Background: Myopia development is commonly assessed by an increase in axial length, which may lead to high myopia and visual impairment. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers and signaling pathways in the sclera during experimental axial elongation.
Methods: A myopia guinea pig model was established using male guinea pigs aged 2-3 weeks, which underwent bilateral lens-induced myopization (LIM) (study group) or were left untreated (control group).
The sclera is the target organ of axial elongation during myopia onset and progression. Visualizing the sclera in-vivo is important for monitoring the dynamic changes of the sclera remodeling in experimental myopia. In the present study, three-week-old tricolor guinea pigs were subjected to negative controls (n = 8), monocular negative lens-induced myopia (LIM, n = 10), or combining monocular LIM and intravitreally mTORC1 agonist (MHY1485, 4 µg) injection for inducing high myopia (LIM + MHY1485 group, n = 10) for four weeks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhotodiagnosis Photodyn Ther
February 2025
Background: Abnormalities in cone photoreceptor topography are closely associated with the development of various ocular diseases, including axial myopia. Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO) enables high-resolution, single-cell imaging of the living human retina.
Methods: This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between cone topography and axial myopia using a commercial AOSLO system.
Retinal diseases can severely impair vision and even lead to blindness, posing significant threats to both physical and mental health. Physical retinal regenerative therapies are poised to revolutionize the treatment of various disorders associated with blindness. However, these therapies must overcome the challenges posed by the protective inner and outer blood‒retinal barriers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFstudies of the relationship between surface spin configurations and spin-related electrocatalytic reactions are crucial for understanding how magnetic catalysts enhance oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance under magnetic fields. In this work, 2D FeSe nanosheets with rich surface spin configurations are synthesized via chemical vapor deposition. magnetic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy reveal that a 200 mT magnetic field eliminates spin-disordered domain walls, forming a spin-ordered single-domain structure, which lowers the OER energy barrier, as confirmed by theoretical calculations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe electrocatalytic reduction of CO to multicarbon (C) products is of great importance but still faces challenges. The moderate oxidation state of Cu (Cu) plays a critical role in promoting the C-C coupling, thereby enhancing the Faraday efficiency (FE) for C products. However, Cu active species are unstable during the reaction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe magnetic heating effect under alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) has recently gained attention in catalysis due to its potential to greatly boost catalytic activities by providing localized heating around magnetic nanoparticles. However, nanoparticles still suffer from low magnetic heating efficiency due to their low magnetic anisotropy and thermal fluctuation, which is a key barrier in the wide application of AMF-assisted catalysis. Herein, by introducing the pinning effect of ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic (FM/AFM) coupling, NiO/NiOOH (AFM/FM) core-shell nanoparticles exhibit significantly enhanced oxygen evolution reaction activity and resistance to thermal fluctuations under AMF, compared to NiOOH nanoparticles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: To examine if pregnancy affects the prognosis of uveal melanoma (UM) patients undergoing plaque brachytherapy (PBT) and to assess if PBT has any subsequent impact on pregnancy outcomes.
Methods: A retrospective, single-center study was carried out at Beijing Tongren Hospital, focusing on women of childbearing age diagnosed with UM and treated with iodine-125 plaque brachytherapy. Both the outcomes of pregnancies and the health status of the fetuses were monitored.
Purpose: Primary surgery failure of macular holes causes poor visual acuity outcomes. Several studies indicate that small-medium idiopathic full-thickness macular holes (iFTMH) have consistent and high anatomical closure rates after vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, regardless of iFTMH diameters. However, there is no systematic analysis examining the relationship between iFTMH diameters and anatomical closure rates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Analyzing fundus images with deep learning techniques is promising for screening systematic diseases. However, the quality of the rapidly increasing number of studies was variable and lacked systematic evaluation.
Objective: To systematically review all the articles that aimed to predict systemic parameters and conditions using fundus image and deep learning, assessing their performance, and providing suggestions that would enable translation into clinical practice.
This study aimed to examine the intraocular tolerability of the epidermal growth factor receptor antibody cetuximab, when applied intravitreally, and its effect on axial elongation. Guinea pigs aged 2-3 weeks were subjected to bilateral plano glasses and bilateral lens-induced myopization (LIM) as a single procedure for group I (n = 8) and group II (n = 8), respectively. In the animals of group III (n = 8), group IV (n = 8), and group V (n = 8), the right eyes of the animals, in addition to LIM, received four weekly intravitreal injections of cetuximab (Erbitux®) in doses of 6.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: The mechanism underlying axial elongation during myopia progression remains unknown. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is associated with axial elongation. We explored whether mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling acts as the downstream pathway of EGFR and participates in negative lens-induced axial elongation (NLIAE).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular malignancy in childhood. With the advanced management strategy, the globe salvage and overall survival have significantly improved, which proposes subsequent challenges regarding long-term surveillance and offspring screening. This study aimed to apply a deep learning algorithm to reduce the burden of follow-up and offspring screening.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConfining dual atoms (DAs) within the van der Waals gap of 2D layered materials is expected to expedite the kinetic and energetic strength in catalytic process, yet is a huge challenge in atomic-scale precise assembling DAs within two adjacent layers in the 2D limit. Here, an ingenious approach is proposed to assemble DAs of Ni and Fe into the interlayer of MoS . While inheriting the exceptional merits of diatomic species, this interlayer-confined structure arms itself with confinement effect, displaying the more favorable adsorption strength on the confined metal active center and higher catalytic activity towards acidic water splitting, as verified by intensive research efforts of theoretical calculations and experimental measurements.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAs a clean and effective approach, the introduction of external magnetic fields to improve the performance of catalysts has attracted extensive attention. Owing to its room-temperature ferromagnetism, chemical stability, and earth abundance, VSe is expected to be a promising and cost-effective ferromagnetic electrocatalyst for the accomplishment of high-efficient spin-related OER kinetics. In this work, a facile pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method combined with rapid thermal annealing (RTA) treatment is used to successfully confine monodispersed 1T-VSe nanoparticles in amorphous carbon matrix.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its family members have been reported to be involved in myopic axial elongation. We examined whether short hairpin RNA attenuated adeno-associated virus (shRNA-AAV)-induced knockdown of amphiregulin, an EGF family member, has an influence on axial elongation.
Methods: Three-week-old pigmented guinea pigs underwent lens-induced myopization (LIM) without additional intervention (LIM group; n = 10 animals) or additionally received into their right eyes at baseline an intravitreal injection of scramble shRNA-AAV (5 × 1010 vector genome [vg]) (LIM + Scr-shRNA group; n = 10) or of amphiregulin (AR)-shRNA-AAV (5 × 1010 vg/5 µL) (LIM + AR-shRNA-AAV group; n = 10), or they received an injection of AR-shRNA-AAV at baseline and three weekly amphiregulin injections (20 ng/5 µL) (LIM + AR-shRNA-AAV + AR group; n = 10).
Purpose: Studies have indicated that the observed association between vitamin D and myopia was confounded by time spent outdoors. This study aimed to elucidate this association using a national cross-sectional dataset.
Methods: Participants with 12 to 25 years who participated in non-cycloplegic vision exam from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001 to 2008 were included in the present study.
Zero-thermal-expansion (ZTE) alloys, as dimensionally stable materials, are urgently required in many fields, particularly in highly advanced modern industries. In this study, high-performance ZTE with a negligible coefficient of thermal expansion a as small as 2.4 ppm K in a broad temperature range of 85-245 K is discovered in Hf Ta Fe C magnet.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlthough (oxy)hydroxides generated by electrochemical reconstruction (EC-reconstruction) of transition-metal catalysts exhibit highly catalytic activities, the amorphous nature fundamentally impedes the electrochemical kinetics due to its poor electrical conductivity. Here, EC-reconstructed NiFe/NiFeOOH core/shell nanoparticles in highly conductive carbon matrix based on the pulsed laser deposition prepared NiFe nanoparticles is successfully confined. Electrochemical characterizations and first-principles calculations demonstrate that the reconstructed NiFe/NiFeOOH core/shell nanoparticles exhibit high oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalytic activity (a low overpotential of 342.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGraefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol
March 2023
Purposes: Many factors were reported to be associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR); however, their contributions remained unclear. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic and diagnostic accuracy of logistic regression and three machine learning models based on various medical records.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study.
Background: High myopia-related complications have become a major cause of irreversible vision loss. Evaluating the association between potential factors and high myopia can provide insights into pathophysiologic mechanisms and further intervention targets for myopia progression.
Method: Participants aged 12-25 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2006 were selected for the analysis.
Objectives: Major ocular diseases share common risk factors and pathogeneses with stroke. This study aimed to evaluate the relation between stroke and ocular diseases including visual impairment (VI).
Methods: The cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and associations of VI and major eye diseases with stroke among 4570 participants in the 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).