From Triple- to Penta-Exposed Multiple Myeloma: A Real-World Study in a Medicare Population.

Introduction: Treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) has been transformed by novel therapies, including CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs), and proteasome inhibitors (PIs), resulting in increasing numbers of patients who are triple-class exposed (TCE; exposed to ≥ 1 drug in each class). Many patients are penta-exposed (PE; ≥ 2 IMiDs, ≥ 2 PIs, and a CD38 mAb), some are triple-class refractory (TCR), and some are PE and TCR (PE-TCR). Data on real-world outcomes in elderly patients with MM across this spectrum of exposure are limited.

Real-World Treatment Patterns and Outcomes of Cemiplimab in Patients with Advanced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Treated in US Oncology Practices.

Background: Prior to the Food and Drug Administration approval of cemiplimab in 2018, the median overall survival (OS) for adult patients with advanced CSCC receiving systemic therapy was approximately 8 to 15 months. Limited real-world data are available on cemiplimab for this indication in the US.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included US patients with advanced CSCC initiating cemiplimab monotherapy in a real-world database (2018-2021).

Tropical cyclone and daily respiratory mortality across East Asia: a time series study.

https://bit.ly/42rCIqM

Real-World Cost of Nasal Polyps Surgery and Risk of Major Complications in the United States: A Descriptive Retrospective Database Analysis.

Background: Endoscopic nasal polyp (NP) surgery is a treatment option for patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Previous studies report NP surgery costs of $8000-13,000 and risk of major complications of NP surgery of ~0.1-1%.

Machine learning models for identifying predictors of clinical outcomes with first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are standard-of-care as first-line (1L) therapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) without actionable oncogenic driver mutations. While clinical trials demonstrated benefits of ICIs over chemotherapy, variation in outcomes across patients has been observed and trial populations may not be representative of clinical practice. Predictive models can help understand heterogeneity of treatment effects, identify predictors of meaningful clinical outcomes, and may inform treatment decisions.

Characterizing the Shifting Real-World Treatment Landscape by PD-L1 Testing Status and Expression Level in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Introduction: Contemporary real-world data on advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) treatment patterns across programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression levels and testing status are limited.

Methods: A retrospective cohort was selected of adults newly diagnosed with aNSCLC between January 1, 2018, and July 31, 2021, who initiated first-line treatments, which were described by PD-L1 status and expression levels (≥ 50%, 1-49%, < 1%). Treatment received before and after PD-L1 test results were described for patients initiating first-line treatment before PD-L1 results.

Hedgehog pathway inhibitor real-world treatment patterns in patients with basal cell carcinoma: a claims-based analysis.

To examine real-world treatment patterns for Hedgehog pathway inhibitors (HHIs) for the treatment of advanced basal cell carcinoma. HHI initiators between January 2013 and June 2019 were identified from IBM MarketScan claims data. Time to treatment discontinuation and reinitiation were estimated using Kaplan-Meier methods using a 60-day grace period.

Real-World Treatment Patterns After CD19-Directed CAR T Cell Therapy Among Patients with Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma.

Introduction: CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T) are approved for treatment of adults with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) following at least two lines of therapy.

Methods: This study describes real-world treatment patterns after CAR T in adults with DLBCL. It includes adults diagnosed with DLBCL in IBM MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental healthcare claims databases administered CAR T between 2017 and 2019 (index event) and at least 6 months of continuous health plan enrollment pre-index.

The association of triglyceride levels with the incidence of initial and recurrent acute pancreatitis.

Background: This retrospective cohort study assessed the annualized incidence rate (IR) of acute pancreatitis (AP) in a nationally representative US adult population, as well as the variation in the risk of AP events across strata of triglyceride (TG) levels.

Methods: Data were obtained from IQVIA's US Ambulatory Electronic Medical Records (EMR) database linked with its LRxDx Open Claims database. Inclusion criteria included ≥1 serum TG value during the overlapping study period of the EMR and claims databases, ≥1 claim in the 12-month baseline period, and ≥ 1 claim in the 12 months post index.

Breast Cancer Risk Factors and Circulating Anti-Müllerian Hormone Concentration in Healthy Premenopausal Women.

Context: We previously reported that anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), a marker of ovarian reserve, is positively associated with breast cancer risk, consistent with other studies.

Objective: This study assessed whether risk factors for breast cancer are correlates of AMH concentration.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 3831 healthy premenopausal women (aged 21-57, 87% aged 35-49) from 10 cohort studies among the general population.

Prenatal fine particulate matter exposure, placental DNA methylation changes, and fetal growth.

This study was designed to examine the impact of prenatal fine particulate matter (PM) exposure on fetal growth and the underlying placental epigenetic mechanism in a cohort of Chinese women. Within the prospective Shanghai Mother-Child Pairs cohort (Shanghai MCPC), 329 women carrying singleton pregnancy with a due date in 2018 were recruited between 2017 and 2018. Maternal PM exposure levels were estimated using gestational exposure prediction model combining satellite-driven ambient concentrations and personal air sampling.

Associations of long-term exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide with indicators of diabetes and dyslipidemia in China: A nationwide analysis.

Background: The associations between ambient NO and diabetes and dyslipidemia have been controversial, and data is especially lacking in developing countries.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the associations of long-term exposure to NO with diabetes and dyslipidemia in China.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 13,013 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHRLS).

Ambient fine particulate matter induced the elevation of blood pressure through ACE2/Ang(1-7) pathway: The evidence from urine metabolites.

Background: Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM) is associated with various adverse health outcomes. Although several mechanisms have been proposed including oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, the exact mechanism is still unknown. Few studies have investigated the mechanism linking PM and blood pressure (BP).

Necessity of personal sampling for exposure assessment on specific constituents of PM: Results of a panel study in Shanghai, China.

Many epidemiological studies have evaluated the health risks of ambient fine particulate matter (PM). However, few studies have investigated the potential exposure misclassification caused by using ambient PM concentrations as proxy for individual exposure to PM in regions with high-level of air pollution. This study aimed to compare the differences between personal and ambient PM constituent concentrations, and to predict the personal exposure of sixteen PM constituents.

Lactational exposure of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and its association with infant developmental measurements.

This study was designed to assess the effect of lactational polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) exposure on early physical development of both healthy and fetal growth restriction (FGR) infants. Z scores of head circumference-for-age (ZHC), length-for-age (ZLEN), weight-for-age (ZWEI) and weight-for-length (ZWFL) were calculated according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. FGR infants had a higher PBDE exposure level and faster growth speed from 42 days to 6 months compared with healthy infants.

Clinical and Molecular Prevalence of Lipodystrophy in an Unascertained Large Clinical Care Cohort.

Lipodystrophies are a group of disorders characterized by absence or loss of adipose tissue and abnormal fat distribution, commonly accompanied by metabolic dysregulation. Although considered rare disorders, their prevalence in the general population is not well understood. We aimed to evaluate the clinical and genetic prevalence of lipodystrophy disorders in a large clinical care cohort.

Associations between in utero exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, pathophysiological state of fetal growth and placental DNA methylation changes.

Background: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are environmental chemicals with harmful effects on pregnancy, but their effects on adverse developmental outcomes are not fully understood. The placental DNA methylation is strongly influenced by prenatal environmental factors and has been linked to fetal growth.

Objective: To evaluate the association between in utero PBDEs exposure, placental DNA methylation changes (growth regulatory genes), and pathophysiology of fetal growth (birth outcomes, fetal growth retardation) in a population-based pregnancy cohort study.

Impact of short-term exposure to fine particulate matter air pollution on urinary metabolome: A randomized, double-blind, crossover trial.

Background: Metabolomics is a novel tool to explore the biological mechanisms of the health effects of fine particulate matter (PM) air pollution. Very few studies have examined the urinary metabolomic changes associated with PM exposure.

Objective: To assess the alternation in urine metabolomics in response to short-term PM exposure.

Personal exposure to PM constituents associated with gestational blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction.

Ambient fine particulate matter (PM) pollution has been implicated in the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. However, evidence on the effects of PM-derived chemical constituents on gestational blood pressure (BP) is limited, and the potential mechanisms underlying the association remain unclear. In this study, we repeated three consecutive 72-h personal air sampling and BP measurements in 215 pregnant women for 590 visits during pregnancy.