Development and validation of tools for predicting the risk of death and ICU admission of non-HIV-infected patients with pneumonia.

Introduction: The mortality rate of non-HIV-infected pneumonia (PCP) is high. This research aimed to develop and validate two clinical tools for predicting the risk of death and intensive care unit (ICU) admission in non-HIV-infected patients with PCP to reduce mortality.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2012 and 2021.

High initial (1, 3) Beta-d-Glucan concentration may be a predictor of satisfactory response of c aspofungin combined with TMP/SMZ for HIV-negative patients with moderate to severe Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of combination therapy of caspofungin and TMP/SMZ (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) in moderate to severe pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in patients without human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) and the relationship between therapeutic effect and plasma (1, 3) Beta-d-Glucan (BDG) levels.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed HIV-negative patients with PJP diagnosed in our department, who were treated with combination therapy of caspofungin and TMP/SMZ or monotherapy of TMP/SMZ during a six and a half year period.

Results: A total of 126 moderate to severe PJP patients were enrolled in the study.

Association between the older adults' social relationships and functional status in Japan.

Aim: Previous studies have shown that social relationships positively contribute to the functioning of older adults. However, the particular aspects of social relationships that are most predictive remain unknown. Consequently, the current study aimed to clarify what elements of social relationships impacted the maintenance of functioning among older adults.

The influence of home-rearing environment on children's behavioral problems 3 years' later.

Reduction of children's behavioral problems has the potential to ameliorate parental stress, mental health problems, and family dysfunction. The current study was designed as a 3-year longitudinal study with secondary data. A total of 99 caregivers with preschool aged children were required to complete two self-reported questionnaires: the Index of Child Care Environment and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.

Identification of volatile degradants in formulations containing sesame oil using SPME/GC/MS.

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME), in combination with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), was used to identify an unknown degradant observed during stability studies of a pharmaceutical formulation containing sesame oil. SPME is a solvent-less, rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive extraction method that minimizes sample preparation. SPME combined with GC is a widely used technique in certain fields, such as food, environmental analysis, forensics, and consumer products, but has only rarely been used for the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations.