Switching Reaction Pathways of CO Electroreduction by Modulating Cations in the Electrochemical Double Layer.

Tuning the selectivity of CO electroreduction reaction (CORR) solely by changing electrolyte is a very attractive topic. In this study, we conducted CORR in different aqueous electrolytes over bulk metal electrodes. It was discovered that controlled CORR could be achieved by modulating cations in the electrochemical double layer.

CCR2+TREM-1+ monocytes promote natural killer T cell dysfunction contributing towards HBV disease progression.

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are amongst the most important innate immune cells against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Moreover, previous studies have shown that HBV infection induced TREM-1+ expression in monocyte and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Thus, this prompted us to elucidate the role of TREM-1+ monocytes in regulating the function of iNKT cells.

Photocatalytic CO reduction to syngas using metallosalen covalent organic frameworks.

Metallosalen-covalent organic frameworks have recently gained attention in photocatalysis. However, their use in CO photoreduction is yet to be reported. Moreover, facile preparation of metallosalen-covalent organic frameworks with good crystallinity remains considerably challenging.

Selective Electrochemical Oxidation of Benzylic C-H to Benzylic Alcohols with the Aid of Imidazolium Radical Mediators.

Selective oxidation of benzylic C-H to benzylic alcohols is a well-known challenge in the chemical community since benzylic C-H is more prone to be overoxidized to benzylic ketones. In this work, we report the highly selective electro-oxidation of benzylic C-H to benzylic alcohols in an undivided cell in ionic liquid-based solution. As an example, the selectivity toward xanthydrol could be as high as 95.

The volatile anesthetic isoflurane differentially inhibits voltage-gated sodium channel currents between pyramidal and parvalbumin neurons in the prefrontal cortex.

Background: How volatile anesthetics work remains poorly understood. Modulations of synaptic neurotransmission are the direct cellular mechanisms of volatile anesthetics in the central nervous system. Volatile anesthetics such as isoflurane may reduce neuronal interaction by differentially inhibiting neurotransmission between GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses.

Associations between bullous pemphigoid and hematological diseases: Literature review on mechanistic connections and possible treatments.

Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune blistering disorder that primarily occurs in elderly patients. Reports indicate that BP coexists with various hematological diseases, including acquired hemophilia A, hypereosinophilic syndrome, aplastic anemia, autoimmune thrombocytopenia, and hematological malignancies. Early identification of these comorbidities contributes to a better control and reduced mortality.

Inhibition of p62-Keap1-Nrf2 Pathway Activation by Realgar Promotes the Inhibition of Esophageal Cancer Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Ferroptosis.

Background: Realgar, a Chinese herbal decoction, has been used to treat various types of tumors with positive outcomes; however, there is a lack of convincing evidence on its use for the treatment of esophageal cancer (EC). In this study, the role of the p62-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in the regulation of EC cell proliferation, migration, and ferroptosis in response to realgar was assessed.

Methods: Different concentrations of realgar (0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 μmol/L) were applied to the EC cell lines Eca109 and KYSE150.

mRNAsi-related metabolic risk score model identifies poor prognosis, immunoevasive contexture, and low chemotherapy response in colorectal cancer patients through machine learning.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most fatal cancers of the digestive system. Although cancer stem cells and metabolic reprogramming have an important effect on tumor progression and drug resistance, their combined effect on CRC prognosis remains unclear. Therefore, we generated a 21-gene mRNA stemness index-related metabolic risk score model, which was examined in The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases (1323 patients) and validated using the Zhongshan Hospital cohort (200 patients).

High preoperative white blood cell count determines poor prognosis and is associated with an immunosuppressive microenvironment in colorectal cancer.

Background: The correlation between high white blood cell (WBC) count and poor prognosis has been identified in various types of cancer; however, the clinical significance and immune context of WBC count in colorectal cancer remains unclear.

Methods: Between February 2009 and November 2014, 7,433 patients at the Shanghai Cancer Center who had undergone elective surgery for colorectal cancer were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into two groups: low and high preoperative WBC groups.

Circadian Rhythms and Sleep Are Dependent Upon Expression Levels of Key Ubiquitin Ligase .

Normal neurodevelopment requires precise expression of the key ubiquitin ligase gene . Comparing newly generated mouse models for downregulation (models of Angelman syndrome) vs. upregulation (models for autism), we find reciprocal effects of gene dosage on phenotypes associated with circadian rhythmicity, including the amount of locomotor activity.

In Silico Design of Covalent Organic Framework-Based Electrocatalysts.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging type of porous crystalline material for efficient catalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, it remains a grand challenge to address the best candidates from thousands of possible COFs. Here, we report a methodology for the design of the best candidate screened from 100 virtual M-N O (M = 3d transition metal)-based model catalysts via density functional theory (DFT) and machine learning (ML).

A comparative study of bilateral and unilateral early sucking within 2 hours of delivery on lactation.

Objective: This study explored and analyzed the effects of bilateral and unilateral early sucking within 2 h after delivery on lactation.

Methods: From August 2019 to August 2020, 392 primiparas with full-term, singleton, natural delivery, and normal breast conditions were submitted to the Obstetrics Department of our hospital and were enrolled as the research subjects. The subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 196 in each group.

A Porphyrin-Based Covalent Organic Framework for Metal-Free Photocatalytic Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Amines.

Imines are important intermediates in drug synthesis. Photocatalytic aerobic oxidative coupling of amines has been considered as a clean and promising way to produce imines and has attracted great attention. Herein, we designed and synthesized a novel two-dimensional porphyrin-based covalent organic framework (Por-BC-COF) which adopts an AA stacking mode with excellent crystallinity, high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface areas (1200 m  g ), wide light absorption range (200-1300 nm) and good stability in a variety of organic solvents.

Isoflurane Suppresses Hippocampal High-frequency Ripples by Differentially Modulating Pyramidal Neurons and Interneurons in Mice.

Background: Isoflurane can induce anterograde amnesia. Hippocampal ripples are high-frequency oscillatory events occurring in the local field potentials of cornu ammonis 1 involved in memory processes. The authors hypothesized that isoflurane suppresses hippocampal ripples at a subanesthetic concentration by modulating the excitability of cornu ammonis 1 neurons.

Sodium leak channel contributes to neuronal sensitization in neuropathic pain.

Neuropathic pain affects up to 10 % of the total population and no specific target is ideal for therapeutic need. The sodium leak channel (NALCN), a non-selective cation channel, mediates the background Na leak conductance and controls neuronal excitability and rhythmic behaviors. Here, we show that increases of NALCN expression and function in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and dorsal spinal cord contribute to chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain in rodents.

Detection of underlying dementia in bullous pemphigoid patients using cognitive evaluation tests: a multicenter case-control study.

Background: Preliminary observation in clinical practice showed that subjective neurocognitive complaints are relatively common in bullous pemphigoid (BP) patients. Yet, little has been done to investigate the neurocognitive status in BP.

Methods: This is a multicenter observational case-control study comprised of 61 BP patients and 65 matched control subjects from 3 medical centers in China from 2014 to 2019.

Assessment of the Characteristics and Associated Factors of Infectious Complications in Bullous Pemphigoid.

The clinical outcome of bullous pemphigoid appears worse in patients with infectious complications, and assessment of the prevalence and risk factors of infectious complications could be necessary to plan preventative strategies and to instruct the treatment plans. We sought to determine the risk factors of infection and compare associated factors in inpatients and outpatients with different system infections. This is a single-centered retrospective study on the medical records of 252 patients from 2010 to 2018 at the dermatology department, Peking Union Medical College.

Volatile Anesthetics Activate a Leak Sodium Conductance in Retrotrapezoid Nucleus Neurons to Maintain Breathing during Anesthesia in Mice.

Background: Volatile anesthetics moderately depress respiratory function at clinically relevant concentrations. Phox2b-expressing chemosensitive neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus, a respiratory control center, are activated by isoflurane, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The hypothesis of this study was that the sodium leak channel contributes to the volatile anesthetics-induced modulation of retrotrapezoid nucleus neurons and to respiratory output.

Successful treatment with thalidomide for pemphigus vulgaris.

Background: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a potentially life-threatening mucocutaneous autoimmune blistering disease characterized by suprabasal acantholysis, causing painful mucocutaneous blisters and erosions. Current mainstay therapy for pemphigus is systemic corticosteroids in combination with or without immunosuppressive adjuvants, which may cause severe adverse effects and seriously impact on the quality of life in pemphigus patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of thalidomide therapy in patients with PV.

Mesoporous Cu-CuO@TiO heterojunction photocatalysts derived from metal-organic frameworks.

This study reveals a unique Cu-CuO@TiO heterojunction photocatalyst obtained with metal-organic framework as the precursor, which can be utilized in dye photodegradation under visible light irradiation. The composition, structure, morphology, porosity, optical properties and photocatalytic performance of the obtained catalysts were all investigated in detail. The Cu-CuO@TiO nanocomposite is composed of lamellar Cu-CuO microspheres embedded by numerous TiO nanoparticles.

The Effects of General Anesthetics on Synaptic Transmission.

General anesthetics are a class of drugs that target the central nervous system and are widely used for various medical procedures. General anesthetics produce many behavioral changes required for clinical intervention, including amnesia, hypnosis, analgesia, and immobility; while they may also induce side effects like respiration and cardiovascular depressions. Understanding the mechanism of general anesthesia is essential for the development of selective general anesthetics which can preserve wanted pharmacological actions and exclude the side effects and underlying neural toxicities.

The General Anesthetic Isoflurane Bilaterally Modulates Neuronal Excitability.

Volatile anesthetics induce hyperactivity during induction while producing anesthesia at higher concentrations. They also bidirectionally modulate many neuronal functions. However, the neuronal mechanism is unclear.

Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of adamgammadex sodium, a novel agent to reverse the action of rocuronium and vecuronium, in healthy volunteers.

Neuromuscular blockers (NMBs) selectively block neuromuscular transmission at the N2-nicotinic receptor on motor neurons to paralyze skeletal muscles, and are mainly used to facilitate tracheal intubation and surgical procedures. Rapid reversal is necessary in clinical practice to avoid profound block and reduce recovery time. Adamgammadex sodium is a modified γ-cyclodextrin derivative consisting of a lipophilic core and a hydrophilic outer end that forms an inactive tight inclusion complex with free molecules of rocuronium and vecuronium.