Once-weekly glucagon-like peptide receptor agonist polyethylene glycol loxenatide protects against major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes: a multicenter ambispective cohort study (FLYING trial).

This study aimed to determine the effects of polyethylene glycol loxenatide (PEG-Loxe), a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, on a three-point major adverse cardiovascular event (3P-MACE) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study was conducted in six tertiary hospitals in three cities in China. Large language models were used to retrospectively screen and include 12,341 patients with T2DM who had either cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors.

Angiotensin (1-7) Improves Pancreatic Islet Function via Upregulating PDX-1 and GCK: A Dose-Dependent Study in Mice.

This study aimed to verify the effect of angiotensin (1-7) on improving islet function and further explore the signaling pathway that may be involved in this improvement. It also aimed to explore the effects of angiotensin (1-7) on blood glucose levels, islet function, and morphological changes in db/db mice and its potential signal pathway. Forty-five db/db mice were divided randomly into a model control group and different doses of angiotensin (1-7) intervention groups (0, 150, 300, and 600 g/kg/d), while seven db/m mice were assigned as the normal control group.

Genetic insights into repurposing statins for hyperthyroidism prevention: a drug-target Mendelian randomization study.

Background: Current therapeutic measures for thyroid dysfunction are limited and often accompanied by adverse effects. The use of lipid-lowering drugs like statins has recently been associated with lower thyroid eye diseases risk.

Objective: To investigate the implications of genetically proxied lipid-lowering drugs on thyroid dysfunction.

Measurement of cumulative high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio in the risk prediction of type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Converging data have suggested that monocytic inflammation and C-reactive protein (CRP) are biologically intertwined processes and are involved in diabetogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the association between systemic inflammation assessed by joint cumulative high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CumCRP) and monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (CumMHR) and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) and their predictive value for T2D in a general population.

Methods: A total of 40,813 nondiabetic participants from a prospective real-life cohort (Kailuan Study, China) were followed biennially from 2010/2011 until December 31, 2020.

Combined effect of adiposity and elevated inflammation on incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Adiposity and elevated inflammation are two hallmarks of hyperglycemia. However, it is unknown whether clustering of elevated inflammation and adiposity interact act on diabetogenesis and lead to a greater risk for incident type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Adiposity was indicated by body mass index, waist circumference and ultrasonography-measured fatty liver degrees.

Monitoring the dynamic changes in aroma during the whole processing of Qingzhuan tea at an industrial scale: From fresh leaves to finished tea.

Aroma is one of the most outstanding quality characteristics of Qingzhuan tea (QZT), but its formation is still unclear. Thus, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the whole processing of QZT were investigated by headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Based on 144 identified VOCs, the results showed that de-enzyming, sun-drying, and piling fermentation were the key processes of QZT aroma formation.

Establishment and Reliability Evaluation of Prognostic Models in Diabetic Foot.

Purpose: To study the risk factors affecting amputation and survival in patients with diabetic foot (DF) and to construct a predictive model using the machine learning technique for DF foot amputation and survival and evaluate its effectiveness.

Materials And Methods: A total of 200 patients with DF hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College in China were selected via cluster analysis screening, Kaplan-Meier survival calculation, amputation rate and Cox proportional hazards model investigation of risk factors associated with amputation and death. In addition, we constructed various models, including Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, the deep learning method convolution neural network (CNN) model, backpropagation (BP) neural network model, and backpropagation neural network prediction model after optimizing the genetic algorithm.

Association of cumulative monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio with the risk of type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Recent studies have established that monocyte-derived inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It is unclear whether chronic metabolic inflammation, reflected by the cumulative monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio (CumMHR), predisposes the general population to T2DM.

Methods: This study included 40,813 participants without diabetes from a real-life, community-based cohort (the Kailuan Study) attending a 2-year cycle of health survey since 2006.

Microbial community succession in the fermentation of Qingzhuan tea at various temperatures and their correlations with the quality formation.

With the aim to reveal the microbial community succession at various temperatures in the fermentation of Qingzhuan tea (QZT), the Illumina NovaSeq sequencing was carried out to analyze bacterial and fungal community structure in tea samples collected from the fermentation set at various temperatures, i.e., 25 °C, 30 °C, 37 °C, 45 °C, 55 °C, and room temperature.

The association of uric acid with the development of thyroid nodules: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Uric acid was found to have a positive correlation with thyroid nodules in the cross-sectional studies recently. We aimed to conduct a retrospective cohort study to investigate whether uric acid is a risk factor for the development of thyroid nodules.

Methods: We reviewed the data of individuals who attended the medical check-ups in our hospital from 2010 to 2019.

Influence of thermophilic microorganism on non-volatile metabolites during high-temperature pile-fermentation of Chinese dark tea based on metabolomic analysis.

Unlabelled: Pile-fermentation is a critical procedure for producing Chinese dark tea, during which thermophilic microorganisms would play an irreplaceable role. However, there have been little researches on the influences of thermophilic microorganism pile-fermentation (TMPF) in high-temperature of Chinese dark tea. Thus, we conducted high-performance liquid chromatography and nontargeted metabolomic to analyze the non-volatile metabolites of TMPF.

Membrane tethering of CreER decreases uninduced cell labeling and cytotoxicity while maintaining recombination efficiency.

Genetic lineage tracing is indispensable to unraveling the origin, fate, and plasticity of cells. However, the intrinsic leakiness in the CreER- system raises concerns on data interpretation. Here, we reported the generation of a novel dual inducible CreER- system with superior labeling characteristics.

Changes of Structural and Functional Attention Control Networks in Subclinical Hypothyroidism.

This study aimed to explore the structural changes in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and to investigate the altered attentional control networks using functional MRI (fMRI) during the performance of a modified Stroop task with Chinese characters. High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted images and an fMRI scan were taken from 18 patients with SCH and 18 matched control subjects. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Chinese-revised (MoCA-CR) and the Stroop task were used to evaluate the cognitive and attention control of the participants.

Reduced stress-associated FKBP5 DNA methylation together with gut microbiota dysbiosis is linked with the progression of obese PCOS patients.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease in females that is characterized by hyperandrogenemia, chronic anovulation, and polycystic ovaries. However, the exact etiology and pathogenesis of PCOS are still unknown. The aim of this study was to clarify the bacterial, stress status, and metabolic differences in the gut microbiomes of healthy individuals and patients with high body mass index (BMI) PCOS (PCOS-HB) and normal BMI PCOS (PCOS-LB), respectively.

Obesity and Overweight Are Independently Associated with Greater Survival in Critically Ill Diabetic Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: The relationship between obesity and the outcomes of critically ill diabetic patients is not completely clear. We aimed to assess the effects of obesity and overweight on the outcomes among diabetic patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: Critically ill diabetic patients in the ICU were classified into three groups according to their body mass index.

Doxycycline in Extremely Low Dose Improves Glycemic Control and Islet Morphology in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.

Purpose: Chronic low-grade inflammation is detected in obese and diabetic individuals. Tetracyclines, used as antibiotics for years, have been demonstrated to have diverse non-bactericidal effects, including anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to investigate whether doxycycline at sub-antimicrobial concentrations could improve glycemic control in mice fed a high-fat diet, through its anti-inflammatory activities.

Classification of Thyroid Nodules with Stacked Denoising Sparse Autoencoder.

Purpose: Several commercial tests have been used for the classification of indeterminate thyroid nodules in cytology. However, the geographic inconvenience and high cost confine their widespread use. This study aims to develop a classifier for conveniently clinical utility.

Metabolite and Microbiome Profilings of Pickled Tea Elucidate the Role of Anaerobic Fermentation in Promoting High Levels of Gallic Acid Accumulation.

Gallic acid (GA) is an important active ingredient for its pharmacological activities. High levels of GA in tea can be obtained by anaerobic fermentation, but its mechanism is still unclear. Here, the profiles of metabolites and microbiomes in pickled tea were analyzed.

Effectiveness and safety of human amnion/chorion membrane therapy for diabetic foot ulcers: An updated meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Human amnion/chorion membrane therapy has shown advantages in the management of diabetic foot ulcers and its effectiveness has been evaluated in the systematic reviews and meta-analyses. However, the number of patients included in the previous literatures was small and the safety profile of human amnion/chorion membrane therapy was not concerned. Therefore, we conducted an updated meta-analysis to better understand the effectiveness and safety of human amnion/chorion membrane therapy for diabetic foot ulcers.

The Effect of Inflammation on the Formation of Thyroid Nodules.

Background: Some studies have demonstrated that inflammation is highly associated with the prevalence of thyroid nodules (TNs). However, more confounders, such as metabolic diseases, should be adjusted.

Methods: A clinical study collecting 2722 subjects was conducted to confirm the association between inflammation and TNs.

The Efficacy and Safety of Acellular Matrix Therapy for Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Background: Acellular matrix (AM) therapy has shown promise in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) in several studies. The clinical effects of AM therapy were not well established. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to examine the efficacy and safety of AM therapy for patients with DFUs.

A Mechanism Exploration of Metabolic Syndrome Causing Nodular Thyroid Disease.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components have been demonstrated to facilitate the prevalence of thyroid nodules (TNs). The underlying pathogenesis needs to be elucidated.

Methods: A total of 2722 subjects, who underwent health checkup in our institute from December 2014 to November 2018, were retrospectively and randomly collected.

An improved cellular enucleation method with extracellular matrix and colchicine facilitates the study of nucleocytoplasmic interaction.

Enucleated mammalian cells (cytoplasts) have been widely used for studying differential roles of the cytoplasm and nucleus in various cellular processes. Here, we reported an improved enucleation protocol, in which cells were seeded in extracellular matrix (ECM)-coated 24-wells and spun at 4600 g and 35 °C for 60 min in the presence of cytochalasin B and colchicine. When glass-bottom wells were used, cellular structures and organelles in cytoplasts could be examined directly by confocal microscopy.

Nicotinic Acid Receptor GPR109A Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects Through Inhibiting the Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in MIN6 Pancreatic β cells.

Objectives: We found that activation of the nicotinic acid receptor GPR109A, expressed by the MIN6 murine pancreatic β cell line, inhibits nitric oxide accumulation induced by IFN-γ and TNF-α, implicating an anti-inflammatory effect of GPR109A in MIN6 cells. Nevertheless, the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory effect is still unknown. In this study, we used palmitic acid to stimulate MIN6 cells to induce inflammatory cytokine production and explored the mechanism by which GPR109A exerts anti-inflammatory effects.

Low dose doxycycline decreases systemic inflammation and improves glycemic control, lipid profiles, and islet morphology and function in db/db mice.

The aim of this study was to determine whether low dose doxycycline as an anti-inflammatory agent could improve glucose metabolism in diabetic animals. Therefore, doxycycline was supplemented in drinking water to 6-week-old male db/db mice for 10 weeks. Doxycycline reduced perirenal/epididymal fat, Lee's index, and liver cholesterol.