The role of miRNAs as biomarkers in heterotopic ossification.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and progressive osseous heteroplasia are genetic forms of heterotopic ossification (HO). Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva is caused by ACVR1 gene mutations, while progressive osseous heteroplasia is caused by GNAS gene mutations. Nongenetic HO typically occurs after trauma or surgery, with an occurrence rate of 20-60%.

A plateau freshwater shallow lake as a significant CO sink during the ice-covered period: A case study of Lake Wuliangsuhai, China.

Lakes are essential for estimating the global CO budget. However, approximately 50 % of lakes undergo periodic freezing, and there is limited research on the factors influencing the CO cycle and ice formation in freshwater lakes located in middle- and high-latitude plateaus during ice-covered periods. Using high-frequency meteorological-flux data collected over six consecutive months during the 2018-2019 freezing period of Lake Wuliangsuhai, this study explored the diurnal variation, daily accumulation, and monthly accumulation of the CO cycle and its influencing mechanisms at a half-hour scale.

Novel derivatives of capsaicin as a potent hypolipidemic and anti-obesity agent.

Capsaicin is a natural product with multiple biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, weight loss, anti-cancer and cardiovascular disease prevention. However, its further applications have been limited by its strong irritation, poor water solubility, and unsatisfied pharmacological effects. To ameliorate the problem, a series of derivatives of capsaicin and its analogues were designed and synthesized.

Prediction of malignant risk stratification model for parotid gland nodules based on clinical and conventional ultrasound features: construction and validation.

Background: Ultrasound is widely used in the examination of the parotid gland, but no single ultrasound feature has demonstrated satisfactory diagnostic performance in predicting the nature of parotid nodules. Unlike the established and widely used grading systems for breast and thyroid nodules, a universally adopted and clinically accepted risk stratification system for malignancy in parotid gland nodules remains absent at present. This study aims to establish a malignant risk stratification model for parotid nodules by analyzing patients' clinical features and conventional ultrasound image characteristics.

Exploring environment-specific regulation: Characterizing bacterioplankton community dynamics in a typical lake of Inner Mongolia, China.

Lakes serve as heterogeneous ecosystems with rich microbiota. Although previous studies on bacterioplankton have advanced our understanding, there are gaps in our knowledge concerning variations in the taxonomic composition and community assembly processes of bacterioplankton across different environment conditions. This study explored the spatial dynamics, assembly processes, and co-occurrence relationships among bacterioplankton communities in 35 surface water samples collected from Hulun Lake (a grassland-type lake), Wuliangsuhai Lake (an irrigated agricultural recession type lake), and Daihai Lake (an inland lake with mixed farming and grazing) in the Inner Mongolia Plateau, China.

Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship study of novel plinabulin derivatives as anti-tumor agents based on the co-crystal structure.

Plinabulin, a 2, 5-diketopiperazine-type tubulin inhibitor derived from marine natural products, is currently undergoing Phase III clinical trials for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN). To obtain novel 2, 5-diketopiperazine derivatives with higher biological activity, we designed and synthesized two series of 37 plinabulin derivatives at the C-ring, based on the co-crystal structure of compound 1 and tubulin. Their structures were characterized using NMR and HRMS.

Composition, interaction networks, and nitrogen metabolism patterns of bacterioplankton communities in a grassland type Lake: a case of Hulun Lake, China.

The composition of bacterial communities in freshwater ecosystems is influenced by numerous factors including environmental conditions and biological interactions. In grassland inland closed lakes, factors affecting lake ecosystems are either exogenous or endogenous, contributing to the formation of distinct habitats in the surface and bottom waters of the bacterial communities. However, the extent to which environmental factors selectively shape the bacterial communities in aquatic systems remains unclear.

[Vertical Differences in Grassland Bacterial Community Structure During Non- Growing Season in Eastern Ulansuhai Basin].

Grassland is an important part of the regional ecosystem, and its micro ecological structures play key roles in the process of element migration and the evolution of ecological diversity systems. To discover the spatial difference of the grassland soil bacterial community, we collected five total soil samples at 30 cm depth and 60 cm depth in Eastern Ulansuhai Basin in early May (before the beginning of the new growing season, with a minimum influence of human activities and other factors). Based on 16S rRNA gene-based high-throughput sequencing technology, the vertical characteristic of the bacterial community was analyzed in detail.

The spatial distribution and abundance of microplastics in lake waters and ice during ice-free and ice-covered periods.

Understanding the spatial distribution and characteristics of microplastics (MPs) in lake waters is essential to assessing and addressing lacustrine MP pollution. This study investigated how lake ice affects the abundance, spatial distribution, and characteristics (size, shape) of MPs in Lake Ulansuhai by analyzing samples collected at ten sites uniformly distributed throughout the lake during ice-free and ice-covered periods. The abundance of MPs ranged between 204 ± 28 and 1224 ± 185 n·L in lake waters during the ice-free period, and from 34 ± 8 to 216 ± 21 n·L and 269 ± 84 to 915 ± 117 n·L in water and ice during the ice-covered period, respectively.

Design and Synthesis of Novel Phenylahistin Derivatives Based on Co-Crystal Structures as Potent Microtubule Inhibitors for Anti-Cancer Therapy.

Phenylahistin is a naturally occurring marine product with a diketopiperazine structure that can bind to the colchicine site of microtubulin as a possible anticancer agent. To develop more potent microtubule inhibitors, novel phenylahistin derivatives were designed and synthesized based on the co-crystal complexes of phenylahistin derivatives and microtubulin. We established a focused library of imidazole-type molecules for the introduction of different groups to the C-ring and A-ring of phenylahistin.

Conformation and energy investigation of microtubule longitudinal dynamic instability induced by natural products.

The natural products plinabulin, docetaxel, and vinblastine are microtubule targeting agents (MTAs). They have been used alone or in combination in cancer treatment. However, the exact nature of their effects on microtubule (MT) polymerization dynamics is poorly understood.

[Characteristics of Bacterial Community Structure in Wuliangsu Lake During an Irrigation Interval in Hetao Plain].

In order to study the bacterial community composition and corresponding function in Wuliangsu Lake at the end of the Hetao Plain during the irrigation gap period, lake samples were collected in September 2020, and the pH, TN, TP, DIP, DTP, NH-N, Chla, EC, SAL, and other indicators were analyzed. The 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing method was used to explore the attached bacteria and bacterioplankton in 15 samples of the surface water in Wuliangsu Lake. The experimental results showed that:① the alpha diversity Chao and Shannon indices of attached bacteria were greater than that of bacterioplankton, but the median of Shannoneven index was the same.

Effects of handle height and load on the endurance time for simulated demolition tasks.

Background: Manual demolition tasks are heavy physical demanding tasks which involve forceful exertion of sustained pushing. They result in muscle fatigue which could lead to musculoskeletal disorders. Assessments of maximum endurance time (MET) are essential in understanding the developing of muscle fatigue for these tasks.

Complete chloroplast genome sequence of and its phylogenetic position.

is traditional medicinal plant originated in South Africa. We characterize the complete plastid genome of , which is a circular-mapping molecule 152,119 bp in length. The genome has a large single-copy region (LSC) of 78,258 bp and a small single-copy region (SSC) of 18,735 bp, respectively.

Novel Stachydrine-Leonurine Conjugate SL06 as a Potent Neuroprotective Agent for Cerebral Ischemic Stroke.

As major active ingredients of the traditional Chinese medicine motherwort, stachydrine and leonurine were found to have protective effects against cerebral ischemia. However, their bioavailability was low, and their efficacy was unsatisfactory, which limited their further application. To solve these problems, the conjugates based on the structures of stachydrine and leonurine were designed and synthesized.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel stachydrine derivatives as potent neuroprotective agents for cerebral ischemic stroke.

Stachydrine is a natural product with multiple protective biological activities, including those involved in preventing cancer, ischemia, and cardiovascular disease. However, its use has been limited by low bioavailability and unsatisfactory efficacy. To address this problem, a series of stachydrine derivatives (A1/A2/A3/A4/B1/B2/B3/B4) were designed and synthesized, and biological studies were carried out in vitro and in vivo.

Structure-based design and synthesis of novel furan-diketopiperazine-type derivatives as potent microtubule inhibitors for treating cancer.

Plinabulin, a synthetic analog of the marine natural product "diketopiperazine phenylahistin," displayed depolymerization effects on microtubules and targeted the colchicine site, which has been moved into phase III clinical trials for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the prevention of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN). To develop more potent anti-microtubule and cytotoxic derivatives, the co-crystal complexes of plinabulin derivatives were summarized and analyzed. We performed further modifications of the tert-butyl moiety or C-ring of imidazole-type derivatives to build a library of molecules through the introduction of different groups for novel skeletons.

Seahorse treatment improves depression-like behavior in mice exposed to CUMS through reducing inflammation/oxidants and restoring neurotransmitter and neurotrophin function.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Seahorses (Hippocampus erectus), belonging to syngnathidae of syngnathiformes, are a traditional Chinese medicine for increasing and balancing vital energy within the body and brain, as well as calming mood and improving sleep.

Aim Of The Study: Based on the hypothesis of monoamine neurotransmitter deficiency, current antidepressant treatments, with many side effects, are ineffective. Thus, novel hypotheses, inflammation, oxidative stress and neurotrophin dysfunction were proposed.

Combination of a novel microtubule inhibitor MBRI-001 and gemcitabine synergistically induces cell apoptosis by increasing DNA damage in pancreatic cancer cell lines.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant cancer with poor prognosis. Although gemcitabine (GEM; 2',2'-difluoro-deoxycytidine) has been used as the first-line chemotherapeutic agent in PC treatment for decades, its limited efficacy remains a significant clinical issue, which may be resolved by GEM combination therapy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effects of MBRI-001 in combination with GEM in BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2 human PC cell lines.

Development of novel phenoxy-diketopiperazine-type plinabulin derivatives as potent antimicrotubule agents based on the co-crystal structure.

The co-crystal structure of Compound 6b with tubulin was prepared and solved for indicating the binding mode and for further optimization. Based on the co-crystal structures of tubulin with plinabulin and Compound 6b, a total of 27 novel A/B/C-rings plinabulin derivatives were designed and synthesized. Their biological activities were evaluated against human lung cancer NCI-H460 cell line.