Photochemistry of Microsolvated Nitrous Acid: Observation of the Water-Separated Complex of Nitric Oxide and Hydroxyl Radical.

The photochemistry of nitrous acid (HONO) plays a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry as it serves as a key source of hydroxyl radicals (OH) in the atmosphere; however, our comprehension of the underlying mechanism for the photochemistry of HONO especially in the presence of water is far from being complete as the transient intermediates in the photoreactions have not been observed. Herein, we report the photochemistry of microsolvated HONO by water in a cryogenic N matrix. Specifically, the 1:1 hydrogen-bonded water complex of HONO was facially prepared in the matrix through stepwise photolytic O oxidation of the water complex of imidogen (NH-HO) via the intermediacy of the elusive water complex of peroxyl isomer HNOO.

[Short-term effectiveness of Gamma 3 U-Blade system for osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly].

Objective: To compare the short-term effectiveness between Gamma 3 intramedullary nails and Gamma 3 U-Blade system in the treatment of osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 124 elderly patients with osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures, who were admitted between February 2020 and February 2023 and met the selection criteria. The fractures were fixed with Gamma 3 intramedullary nails in 65 patients (control group) and Gamma 3 U-Blade systems in 59 patients (UB group).

Association of calf circumference with osteoporosis and hip fracture in middle-aged and older adults: a secondary analysis.

Background: Osteosarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome associated with an increased risk of frailty, falls, fractures, disability, and death. Calf circumference (CC) has been used as a simple and practical skeletal muscle marker to diagnose sarcopenia. This study aimed to explore the relationship of calf circumference and osteoporosis (OP) and hip fractures (HF) in middle-aged and older adults.

[Perioperative changes of serum interleukin 6 levels in elderly male patients with intertrochanteric fracture].

Objective: To investigate the perioperative changes in serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in elderly male patients with intertrochanteric fractures, and provide evidence for inflammatory control in this patient population.

Methods: The clinical data of 40 male patients aged more than 60 years with intertrochanteric fractures who met the selection criteria between January 2021 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 25 non-osteoporosis patients (T value>-2.5, group A) and 15 osteoporosis patients (T value≤-2.

Hydrogen-Bonded Complexes of HPN⋅ and HNP⋅ Radicals with Carbon Monoxide.

Phosphorus mononitride (PN) is a carrier of phosphorus in the interstellar medium. As the simplest derivatives of PN, the radical species HPN⋅ and HNP⋅ have remained elusive. Herein, we report the generation, characterization, and photochemistry of HPN⋅ and HNP⋅ in N-matrix at 3 K.

Heavy-Atom Tunneling in Ring-Closure Reactions of Beryllium Ozonide Complexes.

Quantum mechanical tunneling (QMT) has long been recognized as crucial for understanding chemical reaction mechanisms, particularly in reactions involving light atoms like hydrogen. However, recent findings have expanded this understanding to include heavy-atom tunneling reactions. In this report, we present the observation of two heavy-atom tunneling reactions involving the spontaneous conversions from end-on bonded beryllium ozonide complexes, OBeOOO () and BeOBeOOO (), to their corresponding side-on bonded ozonide isomers, OBe(η-O) () and BeOBe(η-O) (), respectively, in a cryogenic neon matrix.

Advances and mechanisms of fungal symbionts in improving the salt tolerance of crops.

Soil salinization leads to reduced crop yields and waste of land resources, thereby impacting global food security. To meet the increasing demand for food and simultaneously alleviate pressure on soil resources, the development of sustainable agriculture is imperative. In contrast to physical and chemical methods, bioremediation represents an efficient and environmentally friendly approach.

WI-TMLEGA: Weight Initialization and Training Method Based on Entropy Gain and Learning Rate Adjustment.

Addressing the issues of prolonged training times and low recognition rates in large model applications, this paper proposes a weight training method based on entropy gain for weight initialization and dynamic adjustment of the learning rate using the multilayer perceptron (MLP) model as an example. Initially, entropy gain was used to replace random initial values for weight initialization. Subsequently, an incremental learning rate strategy was employed for weight updates.

Prognostic impact of metformin in solid cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: novel evidences from a multicenter retrospective study.

Metformin as a common antidiabetic drug, has recently found to exert its anti-cancer and immunomodulatory effect in numerous preclinical studies. This study aims to clarify the prognostic impact of metformin use in solid cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). A retrospective cohort enrolling 516 solid cancer patients who received ICI-based therapy between 2018 and 2023 at three hospitals was analyzed.

Direct Observation of HOON Intermediate in the Photochemistry of HONO.

The photochemistry of nitrous acid (HONO), encompassing dissociation into OH and NO as well as the reverse association reaction, plays a pivotal role in atmospheric chemistry. Here, we report the direct observation of nitrosyl--hydroxide (HOON) in the photochemistry of HONO, employing matrix-isolation IR and UV-vis spectroscopy. Despite a barrier of approximately 30 kJ/mol, HOON undergoes spontaneous rearrangement to the more stable HONO isomer through quantum mechanical tunneling, with a half-life of 28 min at 4 K.

Carbon Dot Nanozyme Ameliorating Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Muscle Injury by Antioxidation and Downregulating iNOS/COX-2 Pathway.

Skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a prevalent type of muscle injury caused by events, such as trauma, arterial embolism, and primary thrombosis. The development of an IR injury is associated with oxidative stress and an excessive inflammatory response. Nanozymes, which have exceptional free radical scavenging activities, have gained significant attention for treating oxidative stress.

Opportunities and challenges of computer aided diagnosis in new millennium: A bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2023.

Background: After entering the new millennium, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) is rapidly developing as an emerging technology worldwide. Expanding the spectrum of CAD-related diseases is a possible future research trend. Nevertheless, bibliometric studies in this area have not yet been reported.

Time to change? Present and prospects of hemorrhoidal classification.

As a common benign anal condition, the high incidence and recurrence of hemorrhoids pose challenges for both patients and doctors. The classification of hemorrhoids plays a crucial role in assessing, diagnosing, and treating the condition. By using appropriate classification and corresponding treatment strategies, we can achieve higher cure rates and lower recurrence rates of hemorrhoids.

Comparative cost analysis of implanting devices in different cardiac resynchronization therapeutic strategies.

Background: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established treatment option for heart failure patients. However, the implementation of triple-chamber pacemakers can be cost-prohibitive. His-Purkinje system pacing (HPSP) can also enable cardiac resynchronization, and it can be achieved with relatively inexpensive conventional pacemakers.

New Stable and Fast Ring-Polymer Molecular Dynamics for Calculating Bimolecular Rate Coefficients with an Example of OH + CH.

The accurate and efficient calculation of the rate coefficients of chemical reactions is a key issue in the research of chemical dynamics. In this work, by applying the dimension-free ultrastable Cayley propagator, the thermal rate coefficients of a prototypic high dimensional chemical reaction OH + CH → HO + CH in the temperature range of 200 to 1500 K are investigated with ring polymer molecular dynamics (RPMD) on a highly accurate full-dimensional potential energy surface. Kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) for three isotopologues of the title reaction are also studied.

Indocyanine green fluorescence-navigated thoracoscopy versus traditional inflation-deflation approach in precise uniportal segmentectomy: a short-term outcome comparative study.

Background: Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) segmentectomy is widely used in the field of thoracic surgery. However, anatomical variations in the bronchi and lung vessels may be critical obstacles during precise pulmonary segmentectomy. Thus, it is necessary to optimize uniportal VATS segmentectomy and to accurately identify the plane between lung segments by precisely transecting the bronchi and blood vessels of the lung segments.

Design, synthesis, and preclinical evaluation of a novel bifunctional macrocyclic chelator for theranostics of cancers.

Purpose: This study was to design and synthesize a novel bifunctional chelator, named Dar, primarily validated by conjugating to tumor targeting motifs, labeled with radiometals, and performed preclinical evaluation of tumor imaging and cancer therapy in murine tumor models.

Method: The designed Dar was synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography, H/C NMR, and mass spectrometry. Dar-PSMA-617 was conjugated and radiolabeled with Ga, Lu, and Zr.

[Comparison of locking plate and intramedullary nail in treatment of Neer two- and three-part fractures of the proximal humerus in the elderly].

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of locking plate and intramedullary nail in treatment of Neer two- and three-part fractures of the proximal humerus in the elderly.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 86 elderly patients with Neer two- and three-part fractures of the proximal humerus met the selection criteria between January 2015 and December 2018. Forty-six patients were treated with locking plate fixation (locking plate group), and 40 patients with intramedullary nail fixation (intramedullary nail group).

Nucleophilic radiosynthesis of boron neutron capture therapy-oriented PET probe [F]FBPA using aryldiboron precursors.

A reliable copper-mediated nucleophilic radiosynthesis of the PET imaging probe [F]FBPA was developed using novel aryldiboron precursors. The carrier-free [F]FBPA with radiochemical purity >99% was prepared routinely the two-step synthesis with an automatic module and can be used for clinical PET imaging of tumours.

Perioperative changes of inflammation-based biomarker for predicting the prognosis in colorectal cancer patients: a retrospective analysis.

Introduction: Perioperative inflammatory markers, including the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), are associated with oncological prognosis. However, their changes in colorectal cancer surgery for predicting the prognosis are rarely investigated.

Aim: To compare perioperative changes to evaluate the prognostic significance of patients' survival.

Fibular strut allograft influences reduction and outcomes after locking plate fixation of comminuted proximal humeral fractures in elderly patients: a retrospective study.

Background: Proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) are the third most commonly occurring fractures in elderly patients. Most of these fractures can be treated with conservative methods, but the optimal surgical treatment strategy for unstable fractures in elderly patients remains controversial. This study aimed to compare the radiological and clinical outcomes between locking compression plate (LCP) fixation and LCP fixation with fibular allograft implantation for the treatment of comminuted PHFs.

Site-dependent fluorescence enhanced polymers with a self-restricted GFP chromophore for living cell imaging.

The β-barrel structure of green fluorescent protein (GFP) provides a confined environment to enhance its fluorescence efficiency. Inspired by the unique structure of GFP, we reported a self-restricted GFP chromophore analogue which was rationally grafted onto the middle or the terminal of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PEG-b-PNIPAM) via click chemistry to obtain PEG-GA-PNIPAM and PEG-PNIPAM-GA (GA: MeOBDPI). These structures were characterized through NMR, GPC, and FT-IR.

Association between connexin 40 and potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5 expression in the atrial myocytes of patients with atrial fibrillation.

Structural and electrical remodeling within the atrium mediate the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). Two key genes that sever a role in this remodeling are connexin 40 (Cx40) and potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5 (KCNA5), respectively. Electrical remodeling is considered to induce structural remodeling during AF.