruses have been identified in bats with many of them highly pathogenic to human. In order to understand the natural background, genetic diversity of bat viruses in China and discover potential viral pathogens, Solexa sequencing based viral metagenomics focusing on bats tissues was established and to analyze the virome of bats collected from Jilin, Yunnan and Hunan province. By Solexa sequencing, 116 442 324 useful reads were obtained and assembled into 4 872 contigs, of which 8.