[Microbial production of food compounds with carbon dioxide and derived low-carbon molecules as substrates].

The construction and optimization of microbial cell factories are crucial steps and key technologies in achieving green biomanufacturing. As concern has been aroused regarding the excessive carbon dioxide (CO) emissions and food security, a new and promising research field, microbial conversion of CO into food compounds, has emerged. The research in this field not only holds significant implications for achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals but also plays a role in maintaining food security.

Biomechanical Study of Porcine Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture Model Strengthened by Trajectory-Adjustable Bone Cement Filling Device.

Objective: To establish a porcine osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture model and compare the impact of unilateral vertebroplasty using trajectory-adjustable bone cement filling device to traditional surgical tools on vertebral biomechanics.

Methods: Twenty-four fresh adult porcine vertebrae were used to establish an osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture model. The specimens were divided into 4 groups (A, B, C, and D), each consisting of 6 vertebrae.

A real-time deep learning-based system for colorectal polyp size estimation by white-light endoscopy: development and multicenter prospective validation.

Background: The choice of polypectomy device and surveillance intervals for colorectal polyps are primarily decided by polyp size. We developed a deep learning-based system (ENDOANGEL-CPS) to estimate colorectal polyp size in real time.

Methods: ENDOANGEL-CPS calculates polyp size by estimating the distance from the endoscope lens to the polyp using the parameters of the lens.

Comprehensive Analysis of a Ferroptosis-Related lncRNA Signature for Predicting Prognosis and Immune Landscape in Osteosarcoma.

Research on the implications of ferroptosis in tumors has increased rapidly in the last decades. There are evidences that ferroptosis is involved in several aspects of cancer biology, including tumor progression, metastasis, immunomodulation, and therapeutic response. Nonetheless, the interaction between ferroptosis-related lncRNAs (FRLs) and the osteosarcoma immune microenvironment is poorly understood.

Creation of a Yeast Strain with Co-Translationally Acylated Nucleosomes.

Structurally diverse acylations have been identified as post-translational modifications (PTMs) on histone lysine residues, but their functions and regulations remain largely unknown. Interestingly, in nature, a lysine acylation analog, pyrrolysine, is introduced as a co-translational modification (CTM) through genetic encoding. To explore this alternative life form, we created a model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing site-specific lysine CTMs (acetyl-lysine, crotonyl-lysine, or another synthetic analog) at histone H3K56 using non-canonical amino acid mutagenesis to afford a chemically modified nucleosome in lieu of their own in vivo.

Integrated analyses of an RNA binding protein-based signature related to tumor immune microenvironment and candidate drugs in osteosarcoma.

Objective: Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primary bone malignancy, associated with frequent recurrence and lung metastasis. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are pivotal in regulating several aspects of cancer biology. Nonetheless, interaction between RBPs and the osteosarcoma immune microenvironment is poorly understood.

One-pot synthesis of double silane-functionalized carbon dots with tunable emission and excellent coating properties for WLEDs application.

Silane-functionalized carbon dots (SiCDs) can be exploited as effective color converting materials for the solid-state light-emitting devices. However, most of SiCDs reported thus far have shown photoluminescence emissions in the blue and green spectral range, which limit them to construct an efficient white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) due to the lack of long-wavelength emission. Herein, a series of double silane-functionalized carbon dots (DSiCDs) were prepared via a one-step solvothermal method.

When Supramolecular Chemistry Meets Chemical Biology: New Strategies to Target Proteins through Host-Guest Interactions.

Supramolecular chemistry for targeting proteins is of great interest for the development of novel approaches to recognize, isolate and control proteins. Taking advantage of chemical biology approaches, such as genetic-code expansion and enzyme-mediated ligation, guest recognition elements can be built into proteins of interest, allowing supramolecular control of protein function and regulation. In this viewpoint article, we will discuss the methods, applications, limitations, and future perspectives of supramolecular chemistry for targeting proteins in a site-specific manner.

A General Supramolecular Approach to Regulate Protein Functions by Cucurbit[7]uril and Unnatural Amino Acid Recognition.

Regulation of specific protein function is of great importance for both research and therapeutic development. Many small or large molecules have been developed to control specific protein function, but there is a lack of a universal approach to regulate the function of any given protein. We report a general host-guest molecular recognition approach involving modification of the protein functional surfaces with genetically encoded unnatural amino acids bearing guest side chains that can be specifically recognized by cucurbit[7]uril.

Thermophilic Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase Mutants for Enhanced Mammalian Genetic Code Expansion.

Genetic code expansion (GCE) is a powerful technique for site-specific incorporation of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins in living cells, which is achieved through evolved aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase mutants. Stability is important for promoting enzyme evolution, and we found that many of the evolved synthetase mutants have reduced thermostabilities. In this study, we characterized two novel pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetases (PylRSs) derived from thermophilic archaea: () and ().

An Orthogonal Tyrosyl-tRNA Synthetase/tRNA Pair from a Thermophilic Bacterium for an Expanded Eukaryotic Genetic Code.

The -derived tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase was the first enzyme engineered for genetic code expansion in a eukaryotic system but can charge only a limited set of structurally simple noncanonical amino acids. In contrast, the thermophilic -derived tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase mutants, used in only a prokaryotic system, can charge a surprisingly large set of structurally diverse ncAAs, due to their remarkable structural ability to tolerate mutations. Inspired by this, we characterized a new class of tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pairs from thermophilic bacterium , which is homologous to the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase but with better thermostability.

Proteomic Identification of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase and Substrate Interactions in Living Mammalian Cells by Genetic Encoding of Irreversible Enzyme Inhibitors.

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play critical roles in cell signaling pathways, but identification of unknown PTPs for a given substrate in live cells remain technically challenging. Here, we synthesized a series of tyrosine-based irreversible PTP inhibitors and characterized by site-specific encoding on substrate proteins in cells with an expanded genetic code. By fine-tuning the chemical reactivity, we identified optimal active amino acid probes to covalently cross-link a PTP and its substrate both in vitro and in mammalian cells.

Upconversion effective enhancement by producing various coordination surroundings of rare-Earth ions.

In this manuscript, we present a simple route to enhance upconversion (UC) emission by producing two different coordination sites of trivalent cations in a matrix material and adjusting crystal field asymmetry by Hf(4+) co-doping. A cubic phase, Y3.2Al0.

Influences of Structural Properties on Stability of Fullerenols.

Influences of structural properties on the stability of fullerenols are studied using experimental techniques including laser-induced dissociation associated with a time-of-flight measurement, synchrotron radiation XPS, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Stabilities of a family of fullerenols (C(OH), C(OH), C(OH), C(OH), C(OH), and C(OH)) as functions of structural parameters-the hydroxyl number, intensity of the impure group, and the ratio of the carbonyl to hydroxyl groups-are investigated. It is found that the molecular stability largely depends on the quantity of impure groups, especially the highly oxygenated carbons in fullerenols, but less on the hydroxyl number.