PCR-based isolation and identification of full-length low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GSs) are encoded by a multi-gene family and are essential for determining the quality of wheat flour products, such as bread and noodles. However, the exact role or contribution of individual LMW-GS genes to wheat quality remains unclear. This is, at least in part, due to the difficulty in characterizing complete sequences of all LMW-GS gene family members in bread wheat.

Synthesis of a [2]rotaxane operated in basic environment.

A tight [2]rotaxane with two chromophores as stoppers is described, in which the macrocycle is able to reversibly move by tuning of base. This moving process can result in intramolecular photo-induced electron transfer (PET), changing the photo-physical properties.

Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes between a wheat K-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line and its maintainer line.

Background: Plant mitochondria, semiautonomous organelles that function as manufacturers of cellular ATP, have their own genome that has a slow rate of evolution and rapid rearrangement. Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), a common phenotype in higher plants, is closely associated with rearrangements in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and is widely used to produce F1 hybrid seeds in a variety of valuable crop species. Novel chimeric genes deduced from mtDNA rearrangements causing CMS have been identified in several plants, such as rice, sunflower, pepper, and rapeseed, but there are very few reports about mtDNA rearrangements in wheat.

Development of a new marker system for identifying the complex members of the low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene family in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GSs) play an important role in determining the bread-making quality of bread wheat. However, LMW-GSs display high polymorphic protein complexes encoded by multiple genes, and elucidating the complex LMW-GS gene family in bread wheat remains challenging. In the present study, using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with conserved primers and high-resolution capillary electrophoresis, we developed a new molecular marker system for identifying LMW-GS gene family members.

Synthesis of a [2]rotaxane incorporating a "magic sulfur ring" by the thiol-ene click reaction.

The mild and highly efficient thiol-ene click reaction has been used to construct a rotaxane incorporating dibenzo-24-crown-8 (DB24C8) and a dibenzylammonium-derived thread in high yield under the irradiation of UV light. A rotaxane containing a disulfide linkage in the macrocycle was also synthesized by the thiol-ene click reaction. It has been demonstrated that the formation of the [2]rotaxane with the disulfide bond in the macrocycle occurs by a mechanism that is different to the threading-followed-by-stoppering process.

An unusual addition reaction for constructing a novel pH-controlled fluorescence switch.

A pH-controlled fluorescence switch based on a core-substituted naphthalenediimide compound (NDI-DBU) was constructed. The novel pentacyclic compound (NDI-DBU) was derived from naphthalenediimide (NDI) and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.

Spectral phase retrieval from interferometric autocorrelation by a combination of graduated optimization and genetic algorithms.

We describe a method for retrieving spectral phase information from second harmonic interferometric autocorrelation measurements supplemented by the use of the observed spectral intensity. By applying a combination of graduated optimization and genetic algorithms, accurate phase retrieval of laser pulses as short as a few optical cycles was obtained from the measured autocorrelation and spectral intensity. The effectiveness of the combined algorithms is demonstrated on a set of significantly different femtosecond pulse shapes.

Ectopic expression of a grapevine transcription factor VvWRKY11 contributes to osmotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.

Plant WRKY transcriptional factors play an important role in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, a WRKY transcription factor was isolated from grapevine. This transcription factor showed 66% and 58% identity at the DNA and amino acid sequence levels, respectively, with Arabidopsis AtWRKY11 genes, and was therefore designated VvWRKY11.

A complete mitochondrial genome of wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Yumai), and fast evolving mitochondrial genes in higher plants.

Plant mitochondrial genomes, encoding necessary proteins involved in the system of energy production, play an important role in the development and reproduction of the plant. They occupy a specific evolutionary pattern relative to their nuclear counterparts. Here, we determined the winter wheat (Triticum aestivum cv.

[Repair of soft tissue defects on the lower limbs with the facial pedicled flap with vascular perforating branch of leg].

Objective: To investigate the operative techniques and clinical results of the facial pedicled flap with vascular perforating branch of leg.

Methods: From May 1998 to January 2009,62 patients with soft tissue defects on the lower limbs were treated by four kinds of flap pedicled with the medial, posterior,anterolateral and posterolateral vascular perforating branches in the leg, included 50 males and 12 females, aged from 7 to 78 years old. There were 23 cases of the facial pedicled flap based on the perforating branch of the tibialis posterior artery, 9 cases of the facial pedicled flap based on the distal perforating branch of peroneal artery, 22 cases of the facial pedicled flap based on the peroneal artery perforator, 8 cases of the facial pedicled flap based on the lateral popliteal cutaneous artery.

Ethyl 3'-cyano-1'-methyl-2-oxo-4'-phenylspiro-[acenaphthene-1,2'-pyrrolidine]-3'-carboxyl-ate.

In the title compound, C(26)H(22)N(2)O(3), the acenaphthen-1-one ring system is nearly planar and the pyrrolidine ring adopts a distorted envelope conformation. An inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond stabilizes the crystal structure.

N,N-Dimethyl-4-[5-(5-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]aniline.

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(20)H(19)N(5)O, the pyrazole and oxadiazole rings are not completely conjugated, the dihedral angle between them being 7.97 (6)°. The pyrazole and oxadiazole rings form dihedral angles of 42.

Proteome analysis of leaves from the resurrection plant Boea hygrometrica in response to dehydration and rehydration.

Resurrection plants differ from other species in their unique ability to survive desiccation. In order to understand the mechanisms of desiccation tolerance, proteome studies were carried out using leaves of the resurrection plant Boea hygrometrica to reveal proteins that were differentially expressed in response to changes in relative water content. This opportunity was afforded by the rare ability of excised B.